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Author: Elizabeth Graham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Food insecurity plagues individuals worldwide, even in those countries with a surplus in food supplies. Numerous studies show females are over-represented among the global food insecure population; a 2009 estimate reported 60% of undernourished people worldwide are women or girls. By asking individuals whether they are satisfied with their lives, underlying crises or hidden strengths can be understood. The primary objective of this study is to analyse whether gender is a global risk factor for experiencing food insecurity. The secondary objective is to explore the relationship between food insecurity and reported life satisfaction, and how that relationship may be more pronounced by gender. Through a collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, this study utilized data collected through the 2014 Gallup World Poll® (GWP) which included the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). The GWP is a nationally representative survey conducted annually in over 150 countries. Responses to the FIES (8 questions) comprised the food insecurity variable, with 0 affirmative responses denoting food security, and 1-8 affirmative responses denoting food insecurity. A single well-being question (adapted from Hadley Cantril's Self-Anchoring Striving Scale) comprised the life satisfaction variable, with possible answers ranged 0-10. Responses 4 or lower denoted "worse off" or low life satisfaction, versus 5-10 categorized "better off". Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 22, using the complex sample module. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were employed to understand which independent variables are related to life satisfaction, considering intensity and direction. Two multivariate logistic regression models were created; one to examine the likelihood of being food insecure based on gender, and another to examine the likelihood of reporting higher life satisfaction based on food security status and gender. Both models adjusted for age, marital status, income, education level, and country of residence. Cross-sectional data from 142 countries shows that, globally, 47.7% of population was food insecure, with nearly a third of the total sample (32.4%) categorized as "worse off" for life satisfaction. Women had higher odds for food insecurity than men in both unadjusted (OR: 1.14, 95% CI= 1.11-1.16), as well as adjusted models (OR: 1.04, 95% CI= 1.01-1.07). Food insecurity and life satisfaction were found significantly correlated, with those who were food insecure having significantly higher odds of perceiving low life satisfaction (OR: 3.25, 95% CI= 3.14-3.36). Furthermore, this analysis revealed for the first time on a global scale, that men are consistently less likely to report higher life satisfaction than their female counterparts (OR: 0.83, 95% CI= 0.81-0.86) when controlling for food insecurity, among other variables. Adjusting for independent variables, food insecure men, food insecure women, and food secure men had, respectively, 3.89, 3.31, and 1.24 times higher odds to report "worse off" life satisfaction when compared to food secure women. This research provides evidence of differing reports of overall life satisfaction between men and women who experience the same food (in)security status. This reinforces the need for re-structuring typical food-security programs (and other public services) and to measure individual well-being consequences which often precede physical consequences of food insecurity. This study supports implementing well-being and food insecurity assessments in unison, to understand how food insecurity in specific economic and social contexts varies. Continued research is necessary to explore why life satisfaction is viewed differently by men and women, what the consequences are then for those food insecure populations and what implications exist for policies aimed at improving food security." --
Author: Elizabeth Graham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
"Food insecurity plagues individuals worldwide, even in those countries with a surplus in food supplies. Numerous studies show females are over-represented among the global food insecure population; a 2009 estimate reported 60% of undernourished people worldwide are women or girls. By asking individuals whether they are satisfied with their lives, underlying crises or hidden strengths can be understood. The primary objective of this study is to analyse whether gender is a global risk factor for experiencing food insecurity. The secondary objective is to explore the relationship between food insecurity and reported life satisfaction, and how that relationship may be more pronounced by gender. Through a collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, this study utilized data collected through the 2014 Gallup World Poll® (GWP) which included the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). The GWP is a nationally representative survey conducted annually in over 150 countries. Responses to the FIES (8 questions) comprised the food insecurity variable, with 0 affirmative responses denoting food security, and 1-8 affirmative responses denoting food insecurity. A single well-being question (adapted from Hadley Cantril's Self-Anchoring Striving Scale) comprised the life satisfaction variable, with possible answers ranged 0-10. Responses 4 or lower denoted "worse off" or low life satisfaction, versus 5-10 categorized "better off". Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 22, using the complex sample module. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were employed to understand which independent variables are related to life satisfaction, considering intensity and direction. Two multivariate logistic regression models were created; one to examine the likelihood of being food insecure based on gender, and another to examine the likelihood of reporting higher life satisfaction based on food security status and gender. Both models adjusted for age, marital status, income, education level, and country of residence. Cross-sectional data from 142 countries shows that, globally, 47.7% of population was food insecure, with nearly a third of the total sample (32.4%) categorized as "worse off" for life satisfaction. Women had higher odds for food insecurity than men in both unadjusted (OR: 1.14, 95% CI= 1.11-1.16), as well as adjusted models (OR: 1.04, 95% CI= 1.01-1.07). Food insecurity and life satisfaction were found significantly correlated, with those who were food insecure having significantly higher odds of perceiving low life satisfaction (OR: 3.25, 95% CI= 3.14-3.36). Furthermore, this analysis revealed for the first time on a global scale, that men are consistently less likely to report higher life satisfaction than their female counterparts (OR: 0.83, 95% CI= 0.81-0.86) when controlling for food insecurity, among other variables. Adjusting for independent variables, food insecure men, food insecure women, and food secure men had, respectively, 3.89, 3.31, and 1.24 times higher odds to report "worse off" life satisfaction when compared to food secure women. This research provides evidence of differing reports of overall life satisfaction between men and women who experience the same food (in)security status. This reinforces the need for re-structuring typical food-security programs (and other public services) and to measure individual well-being consequences which often precede physical consequences of food insecurity. This study supports implementing well-being and food insecurity assessments in unison, to understand how food insecurity in specific economic and social contexts varies. Continued research is necessary to explore why life satisfaction is viewed differently by men and women, what the consequences are then for those food insecure populations and what implications exist for policies aimed at improving food security." --
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Scott Kahan
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 1421414554
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 579
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Book Description
Presents current and future public health professionals with a range of methods geared towards helping people make healthy choices, from informing the individual to modifying the surroundings and circumstances that drive decision-making. --From publisher description.
