Fractionation 4. Illustrative Calculations of the Effect of Radionuclide Fractionation on Exposure-dose Rate from Local Fallout PDF Download
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Author: E. C. Freiling
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
This report illustrates a proposed definition of surface density of contamination for the deposit of fractionated fallout. The illustrations employed give estimates of the dependence of exposure-dose rate on the degree of radionuclide fractionation and of the sensitivity of this dependence to independent fission yield input data, total yield of the device, and time of exposure.
Author: E. C. Freiling
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
This report illustrates a proposed definition of surface density of contamination for the deposit of fractionated fallout. The illustrations employed give estimates of the dependence of exposure-dose rate on the degree of radionuclide fractionation and of the sensitivity of this dependence to independent fission yield input data, total yield of the device, and time of exposure.
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1564
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Author: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Division of Biology and Medicine
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ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Author: G. R. Crocker
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ISBN:
Category : Radioactive fallout
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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This report compares the normalization factor, r/hr per kt/mi]2, calculated for unfractionated fission products with the normalization factors calculated from field data for a near-surface silicate soil burst and a silicate soil cratering burst. The large discrepancies between predicted and observed values appear to be caused by a combination of radionuclide fractionation, ground roughness and instrument self-shielding, and gradient effects. Fractionation effects can cause a difference of a factor of five in the normalization factors for surface and cratering bursts, allowing about 50% reduction in radiation due to ground roughness and instrument self-shielding. Ionization-chamber measurements on field-collected samples are correlated with their degree of fractionation in this report, and a reasonable correspondence between the ionization-chamber readings and the exposure rates measured in the field is established.
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Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 984
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Author: Lewis Van Clief Spencer
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ISBN:
Category : Civil defense
Languages : en
Pages : 992
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Author: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Division of Technical Information
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ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 900
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Author: Saad Z. Mikhail
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ISBN:
Category : Beta rays
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Absorbed beta-radiation dose expected from fallout particles deposited on the skin was estimated by use of the Beta Transmission, Degradation and Dissipation (TDD) model and a Condensed-State Diffusion-Controlled model that describes the mechanism of fission-product absorption in fallout. A fission density of 10 to the 15th power fissions per cubic centimeter of fallout material was assumed. Comparison of computed doses with the most recent experimental data relative to skin response to beta-energy deposition leads to the conclusion that even for fallout arrival times as early as 1000 seconds (16.7 minutes post-detonation), no skin ulceration is expected from single particles 500 micron or less in diameter. Absorbed gamma doses calculated for one particle size (100 microns) show a beta-to-gamma ratio of about 15. Dose ratio for larger particle sizes will be smaller. Doses from arrays of fallout particles of different size distributions were computed, also, for several fallout mass deposition densities; time intervals required to accumulate doses sufficient to initiate skin lesions were calculated. These times depend strongly on the assumed fallout-particle-size distribution. Deposition densities in excess of 100 mg per square foot of the skin will cause beta burns if fallout arrival time is less than about three hours, unless the particles are relatively coarse (mean particle diameter more than 250 microns). (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 2180
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Energy development
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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