Author: Lilya Wagner
Publisher: Jossey-Bass
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Book Description
The significance of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), philanthropy, and volunteerism in other nations is growing. This volume offers a sampling of what is happening in fundraising on an international scale. Chapter authors from several different regions address a range of questions, including: the current status of the NGOs or nonprofit sector in their area, the cultural and religious roots of charity and philanthropy, contemporary practices in fundraising, who are the donors and what are their motivations, and the future of fundraising and philanthropy in their area. Geographic regions examined include Mexico and Central America, Brazil and Argentina, Canada, Western Europe, New Zealand, Central Asia, and the Philippines. This volume illustrations how international understanding can enrich the global community of fundraising practitioners and how we are truly part of a global system and therefore fortunate to share in a vast network of knowledge and the knowledgeable who make it happen. This is the 46th volume of the quarterly report series New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising.
Global Perspectives on Fundraising
Author: Lilya Wagner
Publisher: Jossey-Bass
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Book Description
The significance of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), philanthropy, and volunteerism in other nations is growing. This volume offers a sampling of what is happening in fundraising on an international scale. Chapter authors from several different regions address a range of questions, including: the current status of the NGOs or nonprofit sector in their area, the cultural and religious roots of charity and philanthropy, contemporary practices in fundraising, who are the donors and what are their motivations, and the future of fundraising and philanthropy in their area. Geographic regions examined include Mexico and Central America, Brazil and Argentina, Canada, Western Europe, New Zealand, Central Asia, and the Philippines. This volume illustrations how international understanding can enrich the global community of fundraising practitioners and how we are truly part of a global system and therefore fortunate to share in a vast network of knowledge and the knowledgeable who make it happen. This is the 46th volume of the quarterly report series New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising.
Publisher: Jossey-Bass
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Book Description
The significance of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), philanthropy, and volunteerism in other nations is growing. This volume offers a sampling of what is happening in fundraising on an international scale. Chapter authors from several different regions address a range of questions, including: the current status of the NGOs or nonprofit sector in their area, the cultural and religious roots of charity and philanthropy, contemporary practices in fundraising, who are the donors and what are their motivations, and the future of fundraising and philanthropy in their area. Geographic regions examined include Mexico and Central America, Brazil and Argentina, Canada, Western Europe, New Zealand, Central Asia, and the Philippines. This volume illustrations how international understanding can enrich the global community of fundraising practitioners and how we are truly part of a global system and therefore fortunate to share in a vast network of knowledge and the knowledgeable who make it happen. This is the 46th volume of the quarterly report series New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising.
Global Fundraising
Author: Penelope Cagney
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118417267
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 269
Book Description
A practical guide to the challenges and successes of global fundraising, written by an international team of highly respected philanthropy professionals and edited by two of the leading nonprofit thinkers, Global Fundraising is the first book to genuinely offer a global overview of philanthropy with an internationalist perspective. As the world becomes more interdependent, and economies struggle, global philanthropy continues to increase. More than that, nonprofits are taking up roles that have traditionally been filled by the government—including social welfare, healthcare, and human rights. Global Fundraising provides complete coverage of the implications of this growth for nonprofit culture and how it drives changes in fundraising practices. Organized into thematic chapters—a mixture of geographic and topical issues—it places North American philanthropy in a wider context It features a companion website with a variety of online tools and materials The book includes contributions by international leading experts Matt Ide, Mair Bosworth, Usha Menon, Anup Tiwari, Paula Guillet de Monthoux, Angela Cluff, Norma Galafassi, Mike Muchilwa, Tariq Cheema, Lu Bo and Nan Fang, Masataka Uo, Chris Carnie, Sean Triner, Andrea McManus, Marcelo Inniarra, Ashley Baldwin, Rebecca Mauger, YoungWoo Choi, R.F. Shangraw, Jr., Sudeshna Mukherjee, and Anca Zaharia. The book skillfully tracks how the world of fundraising is changing rapidly due to a number of factors including: continuing growth of great wealth; non-profit innovation emerging everywhere; growth of indigenous NGOs; increased professionalism in fundraising; and the value and role of new and social technologies. Written by a team of philanthropy leaders, Global Fundraising offers timely coverage of fundraising around the world. A must-have for INGO leaders and anyone, anywhere, interested in the future of philanthropy and effective fundraising practices.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118417267
