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Author: Olivier McCabe
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781606928417
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis and biology of saccharides that are widely distributed in nature and are essential components of all living things. This field combines expertise in both carbohydrate biochemistry and molecular biology. The ABC drug transporter, P glycoprotein or MDR1 is one such example discussed in this book. The relationship of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis to the Pgp-mediated multiple drug resistance phenotype, and the role of MDR1 in lipid biosynthesis in particular is evaluated. The structure and activities of natural complex polysaccharides are also analysed. Specifically, heparin (Hep) as an anticoagulant and antithrombotic (macro)molecule and CS in the treatment of osteoarthritis is reviewed, and the GAG structure-function relationship, which has led to the discovery of novel drugs for the possible treatment of some serious diseases. The gene targeting analyses of certain enzymes, which revealed that the HNK-1 carbohydrate plays important roles in synaptic plasticity and memory function, is described as well. Recent work on the topic "protein-specific glycosylation" is highlighted also, focusing on the primary structure of a protein which directly exerts a cis-control of the glycosylation event.
Author: Olivier McCabe
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781606928417
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis and biology of saccharides that are widely distributed in nature and are essential components of all living things. This field combines expertise in both carbohydrate biochemistry and molecular biology. The ABC drug transporter, P glycoprotein or MDR1 is one such example discussed in this book. The relationship of glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis to the Pgp-mediated multiple drug resistance phenotype, and the role of MDR1 in lipid biosynthesis in particular is evaluated. The structure and activities of natural complex polysaccharides are also analysed. Specifically, heparin (Hep) as an anticoagulant and antithrombotic (macro)molecule and CS in the treatment of osteoarthritis is reviewed, and the GAG structure-function relationship, which has led to the discovery of novel drugs for the possible treatment of some serious diseases. The gene targeting analyses of certain enzymes, which revealed that the HNK-1 carbohydrate plays important roles in synaptic plasticity and memory function, is described as well. Recent work on the topic "protein-specific glycosylation" is highlighted also, focusing on the primary structure of a protein which directly exerts a cis-control of the glycosylation event.
Author: Ajit Varki
Publisher: CSHL Press
ISBN: 9780879696818
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 694
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Book Description
Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Author: Thomas Lütteke
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781493941957
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book provides current glycoinformatics methods and protocols used to support the determination of carbohydrate structures in biological samples as well as carbohydrate structure databases, the interaction of carbohydrates with proteins, and theoretical and experimental methods to study their three-dimensional structure and dynamics. Glycoinformatics explores this recently emerged field, which has come into being in order to address the needs of encoding, storing, and analyzing carbohydrate ‘sequences’ and their taxonomy using computers. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters contain the kind of detailed description and key implementation advice to ensure successful results. Authoritative and timely, Glycoinformatics demonstrates the progress that has been achieved in glycoinformatics, which indicates that it is no longer a niche subject covered by only a few scientists but is truly coming of age.
Author: Naoyuki Taniguchi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811358567
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
This book presents the state of the art in glycoscience and proposes a road map for the coming decade, focusing on the potential of glycoscience research to shed light on important basic science issues and give rise to exciting new applications, especially in the field of diagnosis and therapeutics. Individual sections offer in-depth coverage of various topics relating to glycans and biopharmaceuticals, glycans in medical science and medicine, glycan technologies, glycans in food and nutrients, and glycan-related materials and their uses. In addition, the book presents an exemplary training course on glycomics and highlights educational and analytical web resources, and also includes glossaries and boxes summarizing key facts to ensure ease of understanding for non-expert readers and students. Written by more than 150 active participants in the Japan Consortium for Glycobiology and Glycotechnology (JCGG), whose goal is to promote the development of interdisciplinary glycoscience and establish a global network in the field, it is a valuable resource for students, postdocs, and researchers in the life sciences as well as for stakeholders and professionals in government, funding agencies and industry.
