Author: Justin Legg
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267693037
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
Book Description
The development of alternative liquid fuels has shifted from fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel, which are often created from food sources, to more advanced feedstocks, such as Algae, and synthetic fuels, such as Fischer-Tropsch diesel and other "renewable" fuels. This study was designed to characterize the physical combustion performance of ethanol, biodiesel, and an algae-derived "Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel." The physical properties of the fuels were characterized in order to describe the atomization behavior. In addition, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry provided insight into the chemical composition of each fuel. A swirl-stabilized research combustor was used to conduct experiments to simulate gas turbine combustion, and emissions and lean stability limits were measured. At cold-flow conditions, ensemble laser diffraction provided measurements of atomization characteristics, and high-speed cinematography provided additional insight. Most of the fuels had similar atomization characteristics, despite having a wide range of physical properties, which is attributed to the atomization strategy used in this work. However, biodiesel did exhibit larger droplets (5 microns larger on average), indicating that viscosity does have some effect on prompt atomization. Due to the nature of its production, the Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel performed similar to the conventional petroleum fuels, suggesting a high degree of interchangeability with conventional fuels. Ethanol, with the highest oxygen content, and the lowest heating value produced the lowest NOx emissions. Among the fuels examined, differences in emissions were attributed to differences in the evaporation and chemical behavior; with alternative fuels showing benefit over the conventional fuel.
Experimental Investigation of Physical Combustion Characteristics for Alternative Liquid Fuels
Author: Justin Legg
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267693037
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
Book Description
The development of alternative liquid fuels has shifted from fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel, which are often created from food sources, to more advanced feedstocks, such as Algae, and synthetic fuels, such as Fischer-Tropsch diesel and other "renewable" fuels. This study was designed to characterize the physical combustion performance of ethanol, biodiesel, and an algae-derived "Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel." The physical properties of the fuels were characterized in order to describe the atomization behavior. In addition, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry provided insight into the chemical composition of each fuel. A swirl-stabilized research combustor was used to conduct experiments to simulate gas turbine combustion, and emissions and lean stability limits were measured. At cold-flow conditions, ensemble laser diffraction provided measurements of atomization characteristics, and high-speed cinematography provided additional insight. Most of the fuels had similar atomization characteristics, despite having a wide range of physical properties, which is attributed to the atomization strategy used in this work. However, biodiesel did exhibit larger droplets (5 microns larger on average), indicating that viscosity does have some effect on prompt atomization. Due to the nature of its production, the Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel performed similar to the conventional petroleum fuels, suggesting a high degree of interchangeability with conventional fuels. Ethanol, with the highest oxygen content, and the lowest heating value produced the lowest NOx emissions. Among the fuels examined, differences in emissions were attributed to differences in the evaporation and chemical behavior; with alternative fuels showing benefit over the conventional fuel.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267693037
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
Book Description
The development of alternative liquid fuels has shifted from fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel, which are often created from food sources, to more advanced feedstocks, such as Algae, and synthetic fuels, such as Fischer-Tropsch diesel and other "renewable" fuels. This study was designed to characterize the physical combustion performance of ethanol, biodiesel, and an algae-derived "Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel." The physical properties of the fuels were characterized in order to describe the atomization behavior. In addition, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry provided insight into the chemical composition of each fuel. A swirl-stabilized research combustor was used to conduct experiments to simulate gas turbine combustion, and emissions and lean stability limits were measured. At cold-flow conditions, ensemble laser diffraction provided measurements of atomization characteristics, and high-speed cinematography provided additional insight. Most of the fuels had similar atomization characteristics, despite having a wide range of physical properties, which is attributed to the atomization strategy used in this work. However, biodiesel did exhibit larger droplets (5 microns larger on average), indicating that viscosity does have some effect on prompt atomization. Due to the nature of its production, the Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel performed similar to the conventional petroleum fuels, suggesting a high degree of interchangeability with conventional fuels. Ethanol, with the highest oxygen content, and the lowest heating value produced the lowest NOx emissions. Among the fuels examined, differences in emissions were attributed to differences in the evaporation and chemical behavior; with alternative fuels showing benefit over the conventional fuel.
