Evolution of the Cimmeridge Orogenic System and Its Implications for the Tectonics of Eurasia: Products of the Closure of the Palaeo-Tethys PDF Download
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Author: A. M. Celâl Şengör
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
Author: A. M. Celâl Şengör
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 536
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: A. M. Celâl ?engör
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813721954
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
The analysis presented here suggests that nearly all of the Eurasian "intra-cratonic" structures, classically viewed by some geologists to have resulted from primary vertical movements, may be products of horizontal movements caused by repeated orogenies around the periphery of cratons. Understanding the evolution of the Cimtnerides together with their fore- and hinterlands sheds much light on the Mesozoic tectonics of all of Asia and eastern Europe and leads to a number of interesting concepts concerning continental evolution, such as "hidden subduction." Finally, a study on the evolution of ideas on the Cimmerides clearly shows how much we remain under the spell of the Kober-Stillean fixist philosophy.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: A. M. Celâl Şengör
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789789789788
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
The analysis presented here suggests that nearly all of the Eurasian "intra-cratonic" structures, classically viewed by some geologists to have resulted from primary vertical movements, may be products of horizontal movements caused by repeated orogenies around the periphery of cratons. Understanding the evolution of the Cimtnerides together with their fore- and hinterlands sheds much light on the Mesozoic tectonics of all of Asia and eastern Europe and leads to a number of interesting concepts concerning continental evolution, such as "hidden subduction." Finally, a study on the evolution of ideas on the Cimmerides clearly shows how much we remain under the spell of the Kober-Stillean fixist philosophy.
Author: A. M. Sengor
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780608077246
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Author: Richard D. Law
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813712130
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
Dedicated to Bob Hatcher, this Memoir explores linkages between tectonic processes through a series of field-, numerical- and laboratory-based studies, concentrating on feedback mechanisms within ancient and evolving orogens by which individual or linked tectonic processes may influence or predetermine the operation of other processes in space and time. Case studies cover a wide range of ancient to modern orogens: the Svecofennian of southern Finland, the Gyeonggi Massif of Korea, the Caledonides of northern Scotland, the Variscan of the East European craton, the Appalachians of the eastern United States, the European Alps and Dinarides, north Cascades of the northwestern United States, and the Himalaya. Emphasis is placed on integration between data sets developed from a wide range of analytical approaches, including: field mapping, seismic reflection profiling, strain analyses, petrology, isotopic dating, and numerical modeling-based studies of thermal evolution associated with tectonic processes such as thrust-related burial and exhumation.
Author: Donald E. Thompson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
Author: Peter Anthony Cawood
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 9781862392786
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
Accretionary orogens form at convergent plate boundaries and include the supra-subduction zone forearc, magmatic arc and backarc components. They can be broken into retreating and advancing types, based on their kinematic framework and resulting geological character.Accretionary systems have been active throughout Earth history, extending back until at least 3.2 Ga, and provide an important constraint on the initiation of horizontal motion of lithospheric plates on Earth. Accretionary orogens have been responsible for major growth of the continental lithosphere, through the addition of juvenile magmatic products, but are also major sites of consumption and reworking of continental crust through time.The aim of this volume is to provide a better understanding of accretionary processes and their role in the formation and evolution of the continental crust. Fourteen papers deal with general aspects of accretion and metamorphism and discuss examples of accretionary orogens and crustal growth through Earth history, from the Archaean to the Cenozoic.
