Author: Sanjeeb T. Bose
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The governing equations for large-eddy simulation (LES) are derived from the application of a low-pass filter to the Navier-Stokes equations. LES has shown to be a tractable method for the computation of high Reynolds number turbulent flows, primarily because the filtration of the Navier-Stokes equations removes the small scales of motion that would otherwise impose prohibitive resolution requirements. The effect of the scales of motion that are smaller than the filter width on the large, resolved scales are then modeled. In practice, the filter used to derive the LES governing equation is not formally defined and instead, it is assumed that the discretization of LES equation will implicitly act as a low-pass filter. This study investigates an alternative derivation of the LES governing equations that requires the formal definition of the filtration operator, known as explicitly filtered LES. It is shown that decoupling the filtering operation from the underlying grid allows for the isolation of subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling errors from numerical discretization errors. In this grid-independent context, it is demonstrated that standard eddy viscosity models are inaccurate at coarse resolutions. By leveraging the definition of the filtering operator, an SGS model is subsequently derived from a low order perturbation of the explicitly filtered governing equations. LES of canonical wall bounded flows (e.g., channels and ducts) at coarse resolutions validate the improved accuracy of the proposed SGS model. Simulations of practical engineering configurations require the ability to handle complex geometries. Previous explicitly filtered LES calculations have been limited to structured grid discretizations because of the difficulty in constructing a low-pass filter on unstructured grids. The explicitly filtered framework and the proposed SGS model are extended for use in unstructured grid environments through the use of differential filters. Unstructured grids also provide the ability to locally increase resolution in regions of the flow where the SGS model is unable to accurately model the stress provided by the unresolved scales of motion. A novel adaptation technique is suggested where the mesh (and/or filter) is refined in regions of the flow where estimates of the SGS fluctuations are largest. An LES of a three-dimensional stalled diffuser is performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the SGS model based mesh refinement criteria and the capabilities of the differential filters on unstructured grids. Lastly, a dynamic wall boundary condition is derived from the differential filter for wall-modeled large-eddy simulation where the near wall turbulence is not resolved. This differential filter based wall model successfully predicts mean dynamics of both wall-bounded flows (channels) and separating flows in complex geometries (airfoil at near-stall conditions) without the prescription of any ad hoc coefficients or RANS/LES hybridization.
Author: Jessica Gullbrand
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
The most commonly used Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach is the implicitly filtered approach. In implicitly filtered LES, the computational grid and the discretization operators are considered as the filtering of the governing equations. Thereby the turbulent flow field is divided into grid resolved and unresolved scales, where the unresolved scales must be modeled. When explicit filtering is used in LES, the filtering procedure of the governing equations is separated from the grid and discretization operations. The flow field is divided into resolved filtered scale (RFS) motions, and subfilter-scale (SFS) motions. The SFS is itself divided into a resolved part (RSFS) and an unresolved part (USFS) (Zhou et at. 2001); see figure 1. The RFS motion is obtained by solving the filtered Navier-Stokes equations. The RSFS motions can be reconstructed from the resolved field and occur due to the use of a smooth (in spectral space) filter function. The USFS motions consist of scales that are not resolved in the simulation and need to be modeled. The explicitly filtered governing equations were recently studied by Carati et al. (2001) in forced isotropic turbulence.
Author: Mostafa Najafiyazdi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"In Computational Aeroacoustic (CAA) applications of Large-Eddy Simulations (LES), accurate control over turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation is needed to minimize aliasing and obtain accurate broad-band noise estimations. Among different LES approaches, Approximate Deconvolution Models (ADM) allow direct control of the TKE dissipation rate for the resolvable wavenumber scales. This control is obtained by applying an explicitly defined spatial filter on the computed flow fields. InADM schemes, filtered Navier-Stokes equations are used where the filtering operator is explicitly defined. Approximate deconvolution approaches are used to estimate the unfiltered quantities used in constructing the nonlinear flux terms. Given a filter operator, the energy dissipation associated with filtering can be quantified. ADM has been successfully applied on structured grids using discrete high-order filter operators. Its application on unstructured grid has been very limited due to lack of a proper filter.The objective of the present work was to extend the application of Approximate Deconvolution Models (ADM) for LES on unstructured grids by using explicit differential filters. Germano’s elliptic differential filter was successfully extended to include two free parameters. One ensured full attenuation at grid cut-off wavenumber, preventing aliasing due to LES and stabilizing the numerical scheme. The other controlled the filter cut-off wavenumber. The discretized formulation of this differential filter was developed for two- and three-dimensional elements. Dissipation and dispersion properties of the discrete differential filter were investigated in detail.A second-order classical finite element method (FEM) was used for spatial discretization of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Time integration was performed through the use of the standard fourth-order explicit Runge-Kutta scheme. Interpolation on high resolution grids was used to obtain the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the flow fields on perturbed and unstructured grids.Decaying isotropic homogeneous turbulence at Reynolds number 3, 400 was modeled on both structured and unstructured grids. Results were compared to a reference direct numerical simulation (DNS) and other LES results reported in the literature. The effect of mesh anisotropy on the newly proposed differential filter performance was studied. It was observed that stable and sufficiently accurate LES results could be obtained on unstructured grids, even in the presence of highly skewed elements. Careful examination of the dissipation rate in the resolved wavenumbers suggested that grid anisotropy induces different cut-off wavenumbers in different directions resulting in higher dissipation rates than those obtained on an isotropic mesh.Taylor-Green vortex (TGV) was also studied as an excellent canonical problem for laminar to turbulence transition of a flow. LES simulations using the ADM framework were conducted in which the filter extended to three-dimensional elements was used. Investigative studies on the ADM order, the ADM under-relaxation coefficient, the degree of anisotropy in the grid, and grid resolution were performed to benchmark the filter performance in conjunction with ADM. Finally, an LES of TGV on a fully unstructured grid was performed showing the range of application of the proposed filter"--
Author: Deconinck Willem
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659529887
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In the context of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of turbulent flows, there is a current need to compare and evaluate different proposed subfilter-scale models in order to assess their suitability for various applications. In order to carefully compare subfilter-scale models and compare LES predictions to Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) results (the latter would be helpful in the comparison and validation of models), there is a real need for a "grid-independent" LES capability and explicit filtering methods offer one means by which this may be achieved. Advantages of explicit filtering are that it provides a means for eliminating aliasing errors, allows for the direct control of commutation errors, and most importantly allows a decoupling between the mesh spacing and the filter width which is the primary reason why there are difficulties in comparing LES solutions obtained on different grids. This book considers the design and assessment of discrete explicit filters and their application to isotropic turbulence prediction. This book was submitted for the degree of Masters of Applied Science at the Graduate Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Toronto.