Experimental Investigation of Combustion Process of Natural and Emulsified Liquid Fuels [with List of References]
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Process of Natural and Emulsified Liquid Fuels
Author: Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Ivanov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
Experimental Investigation of Physical and Combustion Properties of Several Residual Fuel Oils and Magnesium-fuel-oil Slurries in a Ram-jet-type Combustor
Author: Preston N. Jr Cook
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
Combustion Characteristics of Alternative Liquid Fuels
Author: Tung Chong Cheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Fossil Energy Update
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fossil fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 748
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fossil fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 748
Book Description
Energy Research Abstracts
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 762
Book Description
Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 762
Book Description
Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Fuel Flexible Clean Combustion of Liquid Fuels by a Novel Twin Fluid Atomization
Author: Yonas Goitom Niguse
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 404
Book Description
Research on alternative fuel combustion systems is important to address global energy and environmental concerns. Renewable fuels, such as biofuels have attracted significant attention as potential sources to achieve energy security and to tackle environmental issues. However, these alternatives haven't yet been fully utilized because much of the existing combustion systems are set up for traditional fossil-fuels. This study focuses on fuel-flexible combustion of diesel, vegetable oil (VO) and glycerol fuels by a novel technique of twin-fluid atomization known as Flow Blurring (FB) atomization, at different operating pressures. The first part of this study discusses scalability considerations of FB atomization, with an objective to develop a scaled-up fuel-flexible combustor. Several scaling parameters that affect the processes of atomization, fuel-air mixing, and combustion are analyzed to select scaling criteria for all components of the combustor. A scaled-up 60-kWth capacity combustor is developed and experimentally investigated using diesel and VO fuels. Results show that the scaled-up system's performance is comparable to the small scale system in terms of flame appearance, emission levels, and static flame stability. Next, the scaled-up system's combustion performance with glycerol fuel is investigated in laboratory and at industrial test site. Glycerol is extremely difficult to atomize because of its high viscosity. The lab combustor was able to burn glycerol cleanly, with low CO and NOx emissions. At industrial test site, combustion experiments with 40% methane and 60% glycerol resulted in stable flame. Next, effect of operating pressure on flame characteristics and injector pressure drop is experimentally investigated with diesel, at pressures ranging from 101.3 kPa to 450 kPa. Normalized pressure drop across the injector increased with increase in atomizing air flow rate and decreased with increase in pressure. An increase in chamber pressure resulted in increase in CO levels and decrease in NOx emissions. Increase in pressure also produced less lifted flames with increased yellow zones. Finally, combustion performance of VO is investigated at elevated pressures. Compared to diesel, VO produced larger flames exhibiting more distributed combustion and lower NOx emissions. At high pressures diesel flames contained significantly higher portions of yellow or sooty regions compared to VO.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 404
Book Description
Research on alternative fuel combustion systems is important to address global energy and environmental concerns. Renewable fuels, such as biofuels have attracted significant attention as potential sources to achieve energy security and to tackle environmental issues. However, these alternatives haven't yet been fully utilized because much of the existing combustion systems are set up for traditional fossil-fuels. This study focuses on fuel-flexible combustion of diesel, vegetable oil (VO) and glycerol fuels by a novel technique of twin-fluid atomization known as Flow Blurring (FB) atomization, at different operating pressures. The first part of this study discusses scalability considerations of FB atomization, with an objective to develop a scaled-up fuel-flexible combustor. Several scaling parameters that affect the processes of atomization, fuel-air mixing, and combustion are analyzed to select scaling criteria for all components of the combustor. A scaled-up 60-kWth capacity combustor is developed and experimentally investigated using diesel and VO fuels. Results show that the scaled-up system's performance is comparable to the small scale system in terms of flame appearance, emission levels, and static flame stability. Next, the scaled-up system's combustion performance with glycerol fuel is investigated in laboratory and at industrial test site. Glycerol is extremely difficult to atomize because of its high viscosity. The lab combustor was able to burn glycerol cleanly, with low CO and NOx emissions. At industrial test site, combustion experiments with 40% methane and 60% glycerol resulted in stable flame. Next, effect of operating pressure on flame characteristics and injector pressure drop is experimentally investigated with diesel, at pressures ranging from 101.3 kPa to 450 kPa. Normalized pressure drop across the injector increased with increase in atomizing air flow rate and decreased with increase in pressure. An increase in chamber pressure resulted in increase in CO levels and decrease in NOx emissions. Increase in pressure also produced less lifted flames with increased yellow zones. Finally, combustion performance of VO is investigated at elevated pressures. Compared to diesel, VO produced larger flames exhibiting more distributed combustion and lower NOx emissions. At high pressures diesel flames contained significantly higher portions of yellow or sooty regions compared to VO.
Fundamental characterization of alternate fuel effects in continuous combustion systems
Author: Exxon Research and Engineering Company. Government Research Laboratories
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
An Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Properties of a Hydrocarbon Fuel and Several Magnesium and Boron Slurries
Author: Albert M. Lord
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Book Description