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Author: Antonella Zarra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 77
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Book Description
In the digital markets, thanks to a wider availability of data, firms are able to charge different prices according to customers' location and their guessed reservation prices. Geographic price discrimination is facilitated by geo-blocking, which prevents users in one country from accessing or buying on marketplaces in other countries. Geo-blocking creates barriers to the cross-border access to online contents and it is a source of concern for the European Union, as it hinders the goal of a Digital Single Market. This thesis aims at providing empirical evidence of geographic price discrimination due to geo-blocking and contributes to the ongoing debate on the issue with an extensive analysis of the phenomenon.
Author: Antonella Zarra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 77
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Book Description
In the digital markets, thanks to a wider availability of data, firms are able to charge different prices according to customers' location and their guessed reservation prices. Geographic price discrimination is facilitated by geo-blocking, which prevents users in one country from accessing or buying on marketplaces in other countries. Geo-blocking creates barriers to the cross-border access to online contents and it is a source of concern for the European Union, as it hinders the goal of a Digital Single Market. This thesis aims at providing empirical evidence of geographic price discrimination due to geo-blocking and contributes to the ongoing debate on the issue with an extensive analysis of the phenomenon.
Author: Marketa Trimble
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1803923873
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 479
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Book Description
This Commentary analyses the history, technology, uses, legality, and circumvention of geo-blocking, which affects customers and businesses both inside and outside the EU. Marketa Trimble examines each of the provisions of the 2018 EU Geo-Blocking Regulation, including provisions on non-discriminatory access to online interfaces, goods and services, and means of payment.
Author: Petr Szczepanik
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030448509
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
This is an open access book. Media industry research and EU policymaking are predominantly tailored to large (and, in the latter case, Western) European markets. This open access book addresses the specific qualities of smaller media markets, highlighting their vulnerability to global digital competition and outlining survival strategies for them. New online distribution models and new trends in the consumption of audiovisual content are limited by, and pose new challenges for, existing audiovisual business models and their legal framework in the EU. The European Commission’s Digital Single Market (DSM) strategy, which was intended e.g. to remove obstacles to the cross-border distribution of audiovisual content, has triggered a heated debate on the transformation of the existing ecosystem for European screen industries. While most current discussions focus on the United States, Western Europe, and the multinational giants, this book approaches these industry trends and policy questions from the perspective of relatively small and peripheral (in terms of their population, language, cross-border cultural flows, and financial and/or symbolic capital) media markets.
Author: Adina Claici
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403532440
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Vertical agreements between undertakings at the various levels of a supply chain have long been seen as a fundamental focus for antitrust legislation, such as the European Union’s Vertical Block Exemption Regulation (VBER). It goes without saying that such issues are particularly prevalent in digital markets. This authoritative commentary analyses the main restrictions in vertical agreements, emphasising the numerous new and contentious issues arising in the context of Internet distribution. It offers both legal and economic perspectives, as well as examines enforcement and possible changes to the legislation. The contributors – leading competition authority officials, lawyers, economists, and academics – provide in-depth discussions of topics that have emerged as areas for conscious policy choices, including the following: restrictions of online sales; price parity obligations; resale price maintenance; the duration of non-compete obligations; sustainability agreements; geo-blocking practices; and restraint of trade in pharmaceuticals. The contributions have emerged from the 2020 conference of the Global Competition Law Centre at the College of Europe in the context of the currently ongoing review of the VBER and vertical guidelines. With its multidisciplinary approach highlighting the efficiencies and harms caused by the restrictions at stake, this important book clearly shows how law and practice apply to specific issues relating to digital markets and how the law is likely to change in the near future. It will be of immeasurable value to lawyers and officials concerned with European competition law and academics in the field.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276189442
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The 2019 Mystery Shopping Survey on territorial restrictions and geo-blocking in the European Digital Single Market (MSS 2019) analyses the occurrence of geoblocking practices and other sales-limiting practices linked to the territorial location of cross-border shoppers that are used by e-commerce websites in the former EU28. The European Commission has since 2015 developed actions to improve cross-border sales opportunities for consumers and businesses. The Geo-blocking Regulation (EU) 2018/302 (GBR) addressed the issue of unjustified "geo-blocking" and other forms of discrimination based on customers' nationality, place of residence or place of establishment within the EU's internal market. The present study was commissioned within the context of the European Commission's activities for the first-short term review of the GBR, with a view to monitor the first implementation of the Regulation, and its first contribution to the functioning of the internal market. Unjustified geoblocking and discrimination pursuant to the GBR can occur at several points in the cross-border shopping process. Other sales limiting practices may also have an impact on cross-border sales. The present study distinguishes the following phases, and analyses geoblocking and sales-limiting practices in each of them: access to a website; availability of products; registration; delivery to the shopper's country; price differences and payment. Throughout this process, there are several instances in which a cross-border shopper may not be able to proceed in the same way as a domestic shopper would do. In order to identify such practices and analyse the potential impact of the GBR on their frequency, the results of the present study were compared with the results from the 2015 Mystery Shopping Survey on territorial restrictions and geo-blocking in the European Digital Single Market, which was conducted using the same methodology.
