Evaluation of Commercially Available Flame Retardants for Production of Carbon Fabric PDF Download
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Author: Lilly O. Iwuchukwu BS. MSC
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1524578053
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
This book compared the use of flame retardant chemicals known as pyroset TPO and TKC in the production of carbon fabrics from cotton precursors. Information about the chemical was collected from the American Cyanamid company, textile and chemical division. Data was also furnished by the test fabric incorporated for the two fabrics it manufacturedmercerize 100 percent cotton sheeting, style #409 and unmercerized 100 percent cotton sheeting, style #409. The percentage of carbon remaining from each sample in all the categories was obtained through carbon analysis conducted by Galbraith Laboratories Incorporated. Percent char data were calculated from data obtained before and after pyrolysis. The results are presented and discussed with the aid of a 2(5) factorial design pattern used for the overall design of the experiment. Personal reflections on how to save the lives of infants and children, even our geriatric parents that are trapped in a burning home, with much higher statistics for rescuing them to safety. More safety resulting in having flame retardant nightwear, even home furnishings and more as time goes on. Common sense, logic, and sensible ideology in our twenty-first century. Creating safety living all around should be a right and our responsibilitya value that we should be well invested in. Research funding in the textile industry and for educators has been seriously almost nonexistent that humanity is still struggling for a safe technology for utilizing materials for public safety. Public trust must be secured by specifying performance of treated fabrics safe from fire and the extinguishing of flames, less toxic to protect and enhance our democratic ideals of freedom living in the western hemisphere. The world is in need of safe discovery for flame retardants, material to be used in active wears, home furniture, establish standard of assessments and accountability measures to be the research for the future. More and continued research is required for the textile industry. Research and more and ongoing research and funding is desperately needed. This is to empower readers and educators and students to bring great and creative ideas and ideals tog textile research back and be fully funded; to encourage companies to give funding for creating perpetual workforce for the future, economic stability, safety, and security without end.
Author: Lilly O. Iwuchukwu BS. MSC
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1524578053
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 49
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book compared the use of flame retardant chemicals known as pyroset TPO and TKC in the production of carbon fabrics from cotton precursors. Information about the chemical was collected from the American Cyanamid company, textile and chemical division. Data was also furnished by the test fabric incorporated for the two fabrics it manufacturedmercerize 100 percent cotton sheeting, style #409 and unmercerized 100 percent cotton sheeting, style #409. The percentage of carbon remaining from each sample in all the categories was obtained through carbon analysis conducted by Galbraith Laboratories Incorporated. Percent char data were calculated from data obtained before and after pyrolysis. The results are presented and discussed with the aid of a 2(5) factorial design pattern used for the overall design of the experiment. Personal reflections on how to save the lives of infants and children, even our geriatric parents that are trapped in a burning home, with much higher statistics for rescuing them to safety. More safety resulting in having flame retardant nightwear, even home furnishings and more as time goes on. Common sense, logic, and sensible ideology in our twenty-first century. Creating safety living all around should be a right and our responsibilitya value that we should be well invested in. Research funding in the textile industry and for educators has been seriously almost nonexistent that humanity is still struggling for a safe technology for utilizing materials for public safety. Public trust must be secured by specifying performance of treated fabrics safe from fire and the extinguishing of flames, less toxic to protect and enhance our democratic ideals of freedom living in the western hemisphere. The world is in need of safe discovery for flame retardants, material to be used in active wears, home furniture, establish standard of assessments and accountability measures to be the research for the future. More and continued research is required for the textile industry. Research and more and ongoing research and funding is desperately needed. This is to empower readers and educators and students to bring great and creative ideas and ideals tog textile research back and be fully funded; to encourage companies to give funding for creating perpetual workforce for the future, economic stability, safety, and security without end.
Author: Lilly Okonkwo Iwuchukwu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon fibers
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Author: Constantine D. Papaspyrides
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0444538097
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 943
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Book Description
Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. - Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials - Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use - Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials
Author: A. Richard Horrocks
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845695070
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
This important book provides a comprehensive account of the advances that have occurred in fire science in relation to a broad range of materials. The manufacture of fire retardant materials is an active area of research, the understanding of which can improve safety as well as the marketability of a product.The first part of the book reviews the advances that have occurred in improving the fire retardancy of specific materials, ranging from developments in phosphorus and halogen-free flame retardants to the use of nanocomposites as novel flame retardant systems. Key environmental issues are also addressed. The second group of chapters examines fire testing issues and regulations. A final group of chapters addresses the application of fire retardant materials in such areas as composites, automotive materials, military fabrics and aviation materials.With its distinguished editors and array of international contributors, this book is an essential reference for producers, manufacturers, retailers and all those wishing to improve fire retardancy in materials. It is also suitable for researchers in industry or academia. - Reviews advances in improving the retardancy of materials - Addresses key environmental issues - Examines fire testing issues and regulations and the challenges involved
Author: F. Selcen Kilinc
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857098934
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 705
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Book Description
Given its importance to consumer safety, fire resistant textiles are one of the fastest growing sectors in industrial textiles. Handbook of fire resistant textiles provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years. It draws together scientific and technical expertise from around the world to produce an important source of current knowledge on fire resistant textiles and their use for protection in hostile environments.Part one provides an overview of fire resistant textiles. Chapters discuss burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers, chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy, multi-component flame resistant coating techniques for textiles, care and maintenance of fire resistant textiles, along with the safety, health and environmental aspects of flame retardants. Part two covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens. Part three reviews standards, regulations, and characterization of fire resistant textiles. Part four includes case studies of major applications of fire resistant textiles.The Handbook of fire resistant textiles is an invaluable resource for a broad spectrum of professionals in the textiles and apparel industries, including textile and garment manufacturers, engineers, researchers, designers, developers and buyers. - Provides a comprehensive review of the considerable advances that have occurred in the field of fire resistant textiles in recent years - Discusses burning and combustion mechanisms of textile fibers and chemical modification of natural and synthetic fibers to improve flame retardancy - Covers different types of fire resistant fibers and fabrics, including flame retardant cotton, wool, ceramic fibers and blends, composites and nonwovens
Author: A. P. Mouritz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402053568
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 409
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Book Description
This book is the first to deal with the important topic of the fire behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer composite materials. The book covers all of the key issues on the behaviour of composites in a fire. Also covered are fire protection materials for composites, fire properties of nanocomposites, fire safety regulations and standards, fire test methods, and health hazards from burning composites.