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 269
Book Description
A practical guide to the challenges and successes of global fundraising, written by an international team of highly respected philanthropy professionals and edited by two of the leading nonprofit thinkers, Global Fundraising is the first book to genuinely offer a global overview of philanthropy with an internationalist perspective. As the world becomes more interdependent, and economies struggle, global philanthropy continues to increase. More than that, nonprofits are taking up roles that have traditionally been filled by the government—including social welfare, healthcare, and human rights. Global Fundraising provides complete coverage of the implications of this growth for nonprofit culture and how it drives changes in fundraising practices. Organized into thematic chapters—a mixture of geographic and topical issues—it places North American philanthropy in a wider context It features a companion website with a variety of online tools and materials The book includes contributions by international leading experts Matt Ide, Mair Bosworth, Usha Menon, Anup Tiwari, Paula Guillet de Monthoux, Angela Cluff, Norma Galafassi, Mike Muchilwa, Tariq Cheema, Lu Bo and Nan Fang, Masataka Uo, Chris Carnie, Sean Triner, Andrea McManus, Marcelo Inniarra, Ashley Baldwin, Rebecca Mauger, YoungWoo Choi, R.F. Shangraw, Jr., Sudeshna Mukherjee, and Anca Zaharia. The book skillfully tracks how the world of fundraising is changing rapidly due to a number of factors including: continuing growth of great wealth; non-profit innovation emerging everywhere; growth of indigenous NGOs; increased professionalism in fundraising; and the value and role of new and social technologies. Written by a team of philanthropy leaders, Global Fundraising offers timely coverage of fundraising around the world. A must-have for INGO leaders and anyone, anywhere, interested in the future of philanthropy and effective fundraising practices.
Performance Management in Nonprofit Organizations
Author: Zahirul Hoque
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317658418
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 537
Book Description
With increased competition for external funding, technological advancement, and public expectations for transparency, not-for-profit and non-governmental organizations are facing new challenges and pressures. While research has explored the roles of accounting, accountability, and performance management in nonprofit organizations, we still lack evidence on the best practices these organizations implement in the areas of accountability and performance management. This book collects and presents that evidence for the first time, offering insights to help nonprofits face these new challenges head-on. Performance Management in Nonprofit Organizations focuses on both conventional and contemporary issues facing nonprofits, presenting evidence-based insights from leading scholars in the field. Chapters examine the design, implementation, and working of accounting, accountability, governance, and performance management measures, providing both retrospective and contemporary views, as well as critical commentaries on accounting and performance related issues in nonprofit organizations The book's contributors also offer critical commentaries on the changing role of accounting and performance management in this sector. This research-based collection is an interesting and useful read for academics, practitioners, students, and consultants in nonprofit organizations, and is highly accessible to accounting and non-accounting audiences alike.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317658418
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 537
Book Description
With increased competition for external funding, technological advancement, and public expectations for transparency, not-for-profit and non-governmental organizations are facing new challenges and pressures. While research has explored the roles of accounting, accountability, and performance management in nonprofit organizations, we still lack evidence on the best practices these organizations implement in the areas of accountability and performance management. This book collects and presents that evidence for the first time, offering insights to help nonprofits face these new challenges head-on. Performance Management in Nonprofit Organizations focuses on both conventional and contemporary issues facing nonprofits, presenting evidence-based insights from leading scholars in the field. Chapters examine the design, implementation, and working of accounting, accountability, governance, and performance management measures, providing both retrospective and contemporary views, as well as critical commentaries on accounting and performance related issues in nonprofit organizations The book's contributors also offer critical commentaries on the changing role of accounting and performance management in this sector. This research-based collection is an interesting and useful read for academics, practitioners, students, and consultants in nonprofit organizations, and is highly accessible to accounting and non-accounting audiences alike.
