Author: Laurence W. McKeen
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0323916287
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
Handbook of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers: Properties, Characteristics and Data gathers key technical information about structure, characteristics, properties and processing methods of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers in one easy reference. Thermoplastic fluoropolymers have many desirable functional characteristics, such as high thermal stability, reliability at high mechanical loads, a wide range of operating temperatures, and high chemical and radiation stability. These characteristics make them crucial in many specialist applications, including in the military, biopharmaceuticals and environmental protection. This uniquely comprehensive guide to this versatile family of polymers will help processors, fabricators and end-users find new and innovative solutions.Detailed coverage of technical details of processing methods, characteristics, and chemical properties of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers all in one place make this the most authoritative reference to the subject available. - Includes extensive physical and mechanical property data for commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers - Provides comprehensive chemical resistance data for commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers - Explains the basics of fluoropolymers for readers with different backgrounds
Handbook of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers
Author: Laurence W. McKeen
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0323916287
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
Handbook of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers: Properties, Characteristics and Data gathers key technical information about structure, characteristics, properties and processing methods of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers in one easy reference. Thermoplastic fluoropolymers have many desirable functional characteristics, such as high thermal stability, reliability at high mechanical loads, a wide range of operating temperatures, and high chemical and radiation stability. These characteristics make them crucial in many specialist applications, including in the military, biopharmaceuticals and environmental protection. This uniquely comprehensive guide to this versatile family of polymers will help processors, fabricators and end-users find new and innovative solutions.Detailed coverage of technical details of processing methods, characteristics, and chemical properties of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers all in one place make this the most authoritative reference to the subject available. - Includes extensive physical and mechanical property data for commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers - Provides comprehensive chemical resistance data for commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers - Explains the basics of fluoropolymers for readers with different backgrounds
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0323916287
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
Handbook of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers: Properties, Characteristics and Data gathers key technical information about structure, characteristics, properties and processing methods of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers in one easy reference. Thermoplastic fluoropolymers have many desirable functional characteristics, such as high thermal stability, reliability at high mechanical loads, a wide range of operating temperatures, and high chemical and radiation stability. These characteristics make them crucial in many specialist applications, including in the military, biopharmaceuticals and environmental protection. This uniquely comprehensive guide to this versatile family of polymers will help processors, fabricators and end-users find new and innovative solutions.Detailed coverage of technical details of processing methods, characteristics, and chemical properties of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers all in one place make this the most authoritative reference to the subject available. - Includes extensive physical and mechanical property data for commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers - Provides comprehensive chemical resistance data for commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers - Explains the basics of fluoropolymers for readers with different backgrounds
Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers
Author: Jiri George Drobny
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323221688
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 465
Book Description
Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers, Second Edition presents a comprehensive working knowledge of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), providing an essential introduction for those learning the basics, but also detailed engineering data and best practice guidance for those already involved in polymerization, processing, and part manufacture. TPEs use short, cost-effective production cycles, with reduced energy consumption compared to other polymers, and are used in a range of industries including automotive, medical, construction and many more. This handbook provides all the practical information engineers need to successfully utilize this material group in their products, as well as the required knowledge to thoroughly ground themselves in the fundamental chemistry of TPEs. The data tables included in this book assist engineers and scientists in both selecting and processing the materials for a given product or application. In the second edition of this handbook, all chapters have been reviewed and updated. New polymers and applications have been added — particularly in the growing automotive and medical fields — and changes in chemistry and processing technology are covered. - Provides essential knowledge of the chemistry, processing, properties, and applications for both new and established technical professionals in any industry utilizing TPEs - Datasheets provide "at-a-glance" processing and technical information for a wide range of commercial TPEs and compounds, saving readers the need to contact suppliers - Includes data on additional materials and applications, particularly in automotive and medical industries
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323221688
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 465
Book Description
Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers, Second Edition presents a comprehensive working knowledge of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), providing an essential introduction for those learning the basics, but also detailed engineering data and best practice guidance for those already involved in polymerization, processing, and part manufacture. TPEs use short, cost-effective production cycles, with reduced energy consumption compared to other polymers, and are used in a range of industries including automotive, medical, construction and many more. This handbook provides all the practical information engineers need to successfully utilize this material group in their products, as well as the required knowledge to thoroughly ground themselves in the fundamental chemistry of TPEs. The data tables included in this book assist engineers and scientists in both selecting and processing the materials for a given product or application. In the second edition of this handbook, all chapters have been reviewed and updated. New polymers and applications have been added — particularly in the growing automotive and medical fields — and changes in chemistry and processing technology are covered. - Provides essential knowledge of the chemistry, processing, properties, and applications for both new and established technical professionals in any industry utilizing TPEs - Datasheets provide "at-a-glance" processing and technical information for a wide range of commercial TPEs and compounds, saving readers the need to contact suppliers - Includes data on additional materials and applications, particularly in automotive and medical industries
