Gas Separation with Membranes at Elevated Temperatures - Tubular Membrane Reactors for the Hydroformylation and the Water-gas Shift Reaction PDF Download
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Author: Morten Logemann
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783844081961
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Morten Logemann
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783844081961
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Enrico Drioli
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849732396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 345
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Book Description
This two volume set presents the state-of-the-art, and potential for future developments, in membrane engineering for the separation of gases.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
This program is directed toward the development of a metal-membrane-based process for the economical production of hydrogen at elevated temperature by the reaction of carbon monoxide with steam--i.e., the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction. Key to achieving this objective is the development of an inexpensive and durable metal-membrane module. The specific program objectives include the following: design, fabrication, and demonstration of prototype membrane modules; improving the membrane composition to increase the hydrogen flux; demonstrating that membrane lifetime ≥2 years is likely to be achieved; and conducting engineering and economic analyses of the process. Results to date are given and discussed.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The objective of the project was to develop a novel complementary membrane reactor process that can consolidate two or more downstream unit operations of a coal gasification system into a single module for production of a pure stream of hydrogen and a pure stream of carbon dioxide. The overall goals were to achieve higher hydrogen production efficiencies, lower capital costs and a smaller overall footprint than what could be achieved by utilizing separate components for each required unit process/operation in conventional coal-to-hydrogen systems. Specifically, this project was to develop a novel membrane reactor process that combines hydrogen sulfide removal, hydrogen separation, carbon dioxide separation and water-gas shift reaction into a single membrane configuration. The carbon monoxide conversion of the water-gas-shift reaction from the coal-derived syngas stream is enhanced by the complementary use of two membranes within a single reactor to separate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Consequently, hydrogen production efficiency is increased. The single membrane reactor configuration produces a pure H2 product and a pure CO2 permeate stream that is ready for sequestration. This project focused on developing a new class of CO2-selective membranes for this new process concept. Several approaches to make CO2-selective membranes for high-temperature applications have been tested. Membrane disks using the technique of powder pressing and high temperature sintering were successfully fabricated. The powders were either metal oxide or metal carbonate materials. Experiments on CO2 permeation testing were also performed in the temperature range of 790 to 940 C for the metal carbonate membrane disks. However, no CO2 permeation rate could be measured, probably due to very slow CO2 diffusion in the solid state carbonates. To improve the permeation of CO2, one approach is to make membranes containing liquid or molten carbonates. Several different types of dual-phase membranes were fabricated and tested for their CO2 permeation in reducing conditions without the presence of oxygen. Although the flux was quite low, on the order of 0.01-0.001 cc STP/cm2/min, the selectivity of CO2/He was almost infinite at temperatures of about 800 C.A different type of dual-phase membrane prepared by Arizona State University (ASU) was also tested at GTI for CO2 permeation. The measured CO2 fluxes were 0.015 and 0.02 cc STP/cm2/min at 750 and 830 C, respectively. These fluxes were higher than the previous flux obtained ((almost equal to)0.01 cc STP/cm2/min) using the dual-phase membranes prepared by GTI. Further development in membrane development should be conducted to improve the CO2 flux. ASU has also focused on high temperature permeation/separation experiments to confirm the carbon dioxide separation capabilities of the dual-phase membranes with La{sup 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} (LSCF6482) supports infiltrated with a Li/Na/K molten carbonate mixture (42.5/32.5/25.0 mole %). The permeation experiments indicated that the addition of O2 does improve the permeance of CO2 through the membrane. A simplified membrane reactor model was developed to evaluate the performance of the process. However, the simplified model did not allow the estimation of membrane transport area, an important parameter for evaluating the feasibility of the proposed membrane reactor technology. As a result, an improved model was developed. Results of the improved membrane reactor model show that the membrane shift reaction has promise as a means to simplify the production of a clean stream of hydrogen and a clean stream of carbon dioxide. The focus of additional development work should address the large area required for the CO2 membrane as identified in the modeling calculations. Also, a more detailed process flow diagram should be developed that includes integration of cooling and preheating feed streams as well as particulate removal so that steam and power generation could be optimized. For the tubular membranes that were fabricated by solution impregnation with metal carbonates, difficulties were encountered in removing the impurity salts that were trapped inside the porous support tube. The membrane tube would continue losing weight even after being heated up to 500 C in air and could not maintain its nonporous characteristics. This approach was therefore abandoned. Dual-phase membranes with molten carbonates were subsequently shown to have CO2 permeability in reducing conditions without the presence of oxygen; they were also tested for H2S permeation. Permeation tests were conducted with a gas feed composition consisting of 33.6% CO2, 8.4% He, 57.6% H2 and 0.4% H2S at temperatures between 820 and 850 C and a pressure of 1 bar.