Handbook of Research on the Changing Role of College and University Leadership
Author: Miller, Michael T.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799865614
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 383
Book Description
Higher education has changed significantly over the past 50 years, and the individuals who provide leadership for these institutions has similarly changed. The pathway to the college presidency, once the domain of academic administration, has diversified as an increasing number of development officers, student affairs and enrollment management professionals, and even politicians have become common in the role. It is important to understand who the presidents are in the current environment and the challenges they face. Challenges such as dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, enrollment shortfalls, Title IX, and athletic scandals have risen to the forefront and have contributed to the issues and role of college and university leadership. The Handbook of Research on the Changing Role of College and University Leadership provides important research on the topic of college and university leadership, especially focusing on the changing role of the college president. The chapters discuss college leadership as it is now and how it will evolve into the future. Topics included are the role of the president at various types of universities, their involvement within university functions and activities, and the duties they must carry out and challenges they face. This book is ideal for professionals and researchers working in higher education, including faculty members who specialize in education, public administration, the social sciences, and management, along with teachers, administrators, teacher educators, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in college and university leadership and how this role is transforming.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799865614
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 383
Book Description
Higher education has changed significantly over the past 50 years, and the individuals who provide leadership for these institutions has similarly changed. The pathway to the college presidency, once the domain of academic administration, has diversified as an increasing number of development officers, student affairs and enrollment management professionals, and even politicians have become common in the role. It is important to understand who the presidents are in the current environment and the challenges they face. Challenges such as dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, enrollment shortfalls, Title IX, and athletic scandals have risen to the forefront and have contributed to the issues and role of college and university leadership. The Handbook of Research on the Changing Role of College and University Leadership provides important research on the topic of college and university leadership, especially focusing on the changing role of the college president. The chapters discuss college leadership as it is now and how it will evolve into the future. Topics included are the role of the president at various types of universities, their involvement within university functions and activities, and the duties they must carry out and challenges they face. This book is ideal for professionals and researchers working in higher education, including faculty members who specialize in education, public administration, the social sciences, and management, along with teachers, administrators, teacher educators, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in college and university leadership and how this role is transforming.
Achieving Excellence in Fundraising
Author: Eugene R. Tempel
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118853822
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 610
Book Description
Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is the go-to reference for fundraising principles, concepts, and techniques. With comprehensive guidance toward the fundraising role, this book reflects the latest advances in fundraising knowledge. Coverage includes evolving technologies, the importance of high net worth donors, global fundraising perspectives, results analysis and performance evaluation, accountability, and credentialing, with contributions from noted experts in the field. You'll gain essential insight into the practice of fundraising and the fundraising cycle, reinforced by ancillary discussion questions, case studies, and additional readings. With contributions from members of The Fund Raising School and the faculty of Indiana University's Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, this new edition includes detailed guidance on nonprofit accounting practices as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, rounding out the complete, thorough coverage of the fundraising profession. Designed to provide both theory and practical knowledge, this book is an all-in-one resource for anyone who performs fundraising duties. Understand donor dynamics and craft an institutional development plan Explore essential marketing and solicitation techniques Learn effective volunteer recruitment, retention, and management strategies Fundraising merges a variety of fields including psychology, business management, accounting, and marketing, making it a unique role that requires a uniquely well rounded yet focused skillset. Amidst economic uncertainty and a widening wealth gap the world over, it's more important than ever for fundraisers to have a firm grasp on the tools at their disposal. Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is the ultimate guide to succeeding in this critical role.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118853822
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 610
Book Description
Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is the go-to reference for fundraising principles, concepts, and techniques. With comprehensive guidance toward the fundraising role, this book reflects the latest advances in fundraising knowledge. Coverage includes evolving technologies, the importance of high net worth donors, global fundraising perspectives, results analysis and performance evaluation, accountability, and credentialing, with contributions from noted experts in the field. You'll gain essential insight into the practice of fundraising and the fundraising cycle, reinforced by ancillary discussion questions, case studies, and additional readings. With contributions from members of The Fund Raising School and the faculty of Indiana University's Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, this new edition includes detailed guidance on nonprofit accounting practices as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, rounding out the complete, thorough coverage of the fundraising profession. Designed to provide both theory and practical knowledge, this book is an all-in-one resource for anyone who performs fundraising duties. Understand donor dynamics and craft an institutional development plan Explore essential marketing and solicitation techniques Learn effective volunteer recruitment, retention, and management strategies Fundraising merges a variety of fields including psychology, business management, accounting, and marketing, making it a unique role that requires a uniquely well rounded yet focused skillset. Amidst economic uncertainty and a widening wealth gap the world over, it's more important than ever for fundraisers to have a firm grasp on the tools at their disposal. Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is the ultimate guide to succeeding in this critical role.