Fluoroplastics, Volume 2
Author: Sina Ebnesajjad
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1455731986
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 767
Book Description
Fluoroplastics, Volume 2: Melt Processible Fluoropolymers - The Definitive User's Guide and Data Book compiles the working knowledge of the polymer chemistry and physics of melt processible fluoropolymers with detailed descriptions of commercial processing methods, material properties, fabrication and handling information, technologies, and applications, also including history, market statistics, and safety and recycling aspects. Both volumes of Fluoroplastics contain a large amount of specific property data useful for users to readily compare different materials and align material structure with end use applications. Volume Two concentrates on melt-processible fluoropolymers used across a broad range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, electronic, food, beverage, oil/gas, and medical devices. This new edition is a thoroughly updated and significantly expanded revision covering new technologies and applications, and addressing the changes that have taken place in the fluoropolymer markets. - Exceptionally broad and comprehensive coverage of melt processible fluoropolymers processing and applications - Provides a practical approach, written by long-standing authorities in the fluoropolymers industry - Thoroughly updated and significantly expanded revision covering new technologies and applications, and addressing the changes that have taken place in the fluoropolymer markets
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1455731986
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 767
Book Description
Fluoroplastics, Volume 2: Melt Processible Fluoropolymers - The Definitive User's Guide and Data Book compiles the working knowledge of the polymer chemistry and physics of melt processible fluoropolymers with detailed descriptions of commercial processing methods, material properties, fabrication and handling information, technologies, and applications, also including history, market statistics, and safety and recycling aspects. Both volumes of Fluoroplastics contain a large amount of specific property data useful for users to readily compare different materials and align material structure with end use applications. Volume Two concentrates on melt-processible fluoropolymers used across a broad range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, electronic, food, beverage, oil/gas, and medical devices. This new edition is a thoroughly updated and significantly expanded revision covering new technologies and applications, and addressing the changes that have taken place in the fluoropolymer markets. - Exceptionally broad and comprehensive coverage of melt processible fluoropolymers processing and applications - Provides a practical approach, written by long-standing authorities in the fluoropolymers industry - Thoroughly updated and significantly expanded revision covering new technologies and applications, and addressing the changes that have taken place in the fluoropolymer markets
Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook
Author: Sina Ebnesajjad
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1437778569
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook: Technology, Manufacturing and Applications is a comprehensive guide to ePTFE, explaining manufacturing technologies, properties, and applications. Technologies that were previously shrouded in secrecy are revealed in detail, as are the origins and history of ePFTE. The book is an essential handbook for scientists and engineers working in PTFE processing industries, and for manufacturers working with fluoropolymers. It is also of use to purchasing managers and academics. - Presents every aspect of the manufacturing technologies and properties of ePFTE - Provides detailed coverage of ePTFE applications in apparel, medical, and surgical devices, filtration, vents, and industrial uses - Follows ePFTE from its original discovery to the latest developments
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1437778569
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook: Technology, Manufacturing and Applications is a comprehensive guide to ePTFE, explaining manufacturing technologies, properties, and applications. Technologies that were previously shrouded in secrecy are revealed in detail, as are the origins and history of ePFTE. The book is an essential handbook for scientists and engineers working in PTFE processing industries, and for manufacturers working with fluoropolymers. It is also of use to purchasing managers and academics. - Presents every aspect of the manufacturing technologies and properties of ePFTE - Provides detailed coverage of ePTFE applications in apparel, medical, and surgical devices, filtration, vents, and industrial uses - Follows ePFTE from its original discovery to the latest developments
Technology of Fluoropolymers
Author: Jiri G. Drobny
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000839834
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
This third edition has been updated and expanded, providing industrial chemists, technologists, environmental scientists, and engineers with an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers. Highlighting existing and new industrial, military, medical, and consumer goods applications, this edition adds more detailed information on equipment and processing conditions. It explores breakthroughs in understanding property-structure relationships, new polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying polymers, such as melt-processable fluoroplastics. It also expands on the important properties of fluoropolymers, including heat and radiation degradation, health effects, and recycling. Features: Revised, updated, and expanded to continue to provide an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers Explores the property-structure relationships, polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying polymers Fluoropolymers rank high on the specialty polymers group and, due to their unique properties, are naturally part of the solution to the industrial sustainability challenges of the twenty-first century Describes the technology of fluoropolymers, including thermoplastic and elastomeric products Expands upon the important characteristics of fluoropolymers and their recycling.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000839834
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
This third edition has been updated and expanded, providing industrial chemists, technologists, environmental scientists, and engineers with an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers. Highlighting existing and new industrial, military, medical, and consumer goods applications, this edition adds more detailed information on equipment and processing conditions. It explores breakthroughs in understanding property-structure relationships, new polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying polymers, such as melt-processable fluoroplastics. It also expands on the important properties of fluoropolymers, including heat and radiation degradation, health effects, and recycling. Features: Revised, updated, and expanded to continue to provide an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers Explores the property-structure relationships, polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying polymers Fluoropolymers rank high on the specialty polymers group and, due to their unique properties, are naturally part of the solution to the industrial sustainability challenges of the twenty-first century Describes the technology of fluoropolymers, including thermoplastic and elastomeric products Expands upon the important characteristics of fluoropolymers and their recycling.
