Fate and Transport of Radionuclides Beneath the Hanford Tank Farms PDF Download
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Author: Scott Fendorf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
Although the accelerated transport of {sup 99}Tc, {sup 137}Cs, and {sup 235}U within the vadose zone beneath the 200-West Area of the Hanford tank-farm area has been recognized, the mechanisms responsible for the vertical migration of the radionuclides is unclear. Does horizontal stratification enhance the lateral movement of contaminants, which in turn enhances vertical preferential flow due to perched water dynamics? Do physical heterogeneities, such as stratification and pore regime connectivity, influence the retardation and degree of geochemical nonequilibrium during contaminant transport? Recent modeling efforts of the problem have failed to yield answers to this question since they are inadequately parameterized due to the lack of sufficient quality data. Fundamental experimental research is needed that will improve the conceptual understanding and predictive capability of radionuclide migration in the Hanford tankfarm environment. Since geochemical reactions are directly linked to the system hydrodynamics, coupled geochemical and hydrological processes must be investigated in order to resolve the key mechanisms contributing to vadose zone and groundwater contamination at Hanford. Our research group has performed extensive investigations on time-dependent contaminant interactions with subsurface media using dynamic flow techniques which more closely simulate conditions in-situ. Of particular relevance to this proposal is the work of Barnett et al. (2000) who showed that U(VI) transport through Hanford sediments was highly retarded and extremely sensitive to changes in pH and total carbonate. What remains elusive are the geochemical mechanisms for uranium retention-necessary information for accurately simulating transport-and are thus the focus of this study. The experimental and numerical results from this research will provide knowledge and information in previously unexplored areas of vadose zone fate and transport to support EM's performance/risk assessment and decision-making process for Tank Farm restoration. By unraveling fundamental contaminant transport mechanisms in complex porous media, we provide an improved conceptual understanding and predictive capability of a variety of vadose issues within the DOE system.
Author: Scott Fendorf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
Although the accelerated transport of {sup 99}Tc, {sup 137}Cs, and {sup 235}U within the vadose zone beneath the 200-West Area of the Hanford tank-farm area has been recognized, the mechanisms responsible for the vertical migration of the radionuclides is unclear. Does horizontal stratification enhance the lateral movement of contaminants, which in turn enhances vertical preferential flow due to perched water dynamics? Do physical heterogeneities, such as stratification and pore regime connectivity, influence the retardation and degree of geochemical nonequilibrium during contaminant transport? Recent modeling efforts of the problem have failed to yield answers to this question since they are inadequately parameterized due to the lack of sufficient quality data. Fundamental experimental research is needed that will improve the conceptual understanding and predictive capability of radionuclide migration in the Hanford tankfarm environment. Since geochemical reactions are directly linked to the system hydrodynamics, coupled geochemical and hydrological processes must be investigated in order to resolve the key mechanisms contributing to vadose zone and groundwater contamination at Hanford. Our research group has performed extensive investigations on time-dependent contaminant interactions with subsurface media using dynamic flow techniques which more closely simulate conditions in-situ. Of particular relevance to this proposal is the work of Barnett et al. (2000) who showed that U(VI) transport through Hanford sediments was highly retarded and extremely sensitive to changes in pH and total carbonate. What remains elusive are the geochemical mechanisms for uranium retention-necessary information for accurately simulating transport-and are thus the focus of this study. The experimental and numerical results from this research will provide knowledge and information in previously unexplored areas of vadose zone fate and transport to support EM's performance/risk assessment and decision-making process for Tank Farm restoration. By unraveling fundamental contaminant transport mechanisms in complex porous media, we provide an improved conceptual understanding and predictive capability of a variety of vadose issues within the DOE system.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
The overall goal of this research is to provide an improved understanding and predictive capability of coupled hydrological and geochemical mechanisms that are responsible for the accelerated migration of radionuclides in the vadose zone beneath the Hanford Tank Farms. The study is motivated by the technological and scientific needs associated with the long-term management of the enormous in-ground inventories of multiple contaminants at the Hanford site. Our objectives are to (1) provide an improved understanding of how lithological discontinuities within the sediments influence the propensity for preferential flow and matrix diffusion at different water contents, (2) quantify the significance of downward vertical advection, lateral spreading, and physical nonequilibrium processes on radionuclide transport under variable hydrologic conditions, and (3) quantify the rates and mechanisms of 137Cs, 235/238U, and 99Tc interaction with the solid phase under various hydrodynamic conditions and to determine how physical heterogeneities (i.e. stratification, pore regime connectivity) influence the retardation and degree of geochemical nonequilibrium during contaminant transport.
Author: Scott Fendorf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The goal of this research was to provide an improved understanding and predictive capability of coupled hydrological and geochemical mechanisms that are responsible for the accelerated migration and immobilization of radionuclides and toxic metals in the badose zone beneath the Hanford Tank Farms.