Author: Enrico Drioli
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782628754
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Volume 1. Gas-separation issues with membranes -- volume 2. Gas-separation issues combined with membrane reactors.
Author: Enrico Drioli
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788012194
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Elaborating on recent and future developments in the field of membrane engineering, Volume 2 is devoted to the main advances in gaseous phase membrane reactors and separators. The book covers innovative membranes and new processes, and includes new chapters on cost analysis and life cycle assessment. Together with Volume 1, these books form an innovative reference work on membrane engineering and technology in the field of gas separation and gaseous phase membrane reactors.
Author: Angelo Basile
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118906802
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Uniquely focussed on the engineering aspects of membrane reactors Provides tools for analysis with specific regard to sustainability Applications include water treatment, wastewater recycling, desalination, biorefineries, agro-food production Membrane reactors can bring energy saving, reduced environmental impact and lower operating costs
Author: Angelo Basile
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118906829
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Uniquely focussed on the engineering aspects of membrane reactors Provides tools for analysis with specific regard to sustainability Applications include water treatment, wastewater recycling, desalination, biorefineries, agro-food production Membrane reactors can bring energy saving, reduced environmental impact and lower operating costs
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Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This report summarizes the objectives, technical barrier, approach, and accomplishments for the development of a novel water-gas-shift (WGS) membrane reactor for hydrogen enhancement and CO reduction. We have synthesized novel CO2-selective membranes with high CO2 permeabilities and high CO2/H2 and CO2/CO selectivities by incorporating amino groups in polymer networks. We have also developed a one-dimensional non-isothermal model for the countercurrent WGS membrane reactor. The modeling results have shown that H2 enhancement (>99.6% H2 for the steam reforming of methane and>54% H2 for the autothermal reforming of gasoline with air on a dry basis) via CO2 removal and CO reduction to 10 ppm or lower are achievable for synthesis gases. With this model, we have elucidated the effects of system parameters, including CO2/H2 selectivity, CO2 permeability, sweep/feed flow rate ratio, feed temperature, sweep temperature, feed pressure, catalyst activity, and feed CO concentration, on the membrane reactor performance. Based on the modeling study using the membrane data obtained, we showed the feasibility of achieving H2 enhancement via CO2 removal, CO reduction to (less-than or equal to) 10 ppm, and high H2 recovery. Using the membrane synthesized, we have obtained
Author: Benny Freeman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119956587
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Gas separation membranes offer a number of benefits over other separation technologies, and they play an increasingly important role in reducing the environmental impacts and costs of many industrial processes. This book describes recent and emerging results in membrane gas separation, including highlights of nanoscience and technology, novel polymeric and inorganic membrane materials, new membrane approaches to solve environmental problems e.g. greenhouse gases, aspects of membrane engineering, and recent achievements in industrial gas separation. It includes: Hyperbranched polyimides, amorphous glassy polymers and perfluorinated copolymers Nanocomposite (mixed matrix) membranes Polymeric magnetic membranes Sequestration of CO2 to reduce global warming Industrial applications of gas separation Developed from sessions of the most recent International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes, Membrane Gas Separation gives a snapshot of the current situation, and presents both fundamental results and applied achievements.