Global Perspectives on Media Events in Contemporary Society
Author: Fox, Andrew
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 146669968X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
Media events have been described as broadcasts that involve an engaged audience viewing the same event simultaneously; though this definition is still relevant, the way media outlets interact with and react to their audiences has greatly changed. This is in part due to the emergence of social media platforms which allow a participatory audience, something that genre-specific television channels now rely on. Because these genre-specific, 24-hour channels seek to hook viewers with hyperbolic presentation and the illusion of large media events, the original definition must be adapted. Global Perspectives on Media Events in Contemporary Society seeks to re-define the role of the media in relaying information about current events within a modern context. Determining what constitutes as and the proper presentation of a media event is of great importance given the ubiquity of media consumption. This book approaches the topic from historical, ceremonial, and globally cultural perspectives while addressing news, sports, and other significant current events. It is a vital resource for students and teachers of communication, media, and journalism, professionals in the media industry, policy makers, and sociologists.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 146669968X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
Media events have been described as broadcasts that involve an engaged audience viewing the same event simultaneously; though this definition is still relevant, the way media outlets interact with and react to their audiences has greatly changed. This is in part due to the emergence of social media platforms which allow a participatory audience, something that genre-specific television channels now rely on. Because these genre-specific, 24-hour channels seek to hook viewers with hyperbolic presentation and the illusion of large media events, the original definition must be adapted. Global Perspectives on Media Events in Contemporary Society seeks to re-define the role of the media in relaying information about current events within a modern context. Determining what constitutes as and the proper presentation of a media event is of great importance given the ubiquity of media consumption. This book approaches the topic from historical, ceremonial, and globally cultural perspectives while addressing news, sports, and other significant current events. It is a vital resource for students and teachers of communication, media, and journalism, professionals in the media industry, policy makers, and sociologists.
Philanthropy in Education
Author: Natasha Y. Ridge
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1789904129
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 231
Book Description
Challenging commonly held perceptions of philanthropic organisations, this book brings together a range of interdisciplinary contributors from across the globe to explore the most pressing issues facing those working in and with philanthropy and education. It focuses on the increasing influence of new philanthropic actors on the global education sector, offering a thorough insight into the topic.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1789904129
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 231
Book Description
Challenging commonly held perceptions of philanthropic organisations, this book brings together a range of interdisciplinary contributors from across the globe to explore the most pressing issues facing those working in and with philanthropy and education. It focuses on the increasing influence of new philanthropic actors on the global education sector, offering a thorough insight into the topic.
Fundraising
Author: Michael J. Worth
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1483393569
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 505
Book Description
Fundraising: Principles and Practice provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to fundraising. Taking a balanced perspective, bestselling author Michael J. Worth offers insights on the practical application of relevant theory. The text is designed to engage readers in thinking critically about issues in fundraising and philanthropy to prepare them for careers in the nonprofit sector. Worth explores donor motivations and fundraising techniques for annual giving programs, major gift programs, planned giving, and corporate and foundation giving and campaigns. Traditional methods, including direct mail and personal solicitations, are discussed as well as new tools and practices, including online fundraising, crowd-funding and social networks, analytics, and predictive modeling. Written specifically for nonprofit career-oriented individuals, this book helps readers become successful fundraisers.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1483393569
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 505
Book Description
Fundraising: Principles and Practice provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to fundraising. Taking a balanced perspective, bestselling author Michael J. Worth offers insights on the practical application of relevant theory. The text is designed to engage readers in thinking critically about issues in fundraising and philanthropy to prepare them for careers in the nonprofit sector. Worth explores donor motivations and fundraising techniques for annual giving programs, major gift programs, planned giving, and corporate and foundation giving and campaigns. Traditional methods, including direct mail and personal solicitations, are discussed as well as new tools and practices, including online fundraising, crowd-funding and social networks, analytics, and predictive modeling. Written specifically for nonprofit career-oriented individuals, this book helps readers become successful fundraisers.