Fluoroelastomers Handbook
Author: Jiri George Drobny
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0323396186
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 577
Book Description
Fluoroelastomers Handbook: The Definitive User's Guide, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference on fluoroelastomer chemistry, processing technology, and applications. It is a must-have reference for materials scientists and engineers in the automotive, aerospace, chemical, chemical process, and power generation industries. Covering both physical and mechanical properties of fluoroelastomers, it is useful in addressing daily challenges in the use of these materials, as well as the challenges posed in long-term research and development programs. Since the publication of the previous edition in 2005, many new findings and developments in chemistry, technology, and applications of fluoroelastomers have taken place. This is the only book with updated information on the manufacturing process, cross-linking chemistry and the formulation of compounds, as well as mixing, processing, and curing methods. A fully revised chapter is included on applications and examples of fluoroelastomer compounds. Safety, hygiene, and disposal standards and guidelines have been updated, and a new chapter has been added to discuss new developments and current trends, helping engineers and materials scientists stay ahead of the curve. - Presents the only definitive reference work on fluoroelastomer chemistry, processing technology, and applications - Helps engineers and materials scientists with the day-to-day challenges of using fluoroelastomers, as well as long-term research and development programs - Includes fully updated chapters on the chemistry, manufacture, and processing of fluoroelastomers, as well as information on properties, applications, disposal, and safety issues
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0323396186
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 577
Book Description
Fluoroelastomers Handbook: The Definitive User's Guide, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference on fluoroelastomer chemistry, processing technology, and applications. It is a must-have reference for materials scientists and engineers in the automotive, aerospace, chemical, chemical process, and power generation industries. Covering both physical and mechanical properties of fluoroelastomers, it is useful in addressing daily challenges in the use of these materials, as well as the challenges posed in long-term research and development programs. Since the publication of the previous edition in 2005, many new findings and developments in chemistry, technology, and applications of fluoroelastomers have taken place. This is the only book with updated information on the manufacturing process, cross-linking chemistry and the formulation of compounds, as well as mixing, processing, and curing methods. A fully revised chapter is included on applications and examples of fluoroelastomer compounds. Safety, hygiene, and disposal standards and guidelines have been updated, and a new chapter has been added to discuss new developments and current trends, helping engineers and materials scientists stay ahead of the curve. - Presents the only definitive reference work on fluoroelastomer chemistry, processing technology, and applications - Helps engineers and materials scientists with the day-to-day challenges of using fluoroelastomers, as well as long-term research and development programs - Includes fully updated chapters on the chemistry, manufacture, and processing of fluoroelastomers, as well as information on properties, applications, disposal, and safety issues
Handbook of Fluoropolymer Science and Technology
Author: Dennis W. Smith
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470079932
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 671
Book Description
Handbook of Fluoropolymer Science and Technology A comprehensive handbook on fluoropolymer synthesis, characterization, and processing Fluoropolymers, one of the more durable classes of polymer materials, are known to enable novel technologies as a result of their remarkable properties. As key components in industry applications, fluoropolymers have established commercial interest and scientists have discovered more efficient approaches of handling them. This book reviews up-to-date fluoropolymer platforms as well as recently discovered methods for the preparation of fluorinated materials. It focuses on synthesis, characterization, and processing aspects, providing guidelines for practicing scientists and engineers. In addition, the book covers: Concepts and studies from leading international laboratories, including academia, government, and industrial institutions Emerging technologies and applications in energy, optics, space exploration, fuel cells, microelectronics, gas separation membranes, biomedical instrumentation, and more Current environmental concerns associated with fluoropolymers, relevant regulations, and growth opportunities Overall, the chapters provide coverage of chemical methods and help the reader further understand how fluoropolymer research provides solutions for material challenges. The concepts in this book also inspire professionals to identify new markets and funding sources for fluoropolymer research and development.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470079932
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 671
Book Description
Handbook of Fluoropolymer Science and Technology A comprehensive handbook on fluoropolymer synthesis, characterization, and processing Fluoropolymers, one of the more durable classes of polymer materials, are known to enable novel technologies as a result of their remarkable properties. As key components in industry applications, fluoropolymers have established commercial interest and scientists have discovered more efficient approaches of handling them. This book reviews up-to-date fluoropolymer platforms as well as recently discovered methods for the preparation of fluorinated materials. It focuses on synthesis, characterization, and processing aspects, providing guidelines for practicing scientists and engineers. In addition, the book covers: Concepts and studies from leading international laboratories, including academia, government, and industrial institutions Emerging technologies and applications in energy, optics, space exploration, fuel cells, microelectronics, gas separation membranes, biomedical instrumentation, and more Current environmental concerns associated with fluoropolymers, relevant regulations, and growth opportunities Overall, the chapters provide coverage of chemical methods and help the reader further understand how fluoropolymer research provides solutions for material challenges. The concepts in this book also inspire professionals to identify new markets and funding sources for fluoropolymer research and development.
Handbook of Plastics Joining
Author: Michael J. Troughton
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0815519761
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 615
Book Description
The new edition of this bestselling reference provides fully updated and detailed descriptions of plastics joining processes, plus an extensive compilation of data on joining specific materials. The volume is divided into two main parts: processes and materials. The processing section has 18 chapters, each explaining a different joining technique. The materials section has joining information for 25 generic polymer families. Both sections contain data organized according to the joining methods used for that material. - A significant and extensive update from experts at The Welding Institute - A systematic approach to discussing each joining method including: process, advantages and disadvantages, applications, materials, equipment, joint design, and welding parameters - Includes international suppliers' directory and glossary of key joining terms - Includes new techniques such as flash free welding and friction stir welding - Covers thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, and rubbers.
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0815519761
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 615
Book Description
The new edition of this bestselling reference provides fully updated and detailed descriptions of plastics joining processes, plus an extensive compilation of data on joining specific materials. The volume is divided into two main parts: processes and materials. The processing section has 18 chapters, each explaining a different joining technique. The materials section has joining information for 25 generic polymer families. Both sections contain data organized according to the joining methods used for that material. - A significant and extensive update from experts at The Welding Institute - A systematic approach to discussing each joining method including: process, advantages and disadvantages, applications, materials, equipment, joint design, and welding parameters - Includes international suppliers' directory and glossary of key joining terms - Includes new techniques such as flash free welding and friction stir welding - Covers thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, and rubbers.
