Author: Roger J. Wood
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN: 9780198505846
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
Before Mendel, who came closest to the truth about heredity? This book examines the activities of sheep breeders able to transform the appearance and qualities of their stock by combining different traits of body or wool into new patterns. Exploiting what were then untried procedures -individual trait selection, very close inbreeding and progeny testing - they demonstrated inheritance from both sexes and showed how it could be stabilised. Major advances in breeding are associated with the English farmer Robert Bakewell (1725-1795). By the following century, when the sameprocedures had been established at breeding centres in central Europe, theory as well as practice became the subject of wider attention. In the Brno Sheep Breeders' Society, discussions of patterns of heredity finally gave way to the physiological question, 'What is inherited and how?' The questionwas posed by Cyrill Napp, abbot of the monastery to which Mendel was admitted six years later.
Author: Roger J. Wood
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781383021172
Category : Merino sheep
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This title examines the activities of sheep breeders able to transform the appearance and qualities of their stock by combining different traits of body or wool into patterns.
Author: Margaret E. Derry
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 1442626526
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
Canadian historian Margaret Derry examines the evolution of modern animal breeding from the invention of improved breeding methods in 18th-century England to the application of molecular genetics in the 1980s and 1990s.
Author: Margaret Elsinor Derry
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 1442643951
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
Chickens are now the most scientifically engineered of livestock. How have the methods used by geneticists differed from those employed by domestic breeders over time? Art and Science in Breeding details the relationship between farm practices and agricultural genetics in poultry breeding from 1850 to 1960. Margaret E. Derry traces the history and organization of chicken breeding in North America, from craft approaches and breeding as an 'art,' to the conflicts that had emerged between traditional and scientific methods by the 1940s. Derry assesses links between the 'scientific' revolution of chicken farming and the development of corporate breeding as a modern, international industry. Using poultry as a case study for the wider narrative of agricultural genetics, Art and Science in Breeding adds considerable knowledge to a rapidly growing field of inquiry.
Author: Matthew L. Spangler
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 1071624601
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
This newly updated and revised volume of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology (ESST) details the role of Animal Breeding and Genetics in the sustainability of animal agriculture. The volume covers scientific principles and applications includes the current science used to advance cattle, poultry, swine,sheep, and equine populations, as well as the future role of techniques such as gene editing. International leaders in the field explain foundational concepts such as heritability, the covariance between relatives, statistical approaches to predicting the genetic merit of individuals, and the development and advancement of molecular techniques to elucidate changes in the DNA sequence that underly phenotypic variation. The use of genetic-based tools to improve animal agriculture and meet consumer demands across species is treated in detail. Readers will gain an understanding of how global livestock producers have implemented advanced genetic selection tools and used them to improve reproduction, production, efficiency, health, and sustainability. The interactions of genetics and production environments, and the genetic components of the complex interactions among animals are also discussed. The future of Animal Breeding and Genetics, including the challenges and opportunities that exist in feeding a growing world population, are addressed.
Author: Jean-Paul Gaudillière
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113433415X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
With the rise of genomics, the life sciences have entered a new era. This book provides a comprehensive history of mapping procedures as they were developed in classical genetics. An accompanying volume - From Molecular Genetics to Genomics - covers the history of molecular genetics and genomics. The book shows that the technology of genetic mapping is by no means a recent acquisition of molecular genetics or even genetic engineering. It demonstrates that the development of mapping technologies has accompanied the rise of modern genetics from its very beginnings. In Section One, Mendelian genetics is set in perspective from the viewpoint of the detection and description of linkage phenomena. Section Two addresses the role of mapping for the experimental working practice of classical geneticists, their social interactions and for the laboratory 'life worlds'. With detailed analyses of the scientific practices of mapping and its illustration of the diversity of mapping practices this book is a significant contibution to the history of genetics. A companion volume from the same editors - From Molecular Genetics to Genomics: The Mapping Cultures of Twentieth Century Genetics - covers the history of molecular genetics and genomics.