Achieving Excellence in Fundraising
Author: Genevieve G. Shaker
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119763762
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 576
Book Description
Strategies and concepts for mission-based fundraising From the world’s first school of philanthropy, Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is the leading fundraising textbook based on research and steeped in practical expertise. It has long been the go-to reference for fundraising principles, concepts, and techniques. Topics include donor motivations and behaviors, engaging donors at all levels, inclusive and ethical fundraising, and more, with contributions from noted experts in the field. You’ll gain insight into the practice of fundraising and the fundraising cycle, reinforced by discussion questions, application exercises, and research-based recommendations. This 5th edition of Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is reimagined to meet the needs of today’s fundraisers, their nonprofit employers, and the causes they serve, while maintaining key concepts that stand the test of time. Compelling and timely topics new to this edition include donor-advised funds, crowdfunding, raising money in challenging times, fundraising for social advocacy, and more. The needs of fundraising educators are also a central consideration in the book’s organization and contents. Discover why Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is the leading textbook and reference in the field! Learn the key principles and techniques of philanthropic fundraising, from the experts at the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy Consider today’s most pressing issues in fundraising—using research and data to inform practice, engaging a diversity of donors, expressing gratitude effectively, and much more Utilize research-based fundraising strategies to enhance the success of your organization’s efforts and to achieve your professional goals Chapters are written by faculty, alumni, and associates of the prestigious Lilly Family School of Philanthropy. The newest edition of this trusted work is an essential source of information for anyone in the fundraising space.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119763762
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 576
Book Description
Strategies and concepts for mission-based fundraising From the world’s first school of philanthropy, Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is the leading fundraising textbook based on research and steeped in practical expertise. It has long been the go-to reference for fundraising principles, concepts, and techniques. Topics include donor motivations and behaviors, engaging donors at all levels, inclusive and ethical fundraising, and more, with contributions from noted experts in the field. You’ll gain insight into the practice of fundraising and the fundraising cycle, reinforced by discussion questions, application exercises, and research-based recommendations. This 5th edition of Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is reimagined to meet the needs of today’s fundraisers, their nonprofit employers, and the causes they serve, while maintaining key concepts that stand the test of time. Compelling and timely topics new to this edition include donor-advised funds, crowdfunding, raising money in challenging times, fundraising for social advocacy, and more. The needs of fundraising educators are also a central consideration in the book’s organization and contents. Discover why Achieving Excellence in Fundraising is the leading textbook and reference in the field! Learn the key principles and techniques of philanthropic fundraising, from the experts at the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy Consider today’s most pressing issues in fundraising—using research and data to inform practice, engaging a diversity of donors, expressing gratitude effectively, and much more Utilize research-based fundraising strategies to enhance the success of your organization’s efforts and to achieve your professional goals Chapters are written by faculty, alumni, and associates of the prestigious Lilly Family School of Philanthropy. The newest edition of this trusted work is an essential source of information for anyone in the fundraising space.
Public Garden Management: a Global Perspective
Author: Bijan Dehgan
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1493161830
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
Public Gardens Management: A Global Perspective provides essential information about public gardens and what is involved in designing, managing, and maintaining one. Although suitable as a textbook, its audience will include anyone with direct or peripheral responsibility for administration or supervision of a complex organization that requires scientific knowledge as well as public relations and business acumen. It may also prove useful for homeowners, for there is no fundamental difference between growing plants in a public garden or a home garden, a fact reflected in the extensive reference citations. The topic is multidisciplinary and as old as the beginning of human civilization when the concept of mental and physical restoration was realized by early man while he/she was in a natural but well-ordered garden environment. Thus began the art of garden making. Many volumes have been written on every applicable subject discussed in this and similar publications. Indeed the voluminous literature on history, design, horticulture, and numerous related subjects is nothing short of overwhelming. Accordingly, anyone involved in management of public gardens, whether as a director or area supervisor, and irrespective of the type and size of such facility, would have to have familiarity with various aspects of garden organization and administration. However, despite the enormous number and diversity of such publications there are very few books that deal with the multiplicity of the topics in such a manner as to be practical in approach and cover most relevant and unified issues in a single book. These volumes provide the essential background information on plants, animals, management, maintenance, fundraising and finances, as