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Author: Philippe Fournier
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194507
Category : Cancer
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a promising anticancer treatment. OVs selectively infect, replicate in, and kill tumor cells. Oncolytic viral therapy occurs in two phases: an initial phase where the virus mediates direct oncolysis of tumor cells, and a second phase where an induced post-oncolytic immune response continues to mediate tumor destruction and retards progression of the disease. For a long time, the therapeutic efficacy was thought to depend mainly on the direct viral oncolysis based on their tumor selective replication and killing activities. But the post-oncolytic anti-tumor activity induced by the OV therapy is also a key factor for an efficient therapeutic activity. The topic adresses various strategies how to optimize OVs anti-tumor activity.
Author: Philippe Fournier
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194507
Category : Cancer
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a promising anticancer treatment. OVs selectively infect, replicate in, and kill tumor cells. Oncolytic viral therapy occurs in two phases: an initial phase where the virus mediates direct oncolysis of tumor cells, and a second phase where an induced post-oncolytic immune response continues to mediate tumor destruction and retards progression of the disease. For a long time, the therapeutic efficacy was thought to depend mainly on the direct viral oncolysis based on their tumor selective replication and killing activities. But the post-oncolytic anti-tumor activity induced by the OV therapy is also a key factor for an efficient therapeutic activity. The topic adresses various strategies how to optimize OVs anti-tumor activity.
Author: Chantal Lemay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Derek Clements
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Cancer-associated immunosuppression represents a major contributor to tumor progression and impairment of spontaneous or therapeutically-induced anti-tumor immunity. Myeloid cells are a key mediator of such immunosuppression. These tumor-associated myeloid cells promote angiogenesis, metastasis, and prevent immune-mediated attack and elimination of cancer cells. Thus, it is not surprising that current cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, which exploit immune cell functions to target cancer, aim to overcome immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of anti-cancer therapeutic agents. OVs, including reovirus, preferentially target and kill cancer cells. Additionally, numerous OVs readily overturn the otherwise suppressed immune system and facilitate the activation of beneficial anti-tumor T cell responses. Contrary to this paradigm, our previous findings illustrated that reovirus transiently augments a myeloid cell population, commonly associated with an immunosuppressive phenotype, following reovirus administration. Thus, this thesis focuses on elucidating the biological and therapeutic impact that these cells have on reovirus-based OV therapy. As such, the broad objectives of this thesis are to 1) phenotypically and functionally characterize reovirus-driven myeloid cells in the context of OV therapy, 2) implement complementary immunological interventions to modulate these cells during therapy, and 3) develop a mass spectrometry-based proteomics platform to understand how these cells respond throughout virus infection in vivo. The following work illustrates that reovirus drives the accumulation of suppressive monocytic myeloid cells (MMCs) within the TME and enhances tumor-associated immunosuppression. Depletion of these MMCs in the TME (using gemcitabine) accelerated the development of anti-tumor T cell immunity and improved therapeutic efficacy. Although the use of gemcitabine hampered MMC accumulation, it also hindered reovirus replication. Hence, an alternative approach to manipulate these MMCs could benefit OV therapy effectiveness. Lastly, the implementation of our quantitative temporal in vivo proteomics platform unveiled that reovirus-driven MMCs, in the context of infection and absence of a TME, naturally possess anti-viral/pro-inflammatory properties and are precursors for antigen-presenting cells. With such environmentally-dependent and contrasting cellular properties, our data suggest that, as an alternative to MMC depletion strategies, future work could harness the pro-inflammatory phenotype of these MMCs to further potentiate the generation of anti-tumor immunity during OV therapy.