Author: Scott E. Fendorf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
This annual report describes 1.5 y of progress on a 3 y project. The project addresses the goals of the Environmental Management Sciences Program (EMSP) that seeks innovative basic research to benefit cleanup technologies and decision-making strategies for contaminated environments. Our project specifically addresses Hanford research needs in subsurface science by contributing to the objectives of the Tank Farm Vadose Characterization Project and the 200 Area Remedial Action Project which are components of the Hanford Site Groundwater/Vadose Zone Integration Project (Integration Project). The work described within is intended to advance the technological and scientific needs associated with the long-term management of the enormous in-ground inventories of 235/238U, 99Tc, 60Co, and Cr(VI) present at the Hanford site. We believe that scientifically defensible predictions of contaminant transport and strategies for remediation must be based upon a field-relevant understanding of coupled hydrological and geochemical processes that control subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This research project investigates the migration of 235/238U, 90Sr, 60Co, and Cr(VI) in undisturbed sediments from the Hanford site using realistic experimental protocols designed to delineate complex hydrological and geochemical processes controlling contaminant movement.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
Author: R. E. Gephart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
In Hanford: A Conversation About Nuclear Waste and Cleanup, Roy Gephart takes us on a journey through a world of facts, values, conflicts, and choices facing the most complex environmental cleanup project in the United States: the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. Starting with the top-secret Manhattan Project, Hanford was used to create tons of plutonium for nuclear weapons. Hundreds of tons of waste and millions of curies remain. In an easy-to-read, illustrated text, Gephart crafts the story of Hanford becoming the world's first nuclear weapons site to release large amounts of contaminants into the environment. This was at a time when radiation biology was in its infancy, industry practiced unbridled waste dumping, and the public trusted what it was told. Hanford history reveals how little we sometimes understand events when caught inside of them. The plutonium market stalled with the end of the Cold War. Public accountability and environmental compliance ushered in a new cleanup mission. Today, Hanford is driven by remediation choices whose outcomes remain uncertain. It's a story whose epilogue will be written by future generations. This book is an information resource, written for the general reader as well as the technically trained person. It provides an overview of Hanford and cleanup issues facing the nuclear weapons complex. Each chapter is a topical mini-series. It's an idea guide that encourages readers to be informed consumers of Hanford news, and to recognize that knowledge, high ethical standards, and social values are at the heart of coping with nuclear waste. Hanford history is a window into many environmental conflicts facing our nation; it's about building uponsuccess and learning from failure. And therein lies a key lesson: when powerful interests are involved, no generation is above pretense.
Author: Rattan Lal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000031411
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2804
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Book Description
New and Improved Global Edition: Three-Volume Set A ready reference addressing a multitude of soil and soil management concerns, the highly anticipated and widely expanded third edition of Encyclopedia of Soil Science now spans three volumes and covers ground on a global scale. A definitive guide designed for both coursework and self-study, this latest version describes every branch of soil science and delves into trans-disciplinary issues that focus on inter-connectivity or the nexus approach. For Soil Scientists, Crop Scientists, Plant Scientists and More A host of contributors from around the world weigh in on underlying themes relevant to natural and agricultural ecosystems. Factoring in a rapidly changing climate and a vastly growing population, they sound off on topics that include soil degradation, climate change, soil carbon sequestration, food and nutritional security, hidden hunger, water quality, non-point source pollution, micronutrients, and elemental transformations. New in the Third Edition: Contains over 600 entries Offers global geographical and thematic coverage Entries peer reviewed by subject experts Addresses current issues of global significance Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Third Edition: Three Volume Set expertly explains the science of soil and describes the material in terms that are easily accessible to researchers, students, academicians, policy makers, and laymen alike. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail)
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Author: Sven Erik Jorgensen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000082547
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 3829
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Book Description
Bringing together a wealth of knowledge, the Handbook of Environmental Management, Second Edition, gives a comprehensive overview of environmental problems, their sources, their assessment, and their solutions. Through in-depth entries, and a topical table of contents, readers will quickly find answers to questions about pollution and management issues. This six-volume set is a reimagining of the award-winning Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, published in 2013, and features insights from more than 500 contributors, all experts in their fields. The experience, evidence, methods, and models used in studying environmental management is presented here in six stand-alone volumes, arranged along the major environmental systems. Features of the new edition: The first handbook that demonstrates the key processes and provisions for enhancing environmental management. Addresses new and cutting -edge topics on ecosystem services, resilience, sustainability, food-energy-water nexus, socio-ecological systems and more. Provides an excellent basic knowledge on environmental systems, explains how these systems function and offers strategies on how to best manage them. Includes the most important problems and solutions facing environmental management today.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc. (the Hanford Tank Farm Operations contractor) and the Department of Energy's Office of River Protection have just completed the first phase of the Hanford Single-Shell Tank RCRA Corrective Action Program. The focus of this first phase was to characterize the nature and extent of past Hanford single-shell tank releases and to characterize the resulting fate and transport of the released contaminants. Most of these plumes are below 20 meters, with some reaching groundwater (at 60 to 120 meters below ground surface [bgs]).
Author: Sven Erik Jorgensen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000031721
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 3513
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Book Description
Winner of an Outstanding Academic Title Award from CHOICE Magazine Encyclopedia of Environmental Management gives a comprehensive overview of environmental problems, their sources, their assessment, and their solutions. Through in-depth entries and a topical table of contents, readers will quickly find answers to questions about specific pollution and management issues. Edited by the esteemed Sven Erik Jørgensen and an advisory board of renowned specialists, this four-volume set shares insights from more than 500 contributors—all experts in their fields. The encyclopedia provides basic knowledge for an integrated and ecologically sound management system. Nearly 400 alphabetical entries cover everything from air, soil, and water pollution to agriculture, energy, global pollution, toxic substances, and general pollution problems. Using a topical table of contents, readers can also search for entries according to the type of problem and the methodology. This allows readers to see the overall picture at a glance and find answers to the core questions: What is the pollution problem, and what are its sources? What is the "big picture," or what background knowledge do we need? How can we diagnose the problem, both qualitatively and quantitatively, using monitoring and ecological models, indicators, and services? How can we solve the problem with environmental technology, ecotechnology, cleaner technology, and environmental legislation? How do we address the problem as part of an integrated management strategy? This accessible encyclopedia examines the entire spectrum of tools available for environmental management. An indispensable resource, it guides environmental managers to find the best possible solutions to the myriad pollution problems they face. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact us to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367 / (email)
[email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062 / (email)
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