Gastrointestinal Nutrients-Microbiome-Host Interactions in Livestock PDF Download
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Author: Jinxin Liu
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832544037
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
Author: Jinxin Liu
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832544037
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 616
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Michael H. Kogut
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030903036
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
This work sheds new light on the interplay between the gut, gut microbiota, and host physiological processes in production animals. The gut microbiome shapes health and susceptibility to disease and has become a leading area of research in the animal sciences. Gut health encompasses a number of physiological and functional features. Nutrient digestion and absorption, host metabolism and energy generation, a stable microbiome, mucus layer development, barrier function, and mucosal immune responses; all of which are required to interact to make an animal perform physiologically and according to its greatest genetic potential. This carefully presented book broadens our vision, approach and results on gut health and the ability to regulate animal production. Understanding the chemistry of microbiomes has broad implications, including providing functional annotations for the microbial genomes, insights into the chemical languages that link microbes to each other and to their host, and translational implications for precision veterinary medicine, environmental health, and sustainable animal agriculture and welfare. Experts working in microbiome research, host immunity, and animal production, veterinarians and researchers in livestock science will understand the great importance of this volume.
Author: D. Dhanasekaran
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000353141
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 863
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Book Description
Microbiota are a promising and fascinating subject in biology because they integrate the microbial communities in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In humans, microbiota are associated with the gut, skin, and genital, oral, and respiratory organs. The plant microbial community is referred to as "holobiont," and it is influential in the maintenance and health of plants, which themselves play a role in animal health and the environment. The contents of Microbiome-Host Interactions cover all areas as well as new research trends in the fields of plant, animal, human, and environmental microbiome interactions. The book covers microbiota in polar soil environments, in health and disease, in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in agroecosystems, as well as in rice root and actinorhizal root nodules, speleothems, and marine shallow-water hydrothermal vents. Moreover, this book provides comprehensive accounts of advanced next-generation DNA sequencing, metagenomic techniques, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, and understanding nucleic acid sequence data from fungal, algal, viral, bacterial, cyanobacterial, actinobacterial, and archaeal communities using QIIME software (Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology). FEATURES Summarizes recent insight in microbiota and host interactions in distinct habitats, including Antarctic, hydrothermal vents, speleothems, oral, skin, gut, feces, reproductive tract, soil, root, root nodules, forests, and mangroves Illustrates the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, computational techniques involved in the microbiota analysis, downstream analysis and visualization, and multivariate analysis commonly used for microbiome analysis Describes probiotics and prebiotics in the composition of the gut microbiota, skin microbiome impact in dermatologic disease prevention, and microbial communities in the reproductive tract of humans and animals Presents information in a reachable way for students, teachers, researchers, microbiologists, computational biologists, and other professionals who are interested in strengthening or enlarging their knowledge about microbiome analysis with next-generation DNA sequencing in the different branches of the sciences
Author: Joseph F Pierre
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 178801748X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 213
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Book Description
Bringing together expert researchers in the fields of microbiome, metabolism, and nutrition research, this book compiles the current state of knowledge from authorities specifically on how diet regulates microbial function with metabolic implications for the human host. Chapters cover the broad concepts of microbial-host interactions under the dietary influences of specific macronutrients, micronutrients, small molecule generation and bile acid circulation, with inclusion of later clinical chapters encompassing topics like bariatric surgery and our current understanding of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Covering a timely topic from a functional standpoint, the book fills a gap in the existing literature. While increased attention is placed on descriptive work, it will importantly highlight emerging functional and mechanistic research findings that illustrate the inner workings of the dietary-microbial-host orchestration of metabolic regulation. Providing an exciting summary of the importance of current microbial function, it will also summarize the next major directions in the field of microbiome research.
Author: Ryan J. Arsenault
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889450295
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 165
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Book Description
Gut health and specifically the gut microbiome-host interaction is currently a major research topic across the life sciences. In the case of animal sciences research into animal production and health, the gut has been a continuous area of interest. Production parameters such as growth and feed efficiency are entirely dependent on optimum gut health. In addition, the gut is a major immune organ and one of the first lines of defense in animal disease. Recent changes in animal production management and feed regulations, both regulatory and consumer driven, have placed added emphasis on finding ways to optimize gut health in novel and effective ways. In this volume we bring together original research and review articles covering three major categories of gut health and animal production: the gut microbiome, mucosal immunology, and feed-based interventions. Included within these categories is a broad range of scientific expertise and experimental approaches that span food animal production. Our goal in bringing together the articles on this research topic is to survey the current knowledge on gut health in animal production. The following 15 articles include knowledge and perspectives from researchers from multiple countries and research perspectives, all with the central goal of improving animal health and production.