well as history, art, design, education, and conservation. They also cover a host of interrelated subjects and responsible organization of such activities as creating a childrens garden, horticultural therapy, conservatories, zoological gardens, and parks, hence, administration of multidimensional public gardens. Nearly 500 full color plates representing illustrations from gardens in more than 30 countries are provided to assist and guide students and other interested individuals with history and the fundamental issues of public garden management. The 15 chapters begin with the need for public gardens, types of public gardens, historical backgrounds, as well as design diversity. Numerous quotations are included from many garden lovers, landscape architects, philosophers, and others. The authors primary aim in writing this book was based on the confidence that a relevant reference, between the encyclopedic nature of some and the specific subject matter of others, could be used to provide fundamental information for management of public as well as private gardens. The boundary between botanical and zoological gardens and parks is no longer as distinct as it once was. In part it is because a garden is not a garden without plants and in part it has become apparent that for all practical intents and purposes all animals need plants for their survival. Visitors of zoological gardens expect to see more than just animals; zoos are landscaped grounds. Moreover, most communities find it financially difficult to simultaneously operate a botanical garden or an arboretum as well as a zoological garden and city parks. A number of public gardens are currently referred to as botanical and zoological garden. Population density and the publics desires and expectations, as well as financial requirements, are among the reasons for some major city parks, such as Golden Gate in San Francisco, Central Park in New York City, and Lincoln Park in Chicago which integrate botanical or zoological divisions as well as museums and recreational facilities. While this book attempts to provide basic principles involved in public garden management, it does not claim to be a substitute for broader familiarity
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1493161830
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
Public Gardens Management: A Global Perspective provides essential information about public gardens and what is involved in designing, managing, and maintaining one. Although suitable as a textbook, its audience will include anyone with direct or peripheral responsibility for administration or supervision of a complex organization that requires scientific knowledge as well as public relations and business acumen. It may also prove useful for homeowners, for there is no fundamental difference between growing plants in a public garden or a home garden, a fact reflected in the extensive reference citations. The topic is multidisciplinary and as old as the beginning of human civilization when the concept of mental and physical restoration was realized by early man while he/she was in a natural but well-ordered garden environment. Thus began the art of garden making. Many volumes have been written on every applicable subject discussed in this and similar publications. Indeed the voluminous literature on history, design, horticulture, and numerous related subjects is nothing short of overwhelming. Accordingly, anyone involved in management of public gardens, whether as a director or area supervisor, and irrespective of the type and size of such facility, would have to have familiarity with various aspects of garden organization and administration. However, despite the enormous number and diversity of such publications there are very few books that deal with the multiplicity of the topics in such a manner as to be practical in approach and cover most relevant and unified issues in a single book. These volumes provide the essential background information on plants, animals, management, maintenance, fundraising and finances, as well as history, art, design, education, and conservation. They also cover a host of interrelated subjects and responsible organization of such activities as creating a childrens garden, horticultural therapy, conservatories, zoological gardens, and parks, hence, administration of multidimensional public gardens. Nearly 500 full color plates representing illustrations from gardens in more than 30 countries are provided to assist and guide students and other interested individuals with history and the fundamental issues of public garden management. The 15 chapters begin with the need for public gardens, types of public gardens, historical backgrounds, as well as design diversity. Numerous quotations are included from many garden lovers, landscape architects, philosophers, and others. The authors primary aim in writing this book was based on the confidence that a relevant reference, between the encyclopedic nature of some and the specific subject matter of others, could be used to provide fundamental information for management of public as well as private gardens. The boundary between botanical and zoological gardens and parks is no longer as distinct as it once was. In part it is because a garden is not a garden without plants and in part it has become apparent that for all practical intents and purposes all animals need plants for their survival. Visitors of zoological gardens expect to see more than just animals; zoos are landscaped grounds. Moreover, most communities find it financially difficult to simultaneously operate a botanical garden or an arboretum as well as a zoological garden and city parks. A number of public gardens are currently referred to as botanical and zoological garden. Population density and the publics desires and expectations, as well as financial requirements, are among the reasons for some major city parks, such as Golden Gate in San Francisco, Central Park in New York City, and Lincoln Park in Chicago which integrate botanical or zoological divisions as well as museums and recreational facilities. While this book attempts to provide basic principles involved in public garden management, it does not claim to be a substitute for broader familiarity