Author: Di Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) are two crops central to indigenous America and of great global agricultural importance. However, the landraces of common bean are largely underrepresented in genebanks, and despite the importance of elements and tocochromanols to plant function and human health, there are still gaps in the understanding of the transport and accumulation of these nutrients in maize grain. Through the array of research tools offered by the field of population genomics and quantitative genetics, this dissertation works towards addressing such gaps. The genomic characterization of ~ 300 accessions of common bean from Native Seeds/SEARCH collected from southwestern US and northwestern Mexico established it as a unique and underrepresented resource that contained important genetic diversity. Five genes encoding MYB transcription factors proximal to the C locus were identified, which is a complex genomic region responsible for the primary control of seed coat patterns. An additional novel association for partial colored seed coats was identified on chromosome 10. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with high density SNP set and the 1500-line Ames panel, I investigated the genetic basis of natural variation for the concentration of 11 elements in grain and identified a total of nine causal genes encoding metal chelator or transporter. Notably, two novel associations were reported between rte2 and irt1 with boron and nickel, respectively, and a potential biofortification target, nas5, was identified for both zinc and iron. Similar moderate predictive abilities (0.33-0.53) were obtained for the 11 grain elemental phenotypes with Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR) and BayesB. However, BayesB, allowing SNPs to have large effects, had a better fit to the genetic architecture of nickel, molybdenum, and copper, thus outperforming BRR by 4-10%. Finally, through GWAS, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, 13 causal genes that were mostly under strong cis-regulatory control were identified to associate with tocochromanol levels in maize grain. Four genes were pinpointed to be associated with tocochromanol concentrations in maize grain, including vte5, dxs1, vte7, and samt. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates a multidisciplinary approach to characterize a unique common bean collection and the genetic control of its seed coat pattern, and provides a comprehensive assessment of the genetic basis of nutritional qualities in maize grain.
Author: Paulo Cesar Izquierdo Romero
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legumes for human consumption worldwide and is an important source of protein, vitamins, and micronutrients in the human diet. This research aimed to i) uncover the genetic architecture of yield, Fe bioavailability and seed micronutrient concentration, ii) characterize the genetic control of canning quality traits, and ii) assess the accuracy of genomic prediction models for yield and end-use quality traits. The genetic architecture of yield and seed micronutrient concentration was assessed through a combination of meta-QTL analyses integrating published studies over the last two decades in dry bean. A Gaussian mixture model was used to determine the number of distinct QTL in the meta-QTL analyses. Consistent meta-QTL over different genetic backgrounds and environments were identified, reducing the confidence interval compared with initial QTL. Furthermore, a genome-wide association (GWA) study with 295 lines of the yellow bean collection and 82 yellow recombinant inbred lines identified a major QTL for Fe bioavailability related to the ground factor P gene. A black breeding panel with 415 lines was evaluated for yield and canning quality traits in two growing seasons. Consistent associations for color retention, appearance and texture of canned beans were identified across years. Genomic prediction models provided moderate to high accuracy for end-use quality traits on the yellow and black populations. The genomic prediction accuracy was related to the heritability of each trait, and improvement of accuracy was observed for complex traits when secondary traits were included in the model, while for traits with major QTL, the use of associated markers as fixed effects increased prediction ability. The use of meta-QTL analyses and GWA in this study lays a foundation of the genetic control of yield and end-use quality traits and reveals the potential of genomic prediction for these traits in dry beans.
Author: Kent Bradford
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405173270
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
The formation, dispersal and germination of seeds are crucial stages in the life cycles of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. The unique properties of seeds, particularly their tolerance to desiccation, their mobility, and their ability to schedule their germination to coincide with times when environmental conditions are favorable to their survival as seedlings, have no doubt contributed significantly to the success of seed-bearing plants. Humans are also dependent upon seeds, which constitute the majority of the world’s staple foods (e.g., cereals and legumes). Seeds are an excellent system for studying fundamental developmental processes in plant biology, as they develop from a single fertilized zygote into an embryo and endosperm, in association with the surrounding maternal tissues. As genetic and molecular approaches have become increasingly powerful tools for biological research, seeds have become an attractive system in which to study a wide array of metabolic processes and regulatory systems. Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination provides a comprehensive overview of seed biology from the point of view of the developmental and regulatory processes that are involved in the transition from a developing seed through dormancy and into germination and seedling growth. It examines the complexity of the environmental, physiological, molecular and genetic interactions that occur through the life cycle of seeds, along with the concepts and approaches used to analyze seed dormancy and germination behavior. It also identifies the current challenges and remaining questions for future research. The book is directed at plant developmental biologists, geneticists, plant breeders, seed biologists and graduate students.