Author: Jamil, Sadia
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799866882
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
Today, a variety of gender-based threats and discrimination continue to characterize journalism. Both male and female journalists are prone to online and offline threats, casual stereotypes in their routine work, and discrimination (especially in terms of job opportunities, promotion, and pay-scale). Working in a safe and non-discriminatory environment is the right of all journalists, regardless of their gender. The Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism is a critical reference book that highlights equal rights in journalism to ensure the safety of women and men. The book investigates the level and nature of threats, both online and offline, faced by journalists as well as gender discrimination in journalism. Best practices and examples that can promote a safe working environment and gender equality in journalism are also presented. Highlighting important themes such as online harassment, sexism, and gender-based violence, this book is ideal for journalists, reporters, media organizations, professionals, researchers, academicians, and students working or studying in the fields of journalism, media and communications, human rights, and women’s studies.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264685936
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
Many Latin American countries have experienced improvements in income over recent decades, with several of them now classified as high-income or upper middle-income in terms of conventional metrics. But has this change been mirrored in improvements across the different areas of people’s lives? How’s Life in Latin America? Measuring Well-being for Policy Making addresses this question by presenting comparative evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) with a focus on 11 LAC countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay).
Author: Carol L. Graham
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 0815703953
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
The "quality of life" concept of quality of life is a broad one. It incorporates basic needs but also extends beyond them to include capabilities, the "livability" of the environment, and life appreciation and happiness. Latin America's diversity in culture and levels of development provide a laboratory for studying how quality of life varies with a number of objective and subjective measures. These measures range from income levels to job insecurity and satisfaction, to schooling attainment and satisfaction, to measured and self-assessed health, among others. Paradox and Perception greatly improves our understanding of the determinants of well-being in Latin America based on a broad "quality of life" concept that challenges some standard assumptions in economics, including those about the relationship between happiness and income. The authors' analysis builds upon a number of new approaches in economics, particularly those related to the study of happiness and finds a number of paradoxes as the region's respondents evaluate their well-being. These include the paradox of unhappy growth at the macroeconomic level, happy peasants and frustrated achievers at the microlevel, and surprisingly high levels of satisfaction with public services among the region's poorest. They also have important substantive links with several of the region's realities, such as high levels of income inequality, volatile macroeconomic performance, and low expectations of public institutions and faith in the capacity of the state to deliver. Identifying these perceptions, paradoxes, and their causes will contribute to the crafting of better public policies, as well as to our understanding of why "populist" politics still pervade in much of the region.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264191658
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
These Guidelines represent the first attempt to provide international recommendations on collecting, publishing, and analysing subjective well-being data.
Author: Raquel Fernández
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513571168
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.
Author: Wulf Rössler
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889764753
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251315701
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
This year’s report presents evidence that the absolute number of people who suffer from hunger continues to slowly increase. The report also highlights that food insecurity is more than just hunger. For the first time, the report provides evidence that many people in the world, even if not hungry, experience moderate food insecurity as they face uncertainties about their ability to obtain food and are forced to compromise on the quality and/or quantity of the food they consume. This phenomenon is observed globally, not only in low- and middle-income countries but also in high income countries. The report also shows that the world is not on track to meet global nutrition targets, including those on low birthweight and on reducing stunting among children under five years. Moreover, overweight and obesity continue to increase in all regions, particularly among school-age children and adults. The report stresses that no region is exempt from the epidemic of overweight and obesity, underscoring the necessity of multifaceted, multisectoral approaches to halt and reverse these worrying trends. In light of the fragile state of the world economy, the report presents new evidence confirming that hunger has been on the rise for many countries where the economy has slowed down or contracted. Unpacking the links between economic slowdowns and downturns and food insecurity and malnutrition, the report contends that the effects of the former on the latter can only be offset by addressing the root causes of hunger and malnutrition: poverty, inequality and marginalization.