Author: Marija Pezer
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030769127
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
This book summarizes recent advances in antibody glycosylation research. Covering major topics relevant for immunoglobulin glycosylation - analytical methods, biosynthesis and regulation, modulation of effector functions - it provides new perspectives for research and development in the field of therapeutic antibodies, biomarkers, vaccinations, and immunotherapy. Glycans attached to both variable and constant regions of antibodies are known to affect the antibody conformation, stability, and effector functions. Although it focuses on immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most explored antibody in this context, and unravels the natural phenomena resulting from the mixture of IgG glycovariants present in the human body, the book also discusses other classes of human immunoglobulins, as well as immunoglobulins produced in other species and production systems. Further, it reviews the glycoanalytical methods applied to antibodies and addresses a range of less commonly explored topics, such as automatization and bioinformatics aspects of high-throughput antibody glycosylation analysis. Lastly, the book highlights application areas ranging from the ones already benefitting from antibody glycoengineering (such as monoclonal antibody production), to those still in the research stages (such as exploration of antibody glycosylation as a clinical or biological age biomarker), and the potential use of antibody glycosylation in the optimization of vaccine production and immunization protocols. Summarizing the current knowledge on the broad topic of antibody glycosylation and its therapeutic and biomarker potential, this book will appeal to a wide biomedical readership in academia and industry alike. Chapter 4 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author: Els J. M. Van Damme
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194213
Category : Botany
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
Plants synthesize a wide variety of unique glycan structures which play essential roles during the life cycle of the plant. Being omnipresent throughout the plant kingdom, ranging from simple green algae to modern flowering plants, glycans contribute to many diverse processes. Glycans can function as structural components in the plant cell wall, assist in the folding of nascent proteins, act as signaling molecules in plant defense responses or (ER) stress pathways, or serve within the energy metabolism of a plant. In most cases, glycans are attached to other macromolecules to form so-called glycoconjugates (e.g. glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids), but they can also be present as free entities residing in the plant cell. Next to the broad, complex set of glycans, plants also evolved an elaborate collection of lectins or proteins with a lectin-like domain, which can recognize and bind to endogenous (plants-own) or exogenous (foreign) glycans. Though still poorly understood in plants, the dynamic interactions between lectins and carbohydrate structures are suggested to be involved in gene transcription, protein folding, protein transport, cell adhesion, signaling as well as defense responses. As such, a complex and largely undetermined glycan-interactome is established inside plant cells, between cells and their surrounding matrix, inside the extracellular matrix, and even between organisms. Studying the biological roles of plant glycans will enable to better understand plant development and physiology in order to fully exploit plants for food, feed and production of pharmaceutical proteins. In this Research Topic, we want to provide a platform for articles describing the latest research, perspectives and methodologies related to the fascinating world of plant glycobiology, with a focus on following subjects: 1. Identification and characterization of plant glycans, their biosynthetic and degradation enzymes 2. Characterization of plant lectins and glycoproteins 3. Plant glycans in the plant’s energy metabolism 4. Role of plant glycans in plant defense signaling 5. Use of plant lectins in pest control 6. Plant lectins as new tools in human medicine 7. Glyco-engineering in plants
Author: Elizabeth Yuriev
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439854602
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 351
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Book Description
Structural Glycobiology covers the experimental, theoretical, and alternative technologies used in the study of the structural basis for the diverse biological roles of carbohydrates. The book overviews the application of specialized technologies to the study of carbohydrates in biology, reviews relevant and current research in the field, and is illustrated throughout by specific examples of how research investigations have yielded key structural and associated biological data on carbohydrates and glycolipids. In particular, the book focuses on: X-ray crystallography and small-angle scattering, NMR, and cryo-electron microscopy techniques Theoretical (modeling-based) approaches, such as molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, free energy calculations, and carbohydrate docking Alternative techniques for yielding structural information on carbohydrates from complex biological samples Carbohydrates in medicine, specifically in areas that have been directly impacted by our understanding of the structural role of carbohydrates in immune recognition: cancer, organ transplantation, and infection
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309260868
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 171
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Book Description
A new focus on glycoscience, a field that explores the structures and functions of sugars, promises great advances in areas as diverse as medicine, energy generation, and materials science, this report finds. Glycans-also known as carbohydrates, saccharides, or simply as sugars-play central roles in many biological processes and have properties useful in an array of applications. However, glycans have received little attention from the research community due to a lack of tools to probe their often complex structures and properties. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future presents a roadmap for transforming glycoscience from a field dominated by specialists to a widely studied and integrated discipline, which could lead to a more complete understanding of glycans and help solve key challenges in diverse fields.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123810000
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 651
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Book Description
In this 3 volume collection focusing on glycomics, readers will appreciate how such discoveries were made and how such methods can be applied for readers’ own research efforts Each chapter has been designed so that enough scientific background will be given in each chapter for further development of methods by readers themselves Useful for all levels of scientists starting from the last years of colleges, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows to professors and to all levels of scientists in research institutes including industry
Author: Gerrit J. Gerwig
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303077791X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
The growing importance of glycobiology and carbohydrate chemistry in modern biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry makes accurate carbohydrate analysis indispensable. This book provides the principles and protocols of various fundamental carbohydrate analysis methods. Choice of method is entirely dependent upon the type of material being investigated (biological samples, food products, etc.), and the level of structural detail required, i.e. sugar content, compositional analysis, linkages between the sugar components, or the total chemical structure of a given molecule. Full structural characterization of carbohydrate chains requires significant time, resources, and skill in several methods of analysis; no single technique can address all glycan analysis needs. This book summarizes several existing analytical techniques (both chemical and physical) in an introductory volume designed for the non-expert researcher or novice scientist. While background in carbohydrate chemistry is assumed, all information necessary to understanding the described techniques is addressed in the text.
