Foods and Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch (Walbaum), and Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha (Walbaum) in Certain Oregon Streams PDF Download
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Author: Raymond Nowlin Breuser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Author: Raymond Nowlin Breuser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fisheries
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Author: Larry B. Everson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coho salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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The growth and food consumption of juvenile coho salmon [Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum)] exposed to natural and elevated fluctuating temperatures were studied in the laboratory with wild fish collected from a salmonid rearing stream. Control temperatures were similar to the temperature regime of a natural stream and the elevated temperatures were increased incrementally 3-4 C and 7-8 C. Short-term, 30-day experiments were conducted during five different seasonal periods in 1969 and 1970. Concurrent long-term studies were carried out during the entire experimental period. Relationships between rates of food consumption, growth and food assimilation of the fish were determined for the different experimental temperature conditions during the short-term experiments. Relationships between maintenance ration and temperature were derived from curves relating rates of food consumption and growth. The efficiency of food assimilation was determined from measurements of the quantities of the food consumed and the amounts of fecal wastes produced. Caloric measurements were obtained from oxygen bomb calorimetry of the fish and food consumed, and from wet combustion of the fecal wastes collected during short intervals within each experiment. Bioenergetic measurements were used to estimate the major fates of the energy of food consumed under the different temperature conditions during a period of fluctuating high summer temperatures. Long-term studies were conducted over eight-month and four-month periods under temperature conditions similar to those of the short-term experiments. Growth rates of the juvenile coho salmon were obtained from measurement of changes in their wet weight during 15-day intervals. The growth rates of salmon at equivalent ration levels were compared between the short- and long-term experiments. Growth rates of juvenile coho salmon kept as controls were generally greater than those of fish exposed to elevated temperatures for each of the five short-term experiments. Increases of ration size generally ameliorated the effects of elevated temperatures on the salmon growth rates. Comparisons of the caloric values of coho salmon recorded for a natural rearing stream with those of experimentally fed fish suggest that wild fish subsist on a restricted ration. Results of the long-term studies showed that salmon exposed to naturally fluctuating temperatures in the laboratory and fed restricted rations reached sizes typical of downstream smolts in Oregon coastal streams, whereas the fish exposed to incremental temperature increases of 3-4 C and 7-8 C were respectively 25 and 47 percent smaller than the control fish. Comparison of results of studies based upon naturally fluctuating temperatures with those of other workers based upon constant temperatures indicates that at average temperatures above 20 C the fluctuation of temperature is favorable for coho salmon growth. The results of the study suggest that temperature criteria for juvenile coho salmon derived from measurements based upon constant temperatures may not be satisfactory for protecting the fish during the extended period of their freshwater existence. Measurements of the growth of the young salmon during long-term experiments indicated that any substantial increases of temperature would result in a reduction in the size of smolts. Significant reductions of juvenile salmon growth resulting from elevated stream temperatures could influence the production of salmon populations through decreased marine survival. Long-term studies of the fish as well as other components of stream communities influenced by elevated temperatures are necessary for establishing meaningful temperature criteria.
Author: Clarence Dale Becker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Author: Duane L. Higley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Author: Cornelis Groot
Publisher: UBC Press
ISBN: 9780774859868
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 534
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Book Description
Every year, countless juvenile Pacific salmon leave streams and rivers on their migration to feeding grounds in the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. After periods ranging from a few months to several years, adult salmon enter rivers along the coasts of Asia and North America to spawn and complete their life cycle. Within this general outline, various life history patterns, both among and within species, involve diverse ways of exploiting freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats. There are seven species of Pacific salmon. Five (coho, chinook chum, pink, and sockeye) occur in both North America and Asia. Their complex life histories and spectacular migrations have long fascinated biologists and amateurs alike. Physiological Ecology of Pacific Salmon provides comprehensive reviews by leading researchers of the physiological adaptations that allow Pacific Salmon to sustain themselves in the diverse environments in which they live. It begins with an analysis of energy expenditure and continues with reviews of locomotion, growth, feeding, and nutrition. Subsequent chapters deal with osmotic adjustments enabling the passage between fresh and salt water, nitrogen excretion and regulation of acid-base balance, circulation and gas transfer, and finally, responses to stress. This thorough and authoritative volume will be a valuable reference for students and researchers of biology and fisheries science as they seek to understand the environmental requirements for the perpetuation of these unique and valuable species.
Author: Terry R. Culp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coho salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Author: Jon Joseph Lauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Author: Cornelis Groot
Publisher: UBC Press
ISBN: 9780774803595
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 602
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Book Description
Pacific salmon are an important biological and economic resource of countries of the North Pacific rim. They are also a unique group of fish possessing unusually complex life histories. There are seven species of Pacific salmon, five occurring on both the North American and Asian continents (sockeye, pink, chum, chinook, and coho) and two (masu and amago) only in Asia. The life cycle of the Pacific salmon begins in the autumn when the adult female deposits eggs that are fertilized in gravel beds in rivers or lakes. The young emerge from the gravel the following spring and will either migrate immediately to salt water or spend one or more years in a river or lake before migrating. Migrations in the ocean are extensive during the feeding and growing phase, covering thousands of kilometres. After one or more years the maturing adults find their way back to their home river, returning to their ancestral breeding grounds to spawn. They die after spawning and the eggs in the gravel signify a new cycle. Upon this theme Pacific salmon have developed many variations, both between as well as within species. Pacific Salmon Life Histories provides detailed descriptions of the different life phases through which each of the seven species passes. Each chapter is written by a scientist who has spent years studying and observing a particular species of salmon. Some of the topics covered are geographic distribution, transplants, freshwater life, ocean life, development, growth, feeding, diet, migration, and spawning behaviour. The text is richly supplemented by numerous maps, illustrations, colour plates, and tables and there is a detailed general index, as well as a useful geographical index.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fish culture
Languages : en
Pages : 668
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