Author: Thomas Christoph Eng Fuk Irawan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783939533689
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 239

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Author: Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642571697
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 315

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Book Description
Due to the interaction with the contact medium, the properties of clusters may change or even disappear. Thus the physics of cluster-on-surface systems -- the main subject of this book -- is of fundamental importance. The book addresses a wide audience, from the newcomer to the expert. Starting from fundamental concepts of adsorbate-surface interactions, the modification of electronic properties through electron confinement, and concepts of cluster production, it elucidates the distinct properties of the new metallic nanostructures.

Author: Uwe Kreibig
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662091097
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 552

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Book Description
Optical Properties of Metal Clusters deals with the electronic structure of metal clusters determined optically. Clusters - as state intermediate between molecules and the extended solid - are important in many areas, e.g. in air pollution, interstellar matter, clay minerals, photography, heterogeneous catalysis, quantum dots, and virus crystals. This book extends the approaches of optical molecular and solid-state methods to clusters, revealing how their optical properties evolve as a function of size. Cluster matter, i.e. extended systems of many clusters - the most frequently occuring form - is also treated. The combination of reviews of experimental techniques, lists of results and detailed descriptions of selected experiments will appeal to experts, newcomers and graduate students in this expanding field.

Author: Pritha Gangopadhyay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Metal cluster studies have been an active area of research for more than three decades. A major thrust of the metal cluster studies is towards the area of supported, size-selected metal clusters. We have developed an improved source which can generate greater intensities of stable cluster ions. The source is based on the laser vaporization technique and uses the 532 nm radiation from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Mass selection is achieved using a Wien (E x B) filter. An electron gun, incorporated in such a way as to intercept the laser vaporized cluster ions, has been successful in creating a larger intensity of the cluster ions which has made our surface studies easier and quicker. Niobium, cobalt and manganese clusters have been successfully generated and size selected. A UHV chamber for depositing the clusters on a suitable substrate and then transferring them under vacuum to a surface analysis apparatus has been assembled for characterization of the supported clusters. The surface studies show us some interesting characteristics as far as the small clusters of niobium are concerned. We have been able to get a qualitative picture of the nature of binding of small Nb clusters (monomers through hexamers) to Ni(110) as a substrate through thermal desorption studies of CO on bare Ni(110) and cluster coated Ni(110) surfaces.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789462591196
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: P. Jena
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475703570
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 932

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Book Description
Recent advances in experimental techniques now enable researchers to produce in a laboratory clusters of atoms of desired composition from any of the elements of the periodic table. This has created a new area of research into novel materials since clusters cannot be regarded either as a "large" molecule or as a fragment of the bulk. Both experimental and theoretical studies are revealing unusual properties that are not ob served in solid state environments. The structures of micro-clusters are found to be significantly distorted from the most symmetric arrangement, some even exhibiting pentagonal symmetry commonly found in icosahedric structures. The unusual stability of certain clusters, now described as "magic number species", shows striking similarities with the nuclear shell structure. The relative stabilities of clusters depend not only on the composition of the clusters but also on their charged states. The studies on spontaneous fragmentation of mUltiply charged clusters, commonly referred to as Coulomb explosion, illustrate the role of electronic bonding mechanisms on stability of clusters. The effect of foreign atoms on geometry and stability of clusters and the interaction of gas atoms with clusters are showing promise for an indepth understanding of chemisorption and catalysis. The magnetic and optical properties are dependent not only on cluster size but also on its geometry. These findings have the potential for aiding industry in the area of micro-electronics and catalysis.

Author: Zhixun Luo
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811597049
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 267

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Book Description
This book discusses current techniques and instrumentation for cluster chemistry. It addresses both the experimental and theoretical aspects of gas-phase metal cluster reactivities, especially those pertaining to pollution removal, energetic reactions and corrosion and anticorrosion. These metal cluster systems have attracted enormous interest as they display a completely new class of physical, chemical, electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties. As these properties change with size and composition, it can thus be understood how their nature evolves from atoms to bulk solids. The book offers readers a basic understanding of the structural chemistry and reactivity of metal clusters in both gas-phase and wet chemistry. Further, the lessons they learn here regarding metal cluster chemistry will prepare researchers for the study of condensed phase dynamics that pertain to wet chemical synthesis, soft-landing deposition and cluster assembly.

Author: A. Kiejna
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080536344
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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Book Description
During the last thirty years metal surface physics, or generally surface science, has come a long way due to the development of vacuum technology and the new surface sensitive probes on the experimental side and new methods and powerful computational techniques on the theoretical side. The aim of this book is to introduce the reader to the essential theoretical aspects of the atomic and electronic structure of metal surfaces and interfaces. The book gives some theoretical background to students of experimental and theoretical physics to allow further exploration into research in metal surface physics. The book consists of three parts. The first part is devoted to classical description of geometry and structure of metal crystals and their surfaces and surface thermodynamics including properties of small metallic particles. Part two deals with quantum-mechanical description of electronic properties of simple metals. It starts from the free electron gas description and introduces the many body effects in the framework of the density functional theory, in order to discuss the basic surface electronic properties of simple metals. This part outlines also properties of alloy surfaces, the quantum size effect and small metal clusters. Part three gives a succinct description of metal surfaces in contact with foreign atoms and surfaces. It treats the work function changes due to alkali metal adsorption on metals, adhesion between metals and discusses the universal aspects of the binding energy curves. In each case extensive reference lists are provided.

Author: Tamotsu Kondow
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9810238932
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 293

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Book Description
The cluster which is an ensemble of two thousands of atoms or molecules, has emerged as a completely new class of materials at the frontier of materials science. The frontier of cluster science extends so rapidly that the map of the science is renewed day by day. In order to provide basic knowledge and recent information on this growing field, 14 world-renowned scientists who are actively involved experimentally and theoretically in cluster science have written this book, which is concise, comprehensive, suitable for students at both the undergraduate and the graduate level, as well as people who work outside cluster science.

Author: R.M. Lambert
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401589119
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 534

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Book Description
Heterogeneous catalysis provides the backbone of the world's chemical and oil industries. The innate complexity of practical catalytic systems suggests that useful progress should be achievable by investigating key aspects of catalysis by experimental studies on idealised model systems. Thin films and supported clusters are two promising types of model system that can be used for this purpose, since they mimic important aspects of the properties of practical dispersed catalysts. Similarly, appropriate theoretical studies of chemisorption and surface reaction clusters or extended slab systems can provide valuable information on the factors that underlie bonding and catalytic activity. This volume describes such experimental and theoretical approaches to the surface chemistry and catalytic behaviour of metals, metal oxides and metal/metal oxide systems. An introduction to the principles and main themes of heterogeneous catalysis is followed by detailed accounts of the application of modern experimental and theoretical techniques to fundamental problems. The application of advanced experimental methods is complemented by a full description of theoretical procedures, including Hartree-Fock, density functional and similar techniques. The relative merits of the various approaches are considered and directions for future progress are indicated.