Evaluation of the Contribution of Recycled Urea to the Synthesis of the Microbial Protein in the Rumen Using −p15−sN-labelled Urea PDF Download
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Author: Adnan M. Al-Dehneh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Author: Adnan M. Al-Dehneh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Author: Erin Beth Recktenwald
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Two experiments were conducted to quantify urea-N kinetics and ruminal microbial populations and their nitrogen (N) transactions in lactating dairy cows under a variety of dietary nitrogen and carbohydrate conditions. In the first experiment, twelve ruminally fistulated Holstein cows were fed one of three diets to provide adequate MP supply and ruminal N balance (Control, 16.3% CP), adequate ruminal N but deficient MP supply (LoMP, 14.1% CP), or adequate MP supply but deficient ruminal N balance (LoRumN, 14.1% CP). A continuous jugular infusion of 15N15N-urea was conducted for a minimum of 72 hours to label the respective pools. Plasma, milk, urine, feces, and ruminal contents, including the liquid associated bacteria, particle associated bacteria, and protozoa, were collected before and after urea infusion for N enrichment analysis. Urea-N synthesis was greatest for cows fed the Control diets and lowest for the LoMP diets, with the LoRumN diets demonstrating intermediate urea-N synthesis regardless of the low N intake of cows on this diet. A greater proportion of urea-N entered the GIT instead being excreted in the urine of cows fed the LoRumN diet (75% vs. 63% for both the Control and LoMP diets). Approximately 8-14% of the microbial N pool was present as protozoal N, and the protozoa predated 4-17% of the total bacterial N yield, with the highest values observed for cows fed the Control diet. A second study was conducted that fed differing amounts of dietary CP (14.3 vs. 15.8%), starch (23 vs. 29%), with or without the ionophore Rumensin. Urea-N kinetics were determined by dietary CP concentration, with little impact of dietary starch or Rumensin. Microbial pool sizes and N transactions were dependent on dietary interactions, suggesting the effect of Rumensin on these populations to be mediated by rumen conditions. Overall, these studies demonstrate control over urea-N kinetics by N intake, and particularly by urea-N synthesis, over a variety of dietary conditions. Low ruminal N balance, in conjunction with starch fermentation and ionophore effects, was able to stimulate urea-N entry to the GIT, improving efficiencies of N use. The amount of recycled N contributing to microbial N supply, in addition to protozoal predation of bacteria, varied by dietary conditions.
Author: Sudershan Kumar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Johnnie Robert Kropp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Author: Herbert Francis Bucholtz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microbiological synthesis
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Author: Herbert Dennis Woolf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rumen
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Author: Michael H. Briggs
Publisher: Pergamon
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Author: Michael H. Briggs
Publisher: Pergamon
ISBN:
Category : Animal feeding
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Author: Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Atomic Energy in Food and Agriculture
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Utilization of urea-nitrogen-15 in ruminants, Protein nutrion of growing cattle, In vitro studies on non-protein nitrogen utilization by rumen microflora, Non-protein nitrogen utilizagem and microbial synthesis in the rumen, Transfer of blood urea indo the goat colon, Entry of blood urea into the rumen of the llama, Diminished renal urea excretion in the llama at reduced food intake, A critical approach to isotope methods for measuring microbial growth in the rumen in vitro, Estimate of microbial protein synthesis in vitro by the simultaneous use of three different isotopic markers, Effect of dietary nitrogen leval on electrolyte water metabolism in sheep: K+ metabolism II, Determination of possible effects of mineral concentration on protein synthesis by rumen microbes in vitros, Utilization of urea/molasses liquid feed as a major source of nitrogen and energy for lactating cows, Estimation of the production rate of bacteria in rumen of buffalo calves, Utilization of low quality roughage by ruminants: a contribution to animal nutrition in the tropics, Relationship between ruminal ammonia and non-protein nitrogen utilization by ruminants.
Author: V. K. Sharma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The present investigations were carried out to develop slow release products by complexing urea with formaldehyde in various molar proportions by refluxing at various temparatures and study their efficiency on the rate of hydrolysis microbial protein synthesis as well as efficiency of feed utilisation and growth in crossbred calves. The increase in the molar proportion of urea:HCHO and temparature of refluxing at the time of preparation of slow release urea formaldehyde comlexes (SRUFC, s) decreased the total introgen solubality. THe percent hydrolysis rates also decreased with the increase in temparatures of refluxing and molar proportions of urea:HCHO used in the preparation of complexes. The 35s in carporation into bacterial cells decreased with the increaseing refluxing temparature of the SRUFC, s. Maximum percentage of 35s in carporation was achieved with the complexes acidified with H2SO4 complexing urea with HCHO resulted in the increased efficiency of microbial protein formation in the rumen complexes contributed significantly to the TVPA poolas well as TVFA production rates possibly through increased microbial activity in rumen. The bacterial production rates were more in slow release urea formaldehyde complexes as compared to those observed in control and urea fed animals the rumen fluid volumes and its flows rates were not influenced by the inclusion of even urea in the diets. Dry matter organisms matter crude fibre and nitrogen free extract digestibilities were not influenced by the inclusion of either urea is SRUFCs. The retention of nitrogen was significantly higher in animals fed on NPN sources as compared to control diet. Increased efficiency of N-utilization from the complexes were observed compared to that when urea was fed as such to the calves. THe SRUFC 11 (acidified complex) was superior to urea as well as SRUFC 1 (non acidified) as for as dry matter consumption and growth rates of animals were concened. Both the dry matter and cp disgestibilities increased significantly on SRUFC 11 feeding as composition values in terms of fat protein ash and energy did not reveal any significant differences in the various groups due to treatment.