Author: Eric Garnier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048128196
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
This book addresses both the fundamentals and the practical industrial applications of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in order to bridge the gap between LES research and the growing need to use it in engineering modeling.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781721608942
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
In this paper, turbulence-closure models are evaluated using the 'true' LES approach in turbulent channel flow. The study is an extension of the work presented by Gullbrand (2001), where fourth-order commutative filter functions are applied in three dimensions in a fourth-order finite-difference code. The true LES solution is the grid-independent solution to the filtered governing equations. The solution is obtained by keeping the filter width constant while the computational grid is refined. As the grid is refined, the solution converges towards the true LES solution. The true LES solution will depend on the filter width used, but will be independent of the grid resolution. In traditional LES, because the filter is implicit and directly connected to the grid spacing, the solution converges towards a direct numerical simulation (DNS) as the grid is refined, and not towards the solution of the filtered Navier-Stokes equations. The effect of turbulence-closure models is therefore difficult to determine in traditional LES because, as the grid is refined, more turbulence length scales are resolved and less influence from the models is expected. In contrast, in the true LES formulation, the explicit filter eliminates all scales that are smaller than the filter cutoff, regardless of the grid resolution. This ensures that the resolved length-scales do not vary as the grid resolution is changed. In true LES, the cell size must be smaller than or equal to the cutoff length scale of the filter function. The turbulence-closure models investigated are the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM), the dynamic mixed model (DMM), and the dynamic reconstruction model (DRM). These turbulence models were previously studied using two-dimensional explicit filtering in turbulent channel flow by Gullbrand & Chow (2002). The DSM by Germano et al. (1991) is used as the USFS model in all the simulations. This enables evaluation of different reconstruction models for the RSFS stresses. The DMM co
Author: Bernard J. Geurts
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110531828
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive overview of the mathematics and physics behind the simulation of turbulent flows and discusses in detail (i) the phenomenology of turbulence in fluid dynamics, (ii) the role of direct and large-eddy simulation in predicting these dynamics, (iii) the multiple considerations underpinning subgrid modelling, and, (iv) the issue of validation and reliability resulting from interacting modelling and numerical errors.
Author: Willem Deconinck
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494587713
Category : Aerospace engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Book Description
In the context of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of turbulent flows, there is a current need to compare and evaluate different proposed subfilter-scale models. In order to carefully compare subfilter-scale models and compare LES predictions to Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) results (the latter would be helpful in the comparison and validation of models), there is a real need for a "grid-independent" LES capability and explicit filtering methods offer one means by which this may be achieved. Advantages of explicit filtering are that it provides a means for eliminating aliasing errors, allows for the direct control of commutation errors, and most importantly allows a decoupling between the mesh spacing and the filter width which is the primary reason why there are difficulties in comparing LES solutions obtained on different grids. This thesis considers the design and assessment of discrete explicit filters and their application to isotropic turbulence prediction.
Author: Santanu De
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811074100
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 663
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Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art models for turbulent combustion, with special emphasis on the theory, development and applications of combustion models in practical combustion systems. It simplifies the complex multi-scale and nonlinear interaction between chemistry and turbulence to allow a broader audience to understand the modeling and numerical simulations of turbulent combustion, which remains at the forefront of research due to its industrial relevance. Further, the book provides a holistic view by covering a diverse range of basic and advanced topics—from the fundamentals of turbulence–chemistry interactions, role of high-performance computing in combustion simulations, and optimization and reduction techniques for chemical kinetics, to state-of-the-art modeling strategies for turbulent premixed and nonpremixed combustion and their applications in engineering contexts.
Author: P. Sagaut
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540263449
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
First concise textbook on Large-Eddy Simulation, a very important method in scientific computing and engineering From the foreword to the third edition written by Charles Meneveau: "... this meticulously assembled and significantly enlarged description of the many aspects of LES will be a most welcome addition to the bookshelves of scientists and engineers in fluid mechanics, LES practitioners, and students of turbulence in general."
