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Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
Killer virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a cytoplasmically- inherited virus that confers on persistently-infected yeast cells the ability to secrete a protein toxin which kills uninfected yeast cells but to which infected cells, denoted killers, are resistant (reviewed by Tipper and Bostian, 1984; Wickner, 1986). Killer toxin production can be assayed by halos of killing of a lawn of uninfected cells around killer colonies on a petri dish. The genome of the virus consists of two segments of double-stranded (ds) RNA that are separately encapsidated in cytoplasmic virions localized in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The L-A dsRNA segment is 4.9 kbp in length and encodes the major capsid protein (81 kd) of the virions and possibly a larger capsid-RNA polymerase fusion product by a -1 frame shift occurring at the translational level, analogous to that producing retrovirus gag-pol fusion protein (Icho and Wickner, 1988; Diamond et al, 1989).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
Killer virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a cytoplasmically- inherited virus that confers on persistently-infected yeast cells the ability to secrete a protein toxin which kills uninfected yeast cells but to which infected cells, denoted killers, are resistant (reviewed by Tipper and Bostian, 1984; Wickner, 1986). Killer toxin production can be assayed by halos of killing of a lawn of uninfected cells around killer colonies on a petri dish. The genome of the virus consists of two segments of double-stranded (ds) RNA that are separately encapsidated in cytoplasmic virions localized in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The L-A dsRNA segment is 4.9 kbp in length and encodes the major capsid protein (81 kd) of the virions and possibly a larger capsid-RNA polymerase fusion product by a -1 frame shift occurring at the translational level, analogous to that producing retrovirus gag-pol fusion protein (Icho and Wickner, 1988; Diamond et al, 1989).
Author: Boris Zinshteyn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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The goal of this thesis is to elucidate the mechanisms that govern translational efficiency (TE) - the amount of protein produced from each molecule of mRNA. While the mechanisms regulating the TE of a few specific messages are well understood, the general contribution of translational control to differences in cellular protein levels is currently unclear. Recent advances have enabled the direct measurement of protein levels and translation rates genome-wide, and studies in multiple organisms have found varying degrees of translation regulation, both at steady state, and in response to stress or developmental cues. Despite this influx of high-throughput data, the mechanisms underlying the differences in gene-specific and condition-dependent TE remain largely unknown. In this thesis, I describe the roles of two different components of the translational machinery in regulating translational efficiency. In Chapter 1, I discuss the features of mRNA coding sequences that can affect TE, thereby introducing Chapter 2, in which I investigate the role of a conserved anticodon tRNA modification in determining the rate of translation elongation and the phenotypic consequences of its loss for budding yeast. In Chapter 3, I discuss the regulation of translation initiation to introduce Chapter 4, in which I explore how the RNA binding specificity of the core translation factor, yeast eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), contributes to genome-wide competition between mRNAs. Finally, I will discuss future directions for this work.
Author: Johannes Jacobus van den Heuvel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Author: Weidong Yang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319773097
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
Dysfunction of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport systems has been associated with many human diseases. Thus, understanding of how functional this transport system maintains, or through dysfunction fails to maintain remains the core question in cell biology. In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope (NE) separates the genetic transcription in the nucleus from the translational machinery in the cytoplasm. Thousands of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded on the NE selectively mediate the bidirectional trafficking of macromolecules such as RNAs and proteins between these two cellular compartments. In this book, the authors integrate recent progress on the structure of NPC and the mechanism of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport system in vitro and in vivo.
Author: Nahum Sonenberg
Publisher: CSHL Press
ISBN: 9780879696184
Category : Gene expression
Languages : en
Pages : 1034
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Book Description
Since the 1996 publication of Translational Control, there has been fresh interest in protein synthesis and recognition of the key role of translation control mechanisms in regulating gene expression. This new monograph updates and expands the scope of the earlier book but it also takes a fresh look at the field. In a new format, the first eight chapters provide broad overviews, while each of the additional twenty-eight has a focus on a research topic of more specific interest. The result is a thoroughly up-to-date account of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation, control mechanisms in development in response to extracellular stimuli, and the effects on the translation machinery of virus infection and disease. This book is essential reading for students entering the field and an invaluable resource for investigators of gene expression and its control.
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Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Peter Zwickl
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364259414X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
This volume gives an overview of pro tea some-mediated protein degradation and the regulatory role of the ubiquitin system in cellular proteolysis. The first chapter describes the molecular evolution of the proteasome and its associated activators, i. e. , the 20S core, the base and the lid of the 19S cap, and the 11 S regulator. The ensuing chapter gives an overview of the structure and assembly of the 20S proteasome and the regulation of the archaeal proteasome by PAN. The third contribution summarizes our knowledge on the eukaryotic 26S proteasome and its regulation by the 19S regu lator, followed by a chapter devoted to the llS regulator, which elucidates the structural basis for the 11 S-mediated activation of the 20S proteasome. The fifth chapter reviews in detail the role of the proteasome in the immune response. The subsequent chapter of the natural substrates of the gives a comprehensive description proteasome and their recognition by the enzymes of the ubiqui tination machinery. The penultimate chapter rounds up the in formation on intracellular distribution of proteasomes in yeast and mammalian cells, while the last contribution highlights proteasome inhibitors, tools which proved to be very valuable for dissecting the cellular roles of the proteasome and which might turn out to be of pharmacological importance.
Author: Jens Nielsen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540453008
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
Metabolic engineering is a rapidly evolving field that is being applied for the optimization of many different industrial processes. In this issue of Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, developments in different areas of metabolic engineering are reviewed. The contributions discuss the application of metabolic engineering in the improvement of yield and productivity - illustrated by amino acid production and the production of novel compounds - in the production of polyketides and extension of the substrate range - and in the engineering of S. cerevisiae for xylose metabolism, and the improvement of a complex biotransformation process.
Author: Bernard Jurque De la Cruz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Author: Claude Kipnis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662037521
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
This book has been long awaited in the "interacting particle systems" community. Begun by Claude Kipnis before his untimely death, it was completed by Claudio Landim, his most brilliant student and collaborator. It presents the techniques used in the proof of the hydrodynamic behavior of interacting particle systems.