Author: Debabrata Biswas
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030473848
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive examination of the role of gut microbiome/microflora in nutrition, metabolism, disease prevention and health issues, including farm animal health and food value, and human gastrointestinal health and immunity. Indigenous microbiotas, particularly the gut microflora/microbiome, are an essential component in the modern concept of human and animal health. The diet and lifestyle of the host and environment have direct impact on gut microflora and the patterns of gut microbial colonization associated with health and diseases have been documented. Contributing authors cover the impact of gut microbiome in farm animal health, and explore the possibility of modulating the human gut microbiome with better animal products to prevent human diseases, including endemic and emerging diseases such as obesity, cancer and cardiac diseases. Dieting plan and control methods are examined, with attention paid to balance dieting with natural food and drink components. In addition, the role of gut microbiota in enteric microbial colonization and infections in farm animals is also discussed. The volume also explores the possibility of improving human health by modulating the microbiome with better food, including bio-active foods and appropriate forms of intake. Throughout the chapters, authors examine cutting edge research and technology, as well as future directions for better practices regarding emerging issues, such as the safety and production of organic food.
Author: Michael L. Westendorf
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470290099
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
The magnitude of the food-waste disposal problem cannot be understated. Utilisation of food waste is of concern to the food processing industry, consumers, environmentalists, and regulators of handling and disposal systems. Food waste is not consistent in quality, is usually high in moisture content, and is only available locally. This book focuses on the challenges of utilising both wet and/or processed food waste. The regulatory environment relating to food waste, the perspective of the end-users, and practical use as animal feed is also discussed. One of the goals of this publication, other than to give a clear explanation of the subject of food waste and its uses as animal feed, is to stimulate a need for research.
Author: Alejandro Belanche
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288966483X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Author: Heli Jaime Barron Pastor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Host-microbe interactions are now considered essential for maintaining host health. It is known that short and long term dietary interventions influences the structure and activity of gut bacterial communities. However, our understanding of the forces shaping the gut microbiota is still limited and controversial, and most of the studies of the gut microbiota use the microbiota from faeces as a proxy for the intestinal tract populations. As such, the overarching aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of host-microbiome interactions using an animal model. In this thesis I describe the effect of diet changes on microbial community structure and host-microbiome interactions following 14 weeks on one of the three experimental diets. The diets consisted of a basal diet low in fibre (LF); the basal diet together with 26% cellulose; a difficult to ferment fibre (HF); and the basal diet together with 50% dried cooked red kidney beans (B); a diet relatively high in easily fermentable fibre. These diets were fed to 45, 21 day old female Wistar rats originating from 6 litters for 14 weeks. Diet had little effect on rat growth rates or adult body mass. However, diet had profound effects on gastro-intestinal morphology and dynamics. Caecum size was smallest in animals fed the LF diet, and caecums were about 2x as large in animals fed the B diet, while animals on the HF diet had intermediate-sized caecums. Food transit times were slowest in animals on the B and LF diets and fastest in animals on the HF diets. At the end of the diet experiment, colon and caecum contents were collected when the animals were killed and short chain fatty acids, nitrogen, carbon, as well fibre concentrations were determined. These data showed that the 'chemical' environment of the hindgut varied substantially among animals fed the different diets. E. coli diversity and dynamics were described by characterizing more than three thousand isolates. E. coli diversity was low, and more than 97% of the isolates were represent by three strains: one phylogroup B2 strain and two phylogroup B1 strains. A decline of the frequency of the B2 strain in the animals fed on the bean diet was observed. The faecal microbiota was characterized when the animals were 21 days old, while faecal, caecal and rectal microbial communities characterized at the end of the experiment. 16S amplicon sequencing of the V4 region on the Ion Torrent platform was the approach used to characterize the microbiota. Members of 23 microbial families were detected in communities of the animals before and after 14 weeks on the experimental diets. At the start of the experiment there were significant litter membership effects on the structure of the faecal microbial communities. After 14 weeks on the experimental diets, both litter and diet explained a significant amount of the variation in microbial community structure. There were substantial differences in the microbial communities of the caecum and rectum and the extent of these differences depended on diet and on the time taken for material to move through the hindgut. The outcomes of the present study make a contribution to our understanding of the factors that shape gut microbial communities. Microbial characterization of faecal samples is frequently used as proxy of gut microbiota. However, stool samples are probably most likely representative of the microbial communities in the rectum than other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, the findings also throw doubt on the value of faecal community characterization as a means to understand community structure and function in the gastro-intestinal tract. Further, the results of these experiments suggest that efforts attempting to achieve positive health outcomes through diet manipulation may have limited success in general due to among individual differences in microbial community composition, and in how these different communities respond to dietary manipulation.
Author: Haoyu Liu
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889740013
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