Author: Louise Marie Erika Muller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Louise Marie Erika Mûller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Nicole F. Steinmetz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9814267945
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
This book overviews the applications of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) in areas ranging from materials science to biomedicine. It summarizes the many different VNP building blocks and describes chemistries that allow one to attach, entrap, or display functionalities on VNPs. The book outlines the strategies for the construction of 1-, 2-, and 3-D arrays, highlights the achievements in utilizing VNPs as tools for novel biosensors and nanoelectronic devices, and describes efforts in designing VNPs for biomedical applications, including their use as gene delivery vectors, novel vaccines, imaging modalities, and applications in targeted therapeutics.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128145161
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 4109
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Book Description
Encyclopedia of Virology, Fourth Edition, Five Volume Set builds on the solid foundation laid by the previous editions, expanding its reach with new and timely topics. In five volumes, the work provides comprehensive coverage of the whole virosphere, making this a unique resource. Content explores viruses present in the environment and the pathogenic viruses of humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. Key areas and concepts concerning virus classification, structure, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention are discussed, guiding the reader through chapters that are presented at an accessible level, and include further readings for those needing more specific information. More than ever now, with the Covid19 pandemic, we are seeing the huge impact viruses have on our life and society. This encyclopedia is a must-have resource for scientists and practitioners, and a great source of information for the wider public. Offers students and researchers a one-stop shop for information on virology not easily available elsewhere Fills a critical gap of information in a field that has seen significant progress in recent years Authored and edited by recognized experts in the field, with a range of different expertise, thus ensuring a high-quality standard
Author: Laurence Zitvogel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319624318
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 700
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Book Description
In this book, leading experts in cancer immunotherapy join forces to provide a comprehensive guide that sets out the main principles of oncoimmunology and examines the latest advances and their implications for clinical practice, focusing in particular on drugs with FDA/EMA approvals and breakthrough status. The aim is to deliver a landmark educational tool that will serve as the definitive reference for MD and PhD students while also meeting the needs of established researchers and healthcare professionals. Immunotherapy-based approaches are now inducing long-lasting clinical responses across multiple histological types of neoplasia, in previously difficult-to-treat metastatic cancers. The future challenges for oncologists are to understand and exploit the cellular and molecular components of complex immune networks, to optimize combinatorial regimens, to avoid immune-related side effects, and to plan immunomonitoring studies for biomarker discovery. The editors hope that this book will guide future and established health professionals toward the effective application of cancer immunology and immunotherapy and contribute significantly to further progress in the field.
Author: Robert A. Britton
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1555819702
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
Examining the enormous potential of microbiome manipulation to improve health Associations between the composition of the intestinal microbiome and many human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and cancer, have been elegantly described in the past decade. Now, whole-genome sequencing, bioinformatics, and precision gene-editing techniques are being combined with centuries-old therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, to translate current research into new diagnostics and therapeutics to treat complex diseases. Bugs as Drugs provides a much-needed overview of microbes in therapies and will serve as an excellent resource for scientists and clinicians as they carry out research and clinical studies on investigating the roles the microbiota plays in health and disease. In Bugs as Drugs, editors Robert A. Britton and Patrice D. Cani have assembled a fascinating collection of reviews that chart the history, current efforts, and future prospects of using microorganisms to fight disease and improve health. Sections cover traditional uses of probiotics, next-generation microbial therapeutics, controlling infectious diseases, and indirect strategies for manipulating the host microbiome. Topics presented include: How well-established probiotics support and improve host health by improving the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the host and by modulating the host immune response. The use of gene editing and recombinant DNA techniques to create tailored probiotics and to characterize next-generation beneficial microbes. For example, engineering that improves the anti-inflammatory profile of probiotics can reduce the number of colonic polyps formed, and lactobacilli can be transformed into targeted delivery systems carrying therapeutic proteins or bioengineered bacteriophage. The association of specific microbiota composition with colorectal cancer, liver diseases, osteoporosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The gut microbiota has been proposed to serve as an organ involved in regulation of inflammation, immune function, and energy homeostasis. Fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising treatment for numerous diseases beyond C. difficile infection. Practical considerations for using fecal microbiota transplantation are provided, while it is acknowledged that more high-quality evidence is needed to ascertain the importance of strain specificity in positive treatment outcomes. Because systems biology approaches and synthetic engineering of microbes are now high-throughput and cost-effective, a much wider range of therapeutic possibilities can be explored and vetted.
Author: Vinod Kumar Yata
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030471209
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
This book is the third volume on this subject and focuses on the recent advances of nanopharmaceuticals in cancer, dental, dermal and drug delivery applications and presents their safety, toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. The book also includes the transport phenomenon of nanomaterials and important pathways for drug delivery applications. It goes on to explain the toxicity of nanoparticles to different physiological systems and methods used to assess this for different organ systems using examples of in vivo systems.
