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Author: Alexander Bärtl
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346426084
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Document from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Dresden Technical University (Institute of English and American Studies), course: Forensic Linguistics, language: English, abstract: This paper raises and discusses three selected questions on topics of forensics linguistics, i.e., prison slang, Miranda Rights, and the act of trolling online. Its idea, structure, and purpose are equal to term papers but in a very shortened and rudimentary yet discursive and critical way. Therefore, a variety of secondary sources and perspectives are taken into account. Furthermore, cultural and judicial aspects enhance the linguistic-based discussions and, therefore, reveal supplementary controversial issues. Language fulfills different social functions and is of high relevance for everyday life in prison. Which (linguistic) features are characteristic for prison slang and which (social) functions do they fulfill? Although the “Miranda Rights” were created to extend suspects’ protection, many problems may arise when looking at certain groups who are not fully capable of understanding the details and extent of the ‘Miranda Rights’ The act of trolling has become visible on presumably all SMPs and, beyond that, other platforms, such as Wikipedia, and is not always handled as a trivial offense. What is a troll (or trolling), what are his/her motivations, and why and how can trolling lead to legal repercussions?
Author: Alexander Bärtl
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346426084
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 14
Get Book Here
Book Description
Document from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Dresden Technical University (Institute of English and American Studies), course: Forensic Linguistics, language: English, abstract: This paper raises and discusses three selected questions on topics of forensics linguistics, i.e., prison slang, Miranda Rights, and the act of trolling online. Its idea, structure, and purpose are equal to term papers but in a very shortened and rudimentary yet discursive and critical way. Therefore, a variety of secondary sources and perspectives are taken into account. Furthermore, cultural and judicial aspects enhance the linguistic-based discussions and, therefore, reveal supplementary controversial issues. Language fulfills different social functions and is of high relevance for everyday life in prison. Which (linguistic) features are characteristic for prison slang and which (social) functions do they fulfill? Although the “Miranda Rights” were created to extend suspects’ protection, many problems may arise when looking at certain groups who are not fully capable of understanding the details and extent of the ‘Miranda Rights’ The act of trolling has become visible on presumably all SMPs and, beyond that, other platforms, such as Wikipedia, and is not always handled as a trivial offense. What is a troll (or trolling), what are his/her motivations, and why and how can trolling lead to legal repercussions?
Author: United States. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crime
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
This report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice -- established by President Lyndon Johnson on July 23, 1965 -- addresses the causes of crime and delinquency and recommends how to prevent crime and delinquency and improve law enforcement and the administration of criminal justice. In developing its findings and recommendations, the Commission held three national conferences, conducted five national surveys, held hundreds of meetings, and interviewed tens of thousands of individuals. Separate chapters of this report discuss crime in America, juvenile delinquency, the police, the courts, corrections, organized crime, narcotics and drug abuse, drunkenness offenses, gun control, science and technology, and research as an instrument for reform. Significant data were generated by the Commission's National Survey of Criminal Victims, the first of its kind conducted on such a scope. The survey found that not only do Americans experience far more crime than they report to the police, but they talk about crime and the reports of crime engender such fear among citizens that the basic quality of life of many Americans has eroded. The core conclusion of the Commission, however, is that a significant reduction in crime can be achieved if the Commission's recommendations (some 200) are implemented. The recommendations call for a cooperative attack on crime by the Federal Government, the States, the counties, the cities, civic organizations, religious institutions, business groups, and individual citizens. They propose basic changes in the operations of police, schools, prosecutors, employment agencies, defenders, social workers, prisons, housing authorities, and probation and parole officers.
Author: Jonathan Wallace
Publisher: HarperCollins
ISBN: 0544188691
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Written in plain English, Webster's New World Law Dictionary is much easier to understand than typical legal documents. * Clear, concise, and accurate definitions of more than 4,000 legal terms * Coverage of terms from all areas of law, including criminal law, contracts, evidence, constitutional law, property law, and torts * Common abbreviations, foreign words and phrases, and a full copy of the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights and all subsequent amendments In addition to those in the legal field, this desk reference is invaluable to journalists, researchers, lay people dealing with legal issues, and even those who simply want to use legal terms correctly in order to make their points more convincingly.
Author: Roger W. Shuy
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019804402X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Most people fight over something or other and language is usually at the very center of the conflict. Often the way we use language is the cause of the battle. There are many areas in which fighting about language can be observed but civil law cases offer the most fertile examples of this warfare over words. What did the contract actually say? Was there deception in the advertising? Was the warning label clear and effective? Did the company evidence race or age discrimination against employees or customers? Was one company's name too similar to that of another company? Did the corporation plagiarize the work of another? Did it fraudulently represent what its work? This book is about the ways linguistic analysis describes, exposes, and aids disputes in 18 civil cases where language framed the battleground. Roger Shuy, a well-known forensic linguist and consultant, shows how the skills of linguistic analysis can help resolve disputed meanings, while also showing how civil cases can prove to be fertile ground for linguistic scholarship. He does this by collecting and analyzing cases involving contracts, trademark disputes, advertisements, product liability, copyright infringement, discrimination, trademark disputes, and fraud controversies. In each case he employs all the tools of formal linguistics to show how it can be as helpful as other physical sciences in resolving legal disagreements. The work will be of interest primarily to linguists -- sociolinguists, forensic linguists, and scholars and students of law and society -- as well as lawyers and law students.