Author: Staffan Müller-Wille
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226545725
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
“Thought-provoking…any scientist interested in genetics will find this an enlightening look at the history of this field.”—Quarterly Review of Biology It was only around 1800 that heredity began to enter debates among physicians, breeders, and naturalists. Soon thereafter, it evolved into one of the most fundamental concepts of biology. Here, Staffan Muller-Wille and Hans-Jorg Rheinberger offer a succinct cultural history of the scientific concept of heredity. They outline the dramatic changes the idea has undergone since the early modern period and describe the political and technological developments that brought about these changes. They begin with an account of premodern theories of generation, showing that these were concerned with the procreation of individuals rather than with hereditary transmission, and reveal that when hereditarian thinking first emerged, it did so in a variety of cultural domains, such as politics and law, medicine, natural history, breeding, and anthropology. The authors then track theories of heredity from the late nineteenth century—when leading biologists considered it in light of growing societal concerns with race and eugenics—through the rise of classical and molecular genetics in the twentieth century, to today, as researchers apply sophisticated information technologies to understand heredity. What we come to see from this exquisite history is why it took such a long time for heredity to become a prominent concept in the life sciences, and why it gained such overwhelming importance in those sciences and the broader culture over the last two centuries.
Author: Dee Denver
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0197604587
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
"The Dharma in DNA has three objectives: 1) to share the rich but underappreciated history of biology-Buddhism intersections and surprising harmonies between the two traditions, 2) to evaluate Buddhist teachings from a scientific perspective using DNA as the focus of study, and 3) to propose a new approach to science, Bodhi Science, as an ethical and operational framework for conducting Buddhist wisdom-guided science and preventing pseudoscience. An interwoven side project examines the life journey of the author, a professor of genetics and father in a transracial adoptive family, who questions the apparent paradox of his fascination with DNA in the lab but disinterest in passing on his own DNA. Early book chapters present the core teachings and diversifications of Buddhism over the last twenty-five centuries. Subsequent chapters share stories of biology-Buddhism interactions, situated in the colonial contexts; examples derive from early 20th century Sri Lanka and Japan, and contemporary activities of the Dalai Lama and Western biological scholars. The hypothesis-guided analysis of Buddhist principles and DNA then begins, touring through classical genetic research alongside modern post-genomic insights. The investigation reveals strong support for three core Buddhist concepts - anitya (impermanence), anatman (non-self), and pratitysamutpada (mutual cause-and-effect) - as applied to DNA. Bodhi Science is proposed as a new mode of scientific inquiry rooted in Buddhist teachings. The approach is based on four qualities: selflessness, detachment, awareness, and compassion. Bodhi Science provides a path to strong science rooted in logic-based Buddhist ethics, and helps scientists avoid the deceptive and damaging waters of pseudoscience"--
Author: Rebecca J. H. Woods
Publisher: UNC Press Books
ISBN: 1469634678
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
As Britain industrialized in the early nineteenth century, animal breeders faced the need to convert livestock into products while maintaining the distinctive character of their breeds. Thus they transformed cattle and sheep adapted to regional environments into bulky, quick-fattening beasts. Exploring the environmental and economic ramifications of imperial expansion on colonial environments and production practices, Rebecca J. H. Woods traces how global physiological and ecological diversity eroded under the technological, economic, and cultural system that grew up around the production of livestock by the British Empire. Attending to the relationship between type and place and what it means to call a particular breed of livestock "native," Woods highlights the inherent tension between consumer expectations in the metropole and the ecological reality at the periphery. Based on extensive archival work in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia, this study illuminates the connections between the biological consequences and the politics of imperialism. In tracing both the national origins and imperial expansion of British breeds, Woods uncovers the processes that laid the foundation for our livestock industry today.
Author: Alison Bashford
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0195373146
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 607
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Book Description
Philippa Levine is the Mary Helen Thompson Centennial Professor in the Humanities at the University of Texas at Austin. Her books include Prostitution, Race and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire, and The British Empire, Sunrise to Sunset. --