Author: S. S. Merh
Publisher: Oxford & IBH Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Festschrift honoring Sukumar S. Merh, b. 1928, a former professor of geology, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Author: Adam Matthew Forte
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267970350
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The structure, morphology, and evolution of large orogenic systems have fundamentally informed our first-order understanding of how strain is accommodated within the Earth's crust. Yet, because of the inherently destructive nature of mountain building processes and the maturity of most well-studied orogens (e.g. the Alps, Himalayas, Andes), the early stages of orogeny are seldom preserved or difficult to interpret. As a result, our understanding of early orogenesis remains incomplete. However, because later stages of orogenic growth are heavily influenced by pre-existing structural architecture, characterizing processes that are fundamental in either the structural development or preservation of the structural record in young orogenic systems is essential. The Greater Caucasus (GC), which form the northern margin of the Arabia-Eurasia collision between the Black and Caspian Seas and represent the main locus of shortening within the central collision, are an active, young range (~5 million years old) and so represent a locality to investigate these early orogenic processes. In detail, the first order structures within the Greater Caucasus are poorly understood, with most previous work assuming that the majority of shortening is localized along the southern range-front of the range. The new structural and stratigraphic work presented here, indicates that the majority of post Pleistocene shortening is localized within the Kura Fold-Thrust Belt, a narrow belt of elevated topography ~20 km south of the GC range front in Azerbaijan and Georgia. In detail, initiation of the Kura Fold-Thrust Belt began between 2 and 1.5 Ma and has shortened at an average rate of ~8 mm/yr, equivalent to the current geodetically measured total shortening rate in this region. The Miocene to Pleistocene stratigraphic record of the Kura Basin, exposed in the Kura Fold-Thrust Belt, records the growth of the GC and elucidates earlier stages of their development. The stratal architecture, as defined in five measured sections within the fold-thrust belt, and provenance analysis from a suite of samples taken from within these measure sections, suggest that the southward propagation of deformation into the Kura Fold-Thrust Belt is the most recent stage of progressive southward movement of the active thrust front. The initial southward propagation formed the modern day range front of the GC and exposed a distinctive mafic to intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic source along the southern range front. This package originally formed the dominant source for sediments deposited during the early Pliocene within the northern Kura Basin. As progressive movement on this new thrust system continued, the thrust sheet containing the volcanics was mostly eroded away, with only a small amount of this material left in the modern geology of the range. While the provenance record of these strata faithfully record the structural evolution of the Greater Caucasus, the distribution of facies and the paleogeography of the northern Kura Basin appears largely insensitive to the growth of the > 5 km high Greater Caucasus. The spatial and temporal distribution of facies is instead primarily controlled by rapid (103 - 105 years) and large (> 1 km) changes in the base-level of the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea became separated from the open ocean during the progressive consumption of the Tethys Ocean as part of the larger Alpine-Himalaya collision, of which the Caucasus are a part, making the Caspian an internally drained basin. Once this occurred, the base-level of the Caspian Sea became chaotic, dependent on the climatically mediated hydrologic balance, sediment flux into the basin, and dynamic topography in the form of subsidence. In addition to exerting a primary influence on the distribution of facies within the Kura Basin, the large and rapid changes in the base-level of the Caspian significantly impact the geomorphology of the Greater Caucasus. Most rivers within the GC deviate significantly from equilibrium profiles, suggesting that as a whole the topography of the GC are not in a steady state. This likely results from waves of incision and aggradation within the river systems formed in response to fluctuations in Caspian base-level. An additional important factor in the non-steady state, or transient, nature of the GC is the apparent collision between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus Mountains. As evidenced from both the neotectonic geology within the Kura Fold-Thrust Belt and the older structural evolution of the main GC derived from the provenance history, the Greater Caucasus have been progressively expanding primarily via propagation of thrusts southward. This suggests that in terms of a bi-vergent orogenic wedge, the southern side of the range represents the pro-wedge. Recently within the tectonic history of the Greater Caucasus, the central portion of the southward propagating pro-wedge encountered an obstruction, namely the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. This effectively increases the basal friction within the pro-wedge, forcing the mountain range to begin deforming along the northern margin of the range in order to continue accreting material into the range to offset material lost through erosion. This has fundamentally altered the structural geometry of the range, with a nascent fold-thrust belt forming within the northern, central portion of the GC and also reinitiating structures within the GC hinterland. The results from this work highlight two key processes that are common during the early stages of continental collision. The first is the progressive closure of ocean basins and the formation of internally drained, segmented lake basins with chaotic base-levels. These changes in base-level can form the first-order control for the distribution of facies, obscuring direct links between stratigraphic architecture and orogenic evolution. The second is the result of two smaller mountain ranges colliding. This is likely a process common during terrane accretion as part of larger collisional events. The collision of these two ranges can effectively change the structural properties within the collision zone and can dramatically alter the structural evolution of one or both of the orogenic systems. Together these two processes have the potential to dramatically shape both the first-order evolution of an orogenic system, but also the degree to which this evolution can be interpreted from the stratigraphic record.
