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Author: James E. Brunk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamic heating
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Two HTV-1 Hypersonic Test Vehicles, Rounds A-40 and A-41, were flown at Holloman AFB in October 1959, with blunted and sharp 20 degree half angle nose cones, respectively. Round A-40 also incorporated nose cone incidence and a pitch disturber rocket. A maximum flight velociety of 5800 feet per second was attained, corresponding to a local shap cone Mach number and unit Reynolds number of 3.4 and 50 x 10(6) per foot respectively. Fligh dynamics data for the second stage of Round A-40 were obtained from analyses of the vector angle of attack history. The measured maximum trim angle of attack (1.5 degrees) agreed closely with the predicted trim based on an elastic structure and a nose cone incidence of 0.36 degrees. Surface temperatures and aerodynamic heating rates were obtained for one station and three radial positions on the conical portion of the blunted nose cone (Round A-40) and at 3 stations on each of the two longitudinal rays on the sharp cone (Round A-41). In addition, the temperature and heating rates were determined on the cylindrical portion of the Round A-41 payload and on the base of on Stage II fin for both vehicles. The maximum heating rate for the sharp cone was about 30 percent greater for the blunt cone as a result of higher local Mach numbers and Reynolds numbers on the sharp cone. Correlation of the blunted cone circumferential heating rates with the measured angle of attack showed that only a small increase in heating rate (less than about 5 percent increase from the zero angle of attack heating rate) occurs on the windward ray for turbulent heating conditions. The measured decrease in Stanton mumber with increasing Reynolds number (running length) for the sharp cone was found to be in close agreement with turbulent flow theory. Boundary layer transition reversal from turbulent to laminar flow was experienced on both the sharp and blunted tip cones. Transition reversal for the sharp cone, which had almost twice the local Mach number of the blunted cone, was found to occur at an enthalpy ratio, hw/hr, 30 percent greater than for the blunted cone. For both cones turbulent flow occurred within the Mach number and enthalpy region for complete stability of two dimensional disturbance as defined by Dunn and Lin. The possible effects of surface roughness in producing the observed transition reversal are discussed.
Author: James E. Brunk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamic heating
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Two HTV-1 Hypersonic Test Vehicles, Rounds A-40 and A-41, were flown at Holloman AFB in October 1959, with blunted and sharp 20 degree half angle nose cones, respectively. Round A-40 also incorporated nose cone incidence and a pitch disturber rocket. A maximum flight velociety of 5800 feet per second was attained, corresponding to a local shap cone Mach number and unit Reynolds number of 3.4 and 50 x 10(6) per foot respectively. Fligh dynamics data for the second stage of Round A-40 were obtained from analyses of the vector angle of attack history. The measured maximum trim angle of attack (1.5 degrees) agreed closely with the predicted trim based on an elastic structure and a nose cone incidence of 0.36 degrees. Surface temperatures and aerodynamic heating rates were obtained for one station and three radial positions on the conical portion of the blunted nose cone (Round A-40) and at 3 stations on each of the two longitudinal rays on the sharp cone (Round A-41). In addition, the temperature and heating rates were determined on the cylindrical portion of the Round A-41 payload and on the base of on Stage II fin for both vehicles. The maximum heating rate for the sharp cone was about 30 percent greater for the blunt cone as a result of higher local Mach numbers and Reynolds numbers on the sharp cone. Correlation of the blunted cone circumferential heating rates with the measured angle of attack showed that only a small increase in heating rate (less than about 5 percent increase from the zero angle of attack heating rate) occurs on the windward ray for turbulent heating conditions. The measured decrease in Stanton mumber with increasing Reynolds number (running length) for the sharp cone was found to be in close agreement with turbulent flow theory. Boundary layer transition reversal from turbulent to laminar flow was experienced on both the sharp and blunted tip cones. Transition reversal for the sharp cone, which had almost twice the local Mach number of the blunted cone, was found to occur at an enthalpy ratio, hw/hr, 30 percent greater than for the blunted cone. For both cones turbulent flow occurred within the Mach number and enthalpy region for complete stability of two dimensional disturbance as defined by Dunn and Lin. The possible effects of surface roughness in producing the observed transition reversal are discussed.
