Genomic Basis of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence in Acinetobacter PDF Download
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Author: Santiago Castillo Ramírez
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288966824X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
Author: Santiago Castillo Ramírez
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288966824X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309030447
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
Author: Jeffrey Griffiths
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012381507X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 504
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Book Description
Emerging infectious diseases may be defined as diseases being caused by pathogens only recently recognized to exist. This group of diseases is important globally, and the experience of the last 30 years suggests that new emerging diseases are likely to bedevil us. As the global climate changes, so changes the environment, which can support not only the pathogens, but also their vectors of transmission. This expands the exposure and effects of infectious disease and, therefore, the importance of widespread understanding of the relationship between public health and infectious disease. Public Health and Infectious Diseases brings together chapters that explain reasons for the emergence of these infectious diseases. These include the ecological context of human interactions with other humans, with animals that may host human pathogens, and with a changing agricultural and industrial environment, increasing resistance to antimicrobials, the ubiquity of global travel, and international commerce. - Features the latest discoveries related to influenza with a newly published article by Davidson Hamer and Jean van Seventer - Provides a listing of rare diseases that have become resurgent or spread their geographic distribution and are re-emergent - Highlights dengue and malaria, as well as agents such as West Nile and other arboviruses that have spread to new continents causing widespread concerns - Includes discussions of climate influencing the spread of infectious disease and political and societal aspects
Author: Raffaele Zarrilli
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832518389
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Author: Ghassan M. Matar
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288945469X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are among the most common non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). The treatment of infections caused by these bacteria is complicated due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance as the two species are noted for their intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents and their ability to acquire genetic elements that encode for resistance determinants. In both species, resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobial agents can seriously compromise the ability to treat infected patients, especially the immunocompromised. Consequently, very few antimicrobials remain as treatment options. Mechanisms of resistance in both of these pathogens include the production of β-lactamases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes as well as reduced or lack of expression of outer membrane proteins, mutations in topoisomerases, and up-regulation of efflux pumps. To that purpose, the findings of the studies included in this book deal with the prevalence of resistant isolates to various antimicrobial agents in both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, their underlying mechanisms of resistance, their virulence factors, their pathogenesis, and prospective treatment options. Special thanks are due to Mr. Bassam El-Hafi for facilitating procedures involved in this publication.
Author: Pawuththuwadura Malaka Pulinda De Silva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Acinetobacter baumannii is a notorious pathogen in health- care settings around the world, primarily due to its reduced susceptibility to antibiotics. A. baumanniiIt also shows impressive capabilities to adapt to harsh conditions in clinical settings, which contributes to its persistence in such conditions. Following their traditional role, the Two Component Systems (TCSs) present in A. baumannii play a crucial role in sensing and adapting to the changing environmental conditions. Out of the TCSs present in A. baumannii, AdeRS TCS has been shown to modulate a key RND efflux pump, AdeABC which can result in antibiotic resistance. In-frame deletion of adeRS resulted in reduced expression of AdeB as demonstrated previously confirming the regulatory role of AdeRS in expression of AdeABC. DFurther, deletion of adeRS affected biofilm formation and motility of A. baumannii demonstrating the multi-faceted nature of regulatory networks controlled by AdeRS. Interestingly, the adeRS deletion mutant was sensitive to saline stress and surface associated motility was adversely affected at higher NaCl concentrations suggesting that AdeRS could be a part of salinity stress adaptation in A. baumannii. Investigations into the adaptation of A. baumannii to incubation temperatures of 28 ̊C and 37 ̊C revealed potentially clinically relevant phenotypic changes. Specifically, motility was reduced at 28 ̊C while biofilm formation significantly increased at 28 ̊C. Proteomic analysis showed an upregulation of 366 proteins and downregulation of 263 proteins at 28 ̊C. An uncharacterized orphan response regulator, A1S_2006 displayed significantly higher expression levels in a MDR A. baumannii clinical isolate AB030. A deletion mutant of A1S_2006 displayed decreased biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in Galleria mellonella model. However, deletion of A1S_2006 resulted in significantly higher attachment of A. baumannii in A549 cells. RNA-Seq analysis of the deletion mutant revealed upregulation of 116 genes and downregulation of 42 genes. Finally, to address the lack of molecular tools available for genetic manipulations of A. baumannii, a set of novel mini-Tn7 based vectors were created by using apramycin and zeocin resistance markers to rejuvenate the current mini-Tn7 based vectors. These can be used for genetic manipulations in clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to commonly used markers. These results show the role of environmental determinants in modulating clinically relevant characteristics of A. baumannii as well as adding new components to the molecular toolkit for A. baumannii.
Author: Jun Lin
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889195260
Category : Antibiotics
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
Antibiotics represent one of the most successful forms of therapy in medicine. But the efficiency of antibiotics is compromised by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antibiotic resistance, which is implicated in elevated morbidity and mortality rates as well as in the increased treatment costs, is considered to be one of the major global public health threats (www.who.int/drugresistance/en/) and the magnitude of the problem recently prompted a number of international and national bodies to take actions to protect the public (http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/docs/road-map-amr_en.pdf: http://www.who.int/drugresistance/amr_global_action_plan/en/; http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/carb_national_strategy.pdf). Understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria successfully defend themselves against the antibiotic assault represent the main theme of this eBook published as a Research Topic in Frontiers in Microbiology, section of Antimicrobials, Resistance, and Chemotherapy. The articles in the eBook update the reader on various aspects and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. A better understanding of these mechanisms should facilitate the development of means to potentiate the efficacy and increase the lifespan of antibiotics while minimizing the emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogens.
Author: Eugénie Bergogne-Bérézin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387779442
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
There is currently increasing interest concerning the biology and disease caused by Acinetobacter species. Such interest, however, developed relatively slowly because of the necessity to clarify the confusing taxonomy of these organisms. Much work was needed to identify various species as members of this genus, to recognize their epidemiologic profile, their pathogenic role and their increasing importance as multi-antibiotic resistant organisms. In recent years improvement of genetic approaches, recognition of plasmids, integrons and chromosomal sources of resistance mechanisms aroused interest on the role of Acinetobacters in disease by many microbiologists and clinicians, especially internists and infectious disease specialists. In this regard, physicians are frequently confronted with extremely difficult therapeutic approaches for treatment and prevention of severe nosocomial infections due to multi antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter. Moreover, recent observations of community acquired infections have been reported, especially in patients with various risk factors such as immuno-deficiencies. Also, it is now becoming evident that Acinetobacter infections occur frequently in violent situations such as earthquake or war zones. The mechanisms of Acinetobacter virulence are becoming increasingly clear, providing new insights into their pathogenic role in community acquired infections. It is apparent the time is appropriate for detailed review of the increasing knowledge concerning important new information, both clinical and therapeutic, especially information concerning virulence, resistance mechanisms and typing of Acinetobacter spp. Many new findings are accumulating in almost an exponential manner since publication of previous books on this subject in 1991 and 1996.
Author: Etienne Giraud
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288945181X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Multiple relationships exist between antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence, and the spread of clones combining multiple antibiotic resistance and a high virulence level is an increasing problem. It was previously described how mutation-driven or horizontally acquired resistance mechanisms can also have effects on virulence. It was also reported that mobile genetic elements often carry both resistance determinants and virulence-modulating genes, which favors the co-selection of both traits. In the present volume, we present a collection of articles which document additional aspects of the interactions between antimicrobial resistance and virulence in bacteria, and describe their potential therapeutic consequences.
Author: Hervé Tettelin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030382818
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book’s respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics.
