Evolutionary and Functional Analysis of Gene Expression Regulation in Drosophila Melanogaster PDF Download
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Author: Winfried Hense
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
Author: Winfried Hense
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Author: Heather Ann Flores
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Reproduction is fundamentally important for organismal fitness. While it is critical that each step in reproduction proceed correctly, many of the genes that regulate these processes are adaptively evolving in response to both internal and external selective pressures. We have previously shown that the bag of marbles (bam) and benign gonial cell neoplasm (bgcn) genes are evolving under rapid, adaptive evolution in D. melanogaster and D. simulans. These genes act at the earliest stages of reproduction, germline stem cell (GSC) regulation. In the first study, I expand population genetic analyses to genes that play a role in GSC regulation and/or genetically interact with bam. I find that multiple GSC regulatory genes show evidence of rapid, adaptive evolution in D. melanogaster and/or D. simulans. These genes play very different roles in the regulation of GSCs, and their diverse functions and expression patterns suggest that multiple selective pressures are acting to drive the evolution of GSC regulatory genes. In a second study, I focused on bam to determine the functional consequences of bam's sequence divergence. I developed a transgenesis assay to determine the ability of a bam orthologs from D. melanogaster and D. simulans to rescue the male and female sterility of a D. melanogaster bam mutation. I found that while D. simulans can rescue D. melanogaster bam male sterility, it fails to fully rescue female sterility suggesting that the selective pressure driving the evolution of bam is present in the female germline. In the final study, I investigated the hypothesis that the bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis, is driving the adaptive evolution of bam. I found that Wolbachia and bam genetically interact by showing that Wolbachia can rescue the fertility defects of a bam hypomorph. I found that D. melanogaster-specific Wolbachia is unable to accumulate as well in the presence of a D. simulans bam ortholog which is consistent with a model that Wolbachia is co-evolving with bam and supports the hypothesis that Wolbachia is driving the adaptive evolution of bam.
Author: Xiaqing Zhao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Understanding the genetic basis of adaptation has been and remains to be one major goal of ecological and evolutionary genetics. The variation in diapause propensity in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster represents different life-history strategies underlying adaptation to regular and widespread environmental heterogeneity, thus provides an ideal model to study the genetic control of ecologically important complex phenotype. This work employs global genomic and transcriptomic approaches to identify genetic polymorphisms co-segregating with diapause propensity, as well as genes that are differentially regulated at the transcriptional level as a function of the diapause phenotype. I show that genetic polymorphisms co-segregating with diapause propensity are found throughout all major chromosomes, demonstrating that diapause is a multi-genic trait. I show that diapause in D. melanogaster is an actively regulated phenotype at the transcriptional level, suggesting that diapause is not a simple physiological or reproductive quiescence. I also demonstrate that genetic polymorphisms co-segregating with diapause propensity, as well as genes differentially expressed as a function of diapause are enriched for clinally varying and seasonal oscillating SNPs, supporting the hypothesis that natural variation in diapause propensity underlies adaptation to spatially and temporally varying selective pressures. In addition to global genomic and transcriptomic screens, I also performed functional analysis of one candidate polymorphism on the gene Crystalllin, which represents an intersection of multiple global screens related to seasonal adaptation. I show that this polymorphism affects patterns of gene expression and a subset of fitness-related phenotypes including diapause, in an environment-specific manner. Taken together, this work provide a holistic view of the genetic basis of a complex trait underlying climatic adaptation in wild populations of D. melanogaster, linking genetic polymorphism, gene regulation, organismal phenotype, population dynamics and environmental parameters.
Author: Rabindra N. Chatterjee
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662118297
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
During the last decades a breakthrough in the understanding of the mechanisms controlling development has been achieved. This has been possible, in great part, by the use of various experimental approaches. This book focuses on topics concerning some of the processes involved in development, the main emphasis being on the genetic and molecular mechanisms in the evolutionary context. Drosophila is used as an experimental model for the genetic approach to the understanding of behaviour.
Author: Claus Kemkemer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Veronica van Heyningen
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080877818
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 415
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Book Description
Long-Range Control of Gene Expression covers the current progress in understanding the mechanisms for genomic control of gene expression, which has grown considerably in the last few years as insight into genome organization and chromatin regulation has advanced. Discusses the evolution of cis-regulatory sequences in drosophila Includes information on genomic imprinting and imprinting defects in humans Includes a chapter on epigenetic gene regulation in cancer
Author: Scott S. Pitnick
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080919871
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 683
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Book Description
Sperm Biology represents the first analysis of the evolutionary significance of sperm phenotypes and derived sperm traits and the possible selection pressures responsible for sperm-egg coevolution. An understanding of sperm evolution is fast developing and promises to shed light on many topics from basic reproductive biology to the evolutionary process itself as well as the sperm proteome, the sperm genome and the quantitative genetics of sperm. The Editors have identified 15 topics of current interest and biological significance to cover all aspects of this bizarre, fascinating and important subject. It comprises the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the evolution of sperm and pointers for future research, written by experts in both sperm biology and evolutionary biology. The combination of evolution and sperm is a potent mix, and this is the definitive account. - The first review survey of this emerging field - Written by experts from a broad array of disciplines from the physiological and biomedical to the ecological and evolutionary - Sheds light on the intricacies of reproduction and the coevolution of sperm, egg and reproductive behavior
Author: Clint Jade Winkler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Author: National Academy of Sciences
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.
Author: Sean B. Carroll
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118685202
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 475
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Book Description
In this landmark work, the author team led by Dr. Sean Carroll presents the general principles of the genetic basis of morphological change through a synthesis of evolutionary biology with genetics and embryology. In this extensively revised second edition, the authors delve into the latest discoveries, incorporating new coverage of comparative genomics, molecular evolution of regulatory proteins and elements, and microevolution of animal development. An accessible text, focusing on the most well-known genes, developmental processes and taxa. Builds logically from developmental genetics and regulatory mechanisms to evolution at different genetic morphological levels. Adds major insights from recent genome studies, new evo-devo biology research findings, and a new chapter on models of variation and divergence among closely related species. Provides in-depth focus on key concepts through well-developed case studies. Features clear, 4-color illustrations and photographs, chapter summaries, references and a glossary. Presents the research of Dr. Carroll, a pioneer in the field and the past president of the Society for Developmental Biology.