Author: Michael E. Tauber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamic heating
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: BALLMAN
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461203791
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
These three volumes entitled Advances in Hypersonics contain the Proceedings of the Second and Third Joint US/Europe Short Course in Hypersonics which took place in Colorado Springs and Aachen. The Second Course was organized at the US Air Force Academy, USA in January 1989 and the Third Course at Aachen, Germany in October 1990. The main idea of these Courses was to present to chemists, com puter scientists, engineers, experimentalists, mathematicians, and physicists state of the art lectures in scientific and technical dis ciplines including mathematical modeling, computational methods, and experimental measurements necessary to define the aerothermo dynamic environments for space vehicles such as the US Orbiter or the European Hermes flying at hypersonic speeds. The subjects can be grouped into the following areas: Phys ical environments, configuration requirements, propulsion systems (including airbreathing systems), experimental methods for external and internal flow, theoretical and numerical methods. Since hyper sonic flight requires highly integrated systems, the Short Courses not only aimed to give in-depth analysis of hypersonic research and technology but also tried to broaden the view of attendees to give them the ability to understand the complex problem of hypersonic flight. Most of the participants in the Short Courses prepared a docu ment based on their presentation for reproduction in the three vol umes. Some authors spent considerable time and energy going well beyond their oral presentation to provide a quality assessment of the state of the art in their area of expertise as of 1989 and 1991.
Author: Joseph G. Marvin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Equilibrium convective heat transfer in several real gases was investigated. The gases considered were air, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon. Solutions to the similar form of the boundary-layer equations were obtained for flight velocities to 30,000 ft/sec for a range of parameters sufficient to define the effects of pressure level, pressure gradient, boundary-layer-edge velocity, and wall temperature. Results are presented for stagnation-point heating and for the heating-rate distribution. For the range of parameters investigated the wall heat transfer depended on the transport properties near the wall and precise evaluation of properties in the high-energy portions of the boundary layer was not needed. A correlation of the solutions to the boundary-layer equations was obtained which depended only on the low temperature properties of the gases. This result can be used to evaluate the heat transfer in gases other than those considered. The largest stagnation-point heat transfer at a constant flight velocity was obtained for argon followed successively by carbon dioxide, air, nitrogen, and hydrogen. The blunt-body heating-rate distribution was found to depend mainly on the inviscid flow field. For each gas, correlation equations of boundary-layer thermodynamic and transport properties as a function of enthalpy are given for a wide range of pressures to a maximum enthalpy of 18,000 Btu/lb.
Author: John David Anderson
Publisher: AIAA
ISBN: 9781563474590
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 710
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Book Description
This book is a self-contained text for those students and readers interested in learning hypersonic flow and high-temperature gas dynamics. It assumes no prior familiarity with either subject on the part of the reader. If you have never studied hypersonic and/or high-temperature gas dynamics before, and if you have never worked extensively in the area, then this book is for you. On the other hand, if you have worked and/or are working in these areas, and you want a cohesive presentation of the fundamentals, a development of important theory and techniques, a discussion of the salient results with emphasis on the physical aspects, and a presentation of modern thinking in these areas, then this book is also for you. In other words, this book is designed for two roles: 1) as an effective classroom text that can be used with ease by the instructor, and understood with ease by the student; and 2) as a viable, professional working tool for engineers, scientists, and managers who have any contact in their jobs with hypersonic and/or high-temperature flow.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 794
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Book Description
Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 792
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grants-in-aid
Languages : en
Pages : 640
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Book Description
Author: National Science Foundation (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 652
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Book Description
Author: W. H. Loh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461586240
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
During the last decade, the rapid growth of knowledge in the field of fluid mechanics and heat transfer has resulted in many significant ad vances of interest to students, engineers, and scientists. Accordingly, a course entitled "Modern Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer" was given at the University of California to present significant recent theoretical and experimental work. The course consisted of seven parts: I-Introduction; II-Hydraulic Analogy for Gas Dynamics; 111- Turbulence and Unsteady Gas Dynamics; IV-Rarefied and Radiation Gas Dynamics; V-Biological Fluid Mechanics; VI-Hypersonic and Plasma Gas Dynamics; and VII-Heat Transfer in Hypersonic Flows. The material, presented by the undersigned as course instructor and by various guest lecturers, could easily be adapted by other universities for use as a text for a one-semester senior or graduate course on the subject. Due to the extensive notes developed during the University of California course, it was decided to publish the material in three volumes, of which the present is the first. The succeeding volumes will be entitled "Selected Topics in Fluid and Bio-Fluid Mechanics" and "Introduction to Steady and Unsteady Gas Dynamics." Finally, I must express a word of appreciation to my wife Irene and to my children, Wellington Jr. and Victoria, who made it possible for me to write and edit this book in the very quiet atmosphere of our home.