Plastics Technology Handbook
Author: Manas Chanda
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498786227
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1045
Book Description
Updated throughout to reflect advances over the last decade, the Fifth Edition continues the handbook’s tradition of authoritative coverage of fundamentals, production methods, properties, and applications of plastics and polymer-based materials. It covers tooling for plastics fabrication processes, thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, foamed plastics, reinforced plastics, plastisols, and new developments in mold design. It also discusses rubber compounding and processing technologies. More recent developments in polymer fabrication and processing, including electrospinning, electrografted coating, polymer-metal hybrid joining, flex printing, and rapid prototyping/ 3D printing, are also presented. The handbook highlights advanced materials including natural and synthetic gfnanosize polymers, their unusual properties, and innovative applications, as well as polymer-carbon nanocomposites, graphene-based polymer nanocomposites, smart healable polymer composites, smart polymer coatings, electroactive polymers, polymer nanomaterials, and novel nano-/microfibrillar polymer composites. It offers updates on polymer solar battery development, plastics recycling and disposal methods, new concepts of "upcycling" and single-polymer composites, renewable synthetic polymers, biodegradable plastics and composites, and toxicity of plastics. The book also provides an overview of new developments in polymer applications in various fields including packaging, building and construction, corrosion prevention and control, automotive, aerospace applications, electrical and electronic applications, agriculture and horticulture, domestic appliances and business machines, medical and biomedical applications, marine and offshore applications, and sports.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498786227
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1045
Book Description
Updated throughout to reflect advances over the last decade, the Fifth Edition continues the handbook’s tradition of authoritative coverage of fundamentals, production methods, properties, and applications of plastics and polymer-based materials. It covers tooling for plastics fabrication processes, thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, foamed plastics, reinforced plastics, plastisols, and new developments in mold design. It also discusses rubber compounding and processing technologies. More recent developments in polymer fabrication and processing, including electrospinning, electrografted coating, polymer-metal hybrid joining, flex printing, and rapid prototyping/ 3D printing, are also presented. The handbook highlights advanced materials including natural and synthetic gfnanosize polymers, their unusual properties, and innovative applications, as well as polymer-carbon nanocomposites, graphene-based polymer nanocomposites, smart healable polymer composites, smart polymer coatings, electroactive polymers, polymer nanomaterials, and novel nano-/microfibrillar polymer composites. It offers updates on polymer solar battery development, plastics recycling and disposal methods, new concepts of "upcycling" and single-polymer composites, renewable synthetic polymers, biodegradable plastics and composites, and toxicity of plastics. The book also provides an overview of new developments in polymer applications in various fields including packaging, building and construction, corrosion prevention and control, automotive, aerospace applications, electrical and electronic applications, agriculture and horticulture, domestic appliances and business machines, medical and biomedical applications, marine and offshore applications, and sports.
Fluoropolymer Applications in the Chemical Processing Industries
Author: Sina Ebnesajjad
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0323461158
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 454
Book Description
Fluoropolymer Applications in Chemical Processing Industries: The Definitive User's Guide and Handbook, Second Edition, contains the most extensive collection of data and information on fluoropolymer applications in chemical processing industries. Because of their superior properties, fluoropolymers have been rapidly replacing metal alloys for corrosion inhibition in chemical processing equipment. This book is a complete compendium of information about fluoropolymer lining materials and structural piping and tubing. Fluoropolymer surfaces preserve purity of processing streams in the chemical processing, plastics, food, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, and pulp and paper industries. Updated to reflect major changes since 2004, this book contains practical, problem-solving tools for professionals in those industries. Equipment manufacturers, plant operators, and product design and manufacturing engineers all will benefit from the in-depth knowledge provided. This new edition includes new fluoropolymer grades and new examples of the fluoropolymer role in preventing corrosion. New fabrication techniques have been added, and additional emphasis has been placed on adhesion and welding techniques. New sections have been added on inspection of new linings, and in-service inspection – including inspection frequency, acceptance criteria, fitness for service evaluation, and reparability. - Includes extensive guidelines for the selection of fluoropolymers for corrosion control - Features a detailed 'how-to' on processes that convert fluoropolymers into shapes and parts - Discusses fabrication techniques to finish the fluoropolymer components before exposure to harsh chemical environments - Includes laboratory techniques to determine the cause of part failure, and a modeling methodology to predict and analyze failure of fluoropolymer parts
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0323461158
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 454
Book Description
Fluoropolymer Applications in Chemical Processing Industries: The Definitive User's Guide and Handbook, Second Edition, contains the most extensive collection of data and information on fluoropolymer applications in chemical processing industries. Because of their superior properties, fluoropolymers have been rapidly replacing metal alloys for corrosion inhibition in chemical processing equipment. This book is a complete compendium of information about fluoropolymer lining materials and structural piping and tubing. Fluoropolymer surfaces preserve purity of processing streams in the chemical processing, plastics, food, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, and pulp and paper industries. Updated to reflect major changes since 2004, this book contains practical, problem-solving tools for professionals in those industries. Equipment manufacturers, plant operators, and product design and manufacturing engineers all will benefit from the in-depth knowledge provided. This new edition includes new fluoropolymer grades and new examples of the fluoropolymer role in preventing corrosion. New fabrication techniques have been added, and additional emphasis has been placed on adhesion and welding techniques. New sections have been added on inspection of new linings, and in-service inspection – including inspection frequency, acceptance criteria, fitness for service evaluation, and reparability. - Includes extensive guidelines for the selection of fluoropolymers for corrosion control - Features a detailed 'how-to' on processes that convert fluoropolymers into shapes and parts - Discusses fabrication techniques to finish the fluoropolymer components before exposure to harsh chemical environments - Includes laboratory techniques to determine the cause of part failure, and a modeling methodology to predict and analyze failure of fluoropolymer parts