Author: Henry Ruth
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674266943
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
The development of crime policy in the United States for many generations has been hampered by a drastic shortage of knowledge and data, an excess of partisanship and instinctual responses, and a one-way tendency to expand the criminal justice system. Even if a three-decade pattern of prison growth came to a full stop in the early 2000s, the current decade will be by far the most punitive in U.S. history, hitting some minority communities particularly hard. The book examines the history, scope, and effects of the revolution in America's response to crime since 1970. Henry Ruth and Kevin Reitz offer a comprehensive, long-term, pragmatic approach to increase public understanding of and find improvements in the nation's response to crime. Concentrating on meaningful areas for change in policing, sentencing, guns, drugs, and juvenile crime, they discuss such topics as new priorities for the use of incarceration; aggressive policing; the war on drugs; the need to switch the gun control debate to a focus on crime gun regulation; a new focus on offenders' transition from confinement to freedom; and the role of private enterprise. A book that rejects traditional liberal and conservative outlooks, The Challenge of Crime takes a major step in offering new approaches for the nation's responses to crime.
Author: Joy James
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 9780822339236
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
DIVA collection of writings by prisoners and scholars that documents the extension of the violence and the repression of the prison establishment into the larger society. /div
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309310628
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda.
Author: David L. Carter
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN: 9781477694633
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
This intelligence guide was prepared in response to requests from law enforcement executives for guidance in intelligence functions in a post-September 11 world. It will help law enforcement agencies develop or enhance their intelligence capacity and enable them to fight terrorism and other crimes while preserving community policing relationships. The world of law enforcement intelligence has changed dramatically since September 11, 2001. State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies have been tasked with a variety of new responsibilities; intelligence is just one. In addition, the intelligence discipline has evolved significantly in recent years. As these various trends have merged, increasing numbers of American law enforcement agencies have begun to explore, and sometimes embrace, the intelligence function. This guide is intended to help them in this process. The guide is directed primarily toward state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies of all sizes that need to develop or reinvigorate their intelligence function. Rather than being a manual to teach a person how to be an intelligence analyst, it is directed toward that manager, supervisor, or officer who is assigned to create an intelligence function. It is intended to provide ideas, definitions, concepts, policies, and resources. It is a primera place to start on a new managerial journey. Every law enforcement agency in the United States, regardless of agency size, must have the capacity to understand the implications of information collection, analysis, and intelligence sharing. Each agency must have an organized mechanism to receive and manage intelligence as well as a mechanism to report and share critical information with other law enforcement agencies. In addition, it is essential that law enforcement agencies develop lines of communication and information-sharing protocols with the private sector, particularly those related to the critical infrastructure, as well as with those private entities that are potential targets of terrorists and criminal enterprises. Not every agency has the staff or resources to create a formal intelligence unit, nor is it necessary in smaller agencies. This document will provide common language and processes to develop and employ an intelligence capacity in SLTLE agencies across the United States as well as articulate a uniform understanding of concepts, issues, and terminology for law enforcement intelligence (LEI). While terrorism issues are currently most pervasive in the current discussion of LEI, the principles of intelligence discussed in this document apply beyond terrorism and include organized crime and entrepreneurial crime of all forms. Drug trafficking and the associated crime of money laundering, for example, continue to be a significant challenge for law enforcement. Transnational computer crime, particularly Internet fraud, identity theft cartels, and global black marketeering of stolen and counterfeit goods, are entrepreneurial crime problems that are increasingly being relegated to SLTLE agencies to investigate simply because of the volume of criminal incidents. Similarly, local law enforcement is being increasingly drawn into human trafficking and illegal immigration enterprises and the often associated crimes related to counterfeiting of official documents, such as passports, visas, driver's licenses, Social Security cards, and credit cards. All require an intelligence capacity for SLTLE, as does the continuation of historical organized crime activities such as auto theft, cargo theft, and virtually any other scheme that can produce profit for an organized criminal entity. To be effective, the law enforcement community must interpret intelligence-related language in a consistent manner. In addition, common standards, policies, and practices will help expedite intelligence sharing while at the same time protecting the privacy of citizens and preserving hard-won community policing relationships.~
Author: American Psychiatric Association
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN: 0890426821
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health problem in the United States. The estimated 12-month and lifetime prevalence values for AUD are 13.9% and 29.1%, respectively, with approximately half of individuals with lifetime AUD having a severe disorder. AUD and its sequelae also account for significant excess mortality and cost the United States more than $200 billion annually. Despite its high prevalence and numerous negative consequences, AUD remains undertreated. In fact, fewer than 1 in 10 individuals in the United States with a 12-month diagnosis of AUD receive any treatment. Nevertheless, effective and evidence-based interventions are available, and treatment is associated with reductions in the risk of relapse and AUD-associated mortality. The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder seeks to reduce these substantial psychosocial and public health consequences of AUD for millions of affected individuals. The guideline focuses specifically on evidence-based pharmacological treatments for AUD in outpatient settings and includes additional information on assessment and treatment planning, which are an integral part of using pharmacotherapy to treat AUD. In addition to reviewing the available evidence on the use of AUD pharmacotherapy, the guideline offers clear, concise, and actionable recommendation statements, each of which is given a rating that reflects the level of confidence that potential benefits of an intervention outweigh potential harms. The guideline provides guidance on implementing these recommendations into clinical practice, with the goal of improving quality of care and treatment outcomes of AUD.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789241545624
Category : Adolescence
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
This report is part of WHO's response to the 49th World Health Assembly held in 1996 which adopted a resolution declaring violence a major and growing public health problem across the world. It is aimed largely at researchers and practitioners including health care workers, social workers, educators and law enforcement officials.