Author: Pieter Jan Kuijper
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041154124
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 1456
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Book Description
The Law of the European Union is a complete reference work on all aspects of the law of the European Union, including the institutional framework, the Internal Market, Economic and Monetary Union and external policy and action. Completely revised and updated, with many newly written chapters, this fifth edition of the most thorough resource in its field provides the most comprehensive and systematic account available of the law of the European Union (EU). Written by a new team of experts in their respective areas of European law, its coverage incorporates and embraces many current, controversial, and emerging issues and provides detailed attention to historical development and legislative history of EU law. Topics that are constantly debated in European legal analysis and practice are touched on in ways that are both fundamental and enlightening, including the following: .powers and functions of the EU law institutions and relationship among them; .the principles of equality, loyalty, subsidiarity, and proportionality; .free movement of persons, goods, services, and capital; .mechanisms of constitutional change – treaty revisions, accession treaties, withdrawal agreements; .budgetary principles and procedures; .State aid rules; .effect of Union law in national legal systems; .coexistence of EU, European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), and national fundamental rights law; .migration and asylum law; .liability of Member States for damage suffered by individuals; .competition law – cartels, abuse of dominant position, merger control; .social policy, equal pay, and equal treatment; .environmental policy, consumer protection, public health, cultural policy, education, and tourism; .nature of EU citizenship, its acquisition, and loss; and .law and policy of the EU’s external relations. The fifth edition embraces many new, ongoing, and emerging European legal issues. As in the previous editions, the presentation is notable for its attention to how the law relates to economic and political realities and how the various policy areas interact with each other and with the institutional framework. The many practitioners and scholars who have relied on the predecessors of this definitive work for years will welcome this extensively revised and updated edition. Those coming to the field for the first time will instantly recognize that they are in the presence of a masterwork that can always be turned to with profit and that helps in understanding the rationale underlying any EU law provision or principle.
Author: Néstor Duch-Brown
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
This study investigates the welfare impact of lifting geo-blocking restrictions to cross-border e-commerce in the EU, using a dataset for consumer electronics products in ten European countries for the period 2012-2105. We simulated two counterfactual scenarios where geo-blocking is either fully or only indirectly removed. This would allow consumers to arbitrage, taking advantage of price differences, and to expand product variety through imports. We computed the welfare effects, as changes in both consumer and producer surpluses. Finally, we extrapolated these partial results to all online sales in the EU28. The results indicate that both consumers and producers would gain from removing geo-blocking restrictions. Smaller countries would benefit comparatively more than larger countries.
Author: Antonio Manganelli
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303089388X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
This book illustrates the challenges that regulators and policy makers have faced in the transition from the ‘old’ network industries to the new digital ecosystem. It succinctly describes the evolution of digital economy, its main actors, notably global digital platforms, as well as its interactions, interdependences, and trade-offs. Eventually, it proposes insights about why public rules are needed, what kind of rules could be more effective, fair, and efficient, and who should pose and enforce them. The book is opened by an introduction, dealing with Digital Transformation, Big Techs, and Public Policies, which provides a general conceptual and thematic framework to the following analysis but could be also read as a stand-alone paper. The following chapters are grouped in two parts: I. The Evolution of Digital Markets and Digital Rights, and II. Regulating Big Tech’s Impact on Market and Society. The secondary title - the European approach – has a twofold meaning. It highlights the fact that this work has a clear focus on EU law and policy - although the economic and institutional issues addressed are global phenomena, common to all world’s economies. In addition, it also underlines that European digital policy is not yet complete and effective. This book intends to provide a small contribution to the ongoing policy making process, as well as to the wider academic and policy debate.
Author: Taina Pihlajarinne
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1788119908
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
The legal issues surrounding the online distribution of content have recently gained prominence due to the European Commission’s commitment to the Digital Single Market (DSM). This book is one of the first to provide highly topical analysis of the key legal challenges surrounding the online distribution of content, with particular focus on intellectual property rights, competition law and the regulation of new technologies.
Author: Kalpana Tyagi
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1509969381
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
This open access book offers a comparative and inter-disciplinary perspective on the unique competition law challenges presented by the converged digital markets. Following the digitalisation of even the most traditional bricks-and-mortar sectors of the economy, a well-functioning internal market can only be guaranteed by ensuring the competitiveness of the digital markets. What role do intellectual property law and competition law play in this digital world? How can a more economic analysis strengthen innovation policies to achieve a truly competitive digital single market? The book provides a rigorous discussion of the many reasons why the regulatory responses, not just in Europe but in other jurisdictions too, may fall short. It addresses an array of procedural, substantive and other issues that are generating intense debate across the antitrust community. This includes the scope and objectives of digital regulation, whether the application of ex-ante rules would result in fragmentation and inconsistencies, and whether such regulatory regimes are an appropriate tool for substantive assessment. The book explores whether the application of these rules would effectively tackle the competition enforcement challenges seen under the competition laws, whether they can be applied without undermining other rights such as privacy, and whether they are appropriate for this digital age as well as the new digital era ahead of us. Part 1 offers a detailed inter-disciplinary perspective on the most recent legislative solutions in the European Union, namely, the Digital Services Act, the Digital Markets Act, and the Data Act. Part 2 offers competition and regulatory responses to these ever-emerging digital challenges by the UK, Latin American, Indian and Chinese regulators. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.
