Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures PDF Download
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264938893
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
This document provides the second edition of Guidance Document 23 on Aqueous-Phase Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Test Chemicals.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264078401
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
This document provides guidance for the testing of substances, and mixtures, classed as “difficult to test” for the purposes of determining their aquatic toxicity.
Author: Paul Whitehouse
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Author: Maurice Zeeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic and sediment effects test methods
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
A description of ecological effects harmonization activities occurring since 1990, within the U.S. EPA's Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS), and occurring between OPPTS and OECD was presented at the ASTM Eighth Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment in 1998. This presentation was subsequently published (Smrchek and Morcock 1999). Recently, there has been a great increase in harmonization activities between OPPTS and OECD. Many additional activities are currently ongoing in five test method areas: physical chemical properties (e.g., Kow methods), effects on biotic systems (ecological effects, e.g., Lemna growth inhibition, covered elsewhere), fate (degradation and accumulation, e.g., aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation), health effects, and in special activities such as in method development and testing of endocrine disruptors (e.g., avian reproduction, fish whole life cycle). The goal remains as before: to harmonize OPPTS guidelines (eventually to be published final as parts 810-885 in volume 40 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations) and test guidance with OECD so as to avoid unnecessary and duplicative testing of those chemicals marketed on a world wide basis, to increase efficiency, save test animals, and to reduce nontariff barriers to trade. The latest harmonization activities and results achieved, with a specific emphasis on aquatic and sediment methods are presented. ASTM has played and must continue to play an important part in the U.S. role in the development of these OECD tests. Recent activities include revision of OECD Test Guideline No. 202, Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test; development of a new oligochaete reproduction test; two chironomid sediment tests (spiked water and spiked sediment); an oligochaete bioaccumulation test; and a guidance document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures. Challenges and potential problems for effective harmonization continue to be present. These can be categorized into internal within the U.S. EPA and external to the agency. The former include having adequate available resources, redistribution and changes in workloads to accommodate OECD work, continual education to demonstrate the advantages of harmonization, and obtaining continued support in an environment of budget constraints. External aspects include challenges from the public, the problem of incurring continuing harmonization costs by U.S. industry, accommodating voluntary standards organizations such as ASTM, and difficulties in developing a "U.S. position" on OECD test guidelines. There also continue to be difficulties (not unexpected) in coordination, communication, and cooperation in expert panels and among participating OECD member countries. Several principles for effective harmonization in updating existing OECD test guidelines or in developing new test guidelines are discussed.
Author: Canada. Environmental Protection Service
Publisher: Environment Canada
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic biology
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
A reference toxicant is a chemical used in toxicity tests to provide results that can be compared within a laboratory or among laboratories. This report describes the use of reference toxicants within a laboratory for control of toxicity test precision over time. Thirteen chemicals were evaluated for their suitability as reference toxicants. Procedures for chemical acquisition, safe handling and storage are presented and instructions are provided for establishing and interpreting control charts, as well as reporting data. Monitoring and interpreting duplicate test data are also discussed.
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toxicology
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Freshwater invertebrates
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.
Author: Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439830096
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology an
Author: Kunal Roy
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781071601525
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 830
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Book Description
This volume focuses on computational modeling of the ecotoxicity of chemicals and presents applications of quantitative structure–activity relationship models (QSARs) in the predictive toxicology field in a regulatory context. The extensive book covers a variety of protocols for descriptor computation, data curation, feature selection, learning algorithms, validation of models, applicability domain assessment, confidence estimation for predictions, and much more, as well as case studies and literature reviews on a number of hot topics. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters include the kind of practical advice that is essential for researchers everywhere. Authoritative and comprehensive, Ecotoxicological QSARs is an ideal source to update readers in the field with current practices and introduce to them new developments and should therefore be very useful for researchers in academia, industries, and regulatory bodies.