Author: Joanna M. Cross
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889199525
Category : Botany
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
Natural diversity has been extensively used to understand plant biology and improve crops. However, studies were commonly based on visual phenotypes or on a few measurable parameters. Nowadays, a large number of parameters can be measured thanks to next generation sequencing, metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics thus providing an unprecedented resolution in the detection of natural diversity. This enhanced resolution offers new possibilities in terms of understanding plant biology. Technology advances also contribute to a better assessment of the biodiversity loss currently taking place. Hence, the topic presents an overview on efforts for maintaining biological diversity in crops, on possibilities offered by recent technologies in the assessment of natural variation, and ends with examples of the diversity found even at the cellular level.
Author: Jules Janick
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471997986
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops. It is a serial title that appears in the form of one or two volumes per year.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309437385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607
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Book Description
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Author: Victor Sadras
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128191953
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 780
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Book Description
Crop Physiology: Case Histories of Major Crops updates the physiology of broad-acre crops with a focus on the genetic, environmental and management drivers of development, capture and efficiency in the use of radiation, water and nutrients, the formation of yield and aspects of quality. These physiological process are presented in a double context of challenges and solutions. The challenges to increase plant-based food, fodder, fiber and energy against the backdrop of population increase, climate change, dietary choices and declining public funding for research and development in agriculture are unprecedented and urgent. The proximal technological solutions to these challenges are genetic improvement and agronomy. Hence, the premise of the book is that crop physiology is most valuable when it engages meaningfully with breeding and agronomy. With contributions from 92 leading scientists from around the world, each chapter deals with a crop: maize, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum and oat; quinoa; soybean, field pea, chickpea, peanut, common bean, lentil, lupin and faba bean; sunflower and canola; potato, cassava, sugar beet and sugarcane; and cotton. A crop-based approach to crop physiology in a G x E x M context Captures the perspectives of global experts on 22 crops
Author: Marcelino Pérez de la Vega
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319635263
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
This book provides insights into the genetics and the latest advances in genomics research on the common bean, offering a timely overview of topics that are pertinent for future developments in legume genomics. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume crop for food consumption worldwide, as well as a model for legume research, and the availability of the genome sequence has completely changed the paradigm of the ongoing research on the species. Key topics covered include the numerous genetic and genomic resources, available tools, the identified genes and quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified, and there is a particular emphasis on domestication. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the genetics and genomics of the common bean and legumes in general.
Author: Antonio M. De Ron
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493927973
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
This book is devoted to grain legumes and include eight chapters devoted to the breeding of specific grain legume crops and five general chapters dealing with important topics which are common to most of the species in focus. Soybean is not included in the book as it is commonly considered an oil crop more than a grain legume and is included in the Oil Crops Volume of the Handbook of Plant Breeding.Legume species belong to the Fabaceae family and are characterized by their fruit, usually called pod. Several species of this family were domesticated by humans, such as soybean, common bean, faba bean, pea, chickpea, lentil, peanut, or cowpea. Some of these species are of great relevance as human and animal food. Food legumes are consumed either by their immature pod or their dry seeds, which have a high protein content. Globally, grain legumes are the most relevant source of plant protein, especially in many countries of Africa and Latin America, but there are some constraints in their production, such as a poor adaptation, pest and diseases and unstable yield. Current research trends in Legumes are focused on new methodologies involving genetic and omic studies, as well as new approaches to the genetic improvement of these species, including the relationships with their symbiotic rhizobia.
Author: Jean-Michel Mérillon
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3319780301
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2353
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Book Description
This reference work provides comprehensive information about the bioactive molecules presented in our daily food and their effect on the physical and mental state of our body. Although the concept of functional food is new, the consumption of selected food to attain a specific effect existed already in ancient civilizations, namely of China and India. Consumers are now more attentive to food quality, safety and health benefits, and the food industry is led to develop processed- and packaged-food, particularly in terms of calories, quality, nutritional value and bioactive molecules. This book covers the entire range of bioactive molecules presented in daily food, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, vitamin C, polyphenols, bioactive molecules presented in wine, beer and cider. Concepts like French paradox, Mediterranean diet, healthy diet of eating fruits and vegetables, vegan and vegetarian diet, functional foods are described with suitable case studies. Readers will also discover a very timely compilation of methods for bioactive molecules analysis. Written by highly renowned scientists of the field, this reference work appeals to a wide readership, from graduate students, scholars, researchers in the field of botany, agriculture, pharmacy, biotechnology and food industry to those involved in manufacturing, processing and marketing of value-added food products.
