Evaluation of the Use of Hydrogen-Oxygen as a Breathing Gas in Deep-Sea Diving PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Evaluation of the Use of Hydrogen-Oxygen as a Breathing Gas in Deep-Sea Diving PDF full book. Access full book title Evaluation of the Use of Hydrogen-Oxygen as a Breathing Gas in Deep-Sea Diving by Peter Edel. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Peter Edel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Get Book Here
Book Description
This study attempts to define the state-of-the-art for the use of Hydrogen-Oxygen mixtures for diving operations by compiling information relative to past and current research efforts in the U.S. and foreign countries. This information was utilized to indicate possible areas of application with this mixture for appropriate conditions and define areas in which hydrogen-oxygen mixtures could offer physiological advantages not possible with currently used breathing mixtures. Further research requirements prior to operational use of this mixture are indicated from this study and recommendations for current and future research and development needs are included in this report. Hydrogen-oxygen mixtures have shown sufficient advantage to warrant further research for possible future applications. Present experience indicates that H2-02 mixtures offer some potential advantages over present helium-oxygen bounce diving applications for operations where on site gas storage space is limited and/or resupply of breathing gas mixtures are a potential problem. Present experience indicates that H2-He-02 mixtures offer some potential advantages over present helium-oxygen saturation diving operations at depths where increased diver performance and reduction of breathing resistance is an important factor. Hydrogen narcosis effects and decompression requirements are the major primary physiological research areas requiring investigation prior to possible applications of such mixtures for operational usage.
Author: Peter Edel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Get Book Here
Book Description
This study attempts to define the state-of-the-art for the use of Hydrogen-Oxygen mixtures for diving operations by compiling information relative to past and current research efforts in the U.S. and foreign countries. This information was utilized to indicate possible areas of application with this mixture for appropriate conditions and define areas in which hydrogen-oxygen mixtures could offer physiological advantages not possible with currently used breathing mixtures. Further research requirements prior to operational use of this mixture are indicated from this study and recommendations for current and future research and development needs are included in this report. Hydrogen-oxygen mixtures have shown sufficient advantage to warrant further research for possible future applications. Present experience indicates that H2-02 mixtures offer some potential advantages over present helium-oxygen bounce diving applications for operations where on site gas storage space is limited and/or resupply of breathing gas mixtures are a potential problem. Present experience indicates that H2-He-02 mixtures offer some potential advantages over present helium-oxygen saturation diving operations at depths where increased diver performance and reduction of breathing resistance is an important factor. Hydrogen narcosis effects and decompression requirements are the major primary physiological research areas requiring investigation prior to possible applications of such mixtures for operational usage.
Author: James H. Dougherty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diving
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: James H Dougherty (Jr)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
Get Book Here
Book Description
A review of the characteristics of hydrogen as an inert gas for use in diving is presented, with special emphasis on the extention of the respiratory limitation in diving by use of this least dense of all gases. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 2 seconds (FEV2), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured on four subjects breathing 97% H2-3% O2 at 200 fsw, on two subjects breathing 97% He-3% o2, and on two divers using 97% N2-3% O2. The MVV on H2-O2 at 200 fsw was 14% better than on air at the surface and was improved 40% compared with He-O2 and 171% when compared with N2-O2 at 200 fsw. Similar findings were obtained for the following functions: FEV1, FEV2, PEFR, and PIFR. This is the first study in which pulmonary function has been measured during hydrogen-oxygen breathing. The values in this study for the relationship of relative gas density to flow are in good agreement with both the theoretical and experimental values of Wood and Bryan.
Author: William P. Fife
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
Get Book Here
Book Description
Simulated dives were made with dogs to a depth equivalent to 1000 feet of Sea water (305 meters). Sixteen of these animals breathed a non-explosive hydrogen-oxygen mixture (hydrox) containing no more than 3% oxygen, while 12 breathed gas mixtures containing helium in place of hydrogen. In a number of dives, animals were exposed to hydrogen continuously for between 96-100 hours, 48 of which was spent at 1000 FSW. Extensive pre- and post-dive blood enzyme and hematological studies were carried out. In addition lung, brain and liver biopsies were carried out on selected animals. all such studies showed no significant abnormalities. One dive employing helium and one dive employing hydrogen proved fatal. In both instances, these fatalities were due to volatile hydrocarbons present in a cylinder of contaminated oxygen. All other animals survived the exposures. Indeed, some animals made more than one dive. Three of these animals still appear normal after 3 to 5 years post-dive. EEG studies showed no residual post-dive abnormalities and no evidence of High Pressure Nervous Syndrome while at 1000 FSW, although transient EEG abnormalities were noted during hypoxia. Techniques were developed for mixing hydrogen and oxygen in a non-explosive manner. The techniques developed for the use of hydrox appear to be reasonably safe. For the past eleven years, this laboratory has carried out over 645O hours of hydrox exposure on animals including mice, rats, dogs, and man, and has mixed approximately 200 cylinders of hydrox without an accident related to the use of hydrogen.
Author: William P. Fife
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deep diving
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Get Book Here
Book Description
The purpose of this report is to place under one cover a summary of hydrogen-oxygen (hydrox) diving to date, and a detailed description of the techniques which have been developed to conduct such diving in this laboratory
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 892
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Ralph W. Brauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Peter O. Edel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
Get Book Here
Book Description
One important tool in table computation is shifting inert gasses during decompression. Proper application of this technique may result in the saving of large percentages of decompression time. In the case of a dive involving the use of helium-oxygen on the bottom, the standard procedure involves switching the breathing mixture to nitrogen-oxygen during decompression. In this case, added advantages of improved thermal comfort to the diver and generally better communications from the diver to surface are provided by this switching technique. This technique has been extensively used with very good results in foreign naval and domestic, as well as foreign, commercial diving operations over the past decade and proper application of this technique would provide significant reductions in decompression requirements for and future recomputation of the U.S. Navy Surface Supplied Mixed Gas Tables. It is the purpose of this study to make a mathematical evaluation of various possible nitrogen-oxygen mixtures and optimum depth at which they might be applied during the decompression following a helium-oxygen exposure within the anticipated depth-time requirements of the U.S. Navy.
Author: United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military research
Languages : en
Pages : 1120
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: United States. President
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Get Book Here
Book Description