Author: Takayuki Nosaka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon composites
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Flame retardants (FRs) are applied to variety of consumer products such as textiles and polymers for fire prevention and fire safety. Substantial research is ongoing to replace traditional FRs with alternative materials that are less toxic, present higher flame retardancy and result in lower overall exposure as there are potential health concerns in case of exposure to popular FRs. Carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) have been studied and applied to polymer composites and electronics extensively due to their remarkable properties. Hence CNMs are considered as potential alternative materials that present high flame retardancy. In this research, different kinds of CNMs coatings on polyester fabric are produced and evaluated for their use as flame retardants. To monitor the mass loading of CNMs coated on the fabric, a two-step analytical method for quantifying CNMs embedded in polymer composites was developed. This method consisted of polymer dissolution process using organic solvents followed by subsequent programmed thermal analysis (PTA). This quantification technique was applicable to CNTs with and without high metal impurities in a broad range of polymers. Various types of CNMs were coated on polyester fabric and the efficacy of coatings as flame retardant was evaluated. The oxygen content of CNMs emerged as a critical parameter impacting flame retardancy with higher oxygen content resulting in less FR efficacy. The most performant nanomaterials, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and amine functionalized multi-walled carbon nantoubes (NH2-MWCNT) showed similar FR properties to current flame retardants with low mass loading (0.18 g/m2) and hence are promising alternatives that warrant further investigation. Chemical/physical modification of MWCNTs was conducted to produce well-dispersed MWCNT solutions without involving oxygen for uniform FR coating. The MWCNTs coating was studied to evaluate the durability of the coating and the impact on the efficacy during use phase by conducting mechanical abrasion and washing test. Approximately 50% and 40% of MWCNTs were released from 1 set of mechanical abrasion and washing test respectively. The losses during simulated usage impacted the flame retardancy negatively.
Author: Yuan Hu
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323907725
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
Bio-Based Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials provides a comprehensive overview of flame retardants derived directly and indirectly from plant sources, drawing on cutting-edge research and covering preparation methods, testing and evaluation techniques, enhanced properties, and end applications. Chapters introduce bio-based materials in the context of additives for flame retardancy, explaining fundamentals and testing methods and analyzing synthetic approaches and the potential advantages of pursuing a bio-based approach. This is followed by detailed coverage of bio-based retardants, with each chapter covering a specific source and guiding the reader systematically through preparation techniques, evaluation methods, properties and applications. Throughout the book, the latest progress in the field is critically reviewed, and there is a continual emphasis on novel approaches to achieve enhanced properties and performant materials. This is an essential guide for all those with an interest in innovative, sustainable flame retardant additives for polymeric materials, including researchers, scientists, advanced students, and more. - Explains innovative techniques for the preparation of bio-based flame retardant mechanisms, analyzing properties, performance and applications - Offers in-depth coverage of a range of sources, including cellulose, lignin, cardanol, chitosan, eugenol, vanillin, furan, alginate and vegetable oils - Presents the latest advances in the field, serving as a novel resource to advanced students, researchers and R&D professionals in academia and industry
Author: Henri Vahabi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128242612
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
Analysis of Flame Retardancy in Polymer Science is a scientific/practical book that is conceptualized, designed, and written for students, early-career researchers, and junior engineers to explain the basic principles of fire analysis/characterization methods/methodologies, from flammability, ignition, and fire spread to forced convection and related analyses and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying flame retardancy in both gas and condensed phases followed by correlation between laboratory- and real-scale fire analyses as well as fire analysis from an industrial standpoint. This book is also an indispensable resource for identifying and mounting the latest achievements in fire analysis/characterization methods to frame the effects of fire evaluation strategies to be utilized for research and development. The book also gives a broad description of fire analysis related to different standards and regulations for different applications in different geographic zones. - Includes the background, fundamental, and modern features of techniques of characterization of fire and flame behavior - Provides an overview of the major techniques used in fire analysis of flame-retardant polymers - Characterizes different types of materials at small, bench, and real-life scale - Offers a comprehensive overview of fire behavior and testing and associated toxicity issues - Integrates the scientific, technical, standard, regulation, and industrial aspects of fire analysis into a book for future developments in the field
Author: P. M. Visakh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319034677
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
This book summarizes comprehensively many recent technical research accomplishments in the area of flame retardant research. It presents mainly flame retardant studies of polymer blends, composites and nano composites such as rubber, thermosets and thermoplastics. This book discusses different types of flame retardant using in polymers especially nano composites, as well as the role and chemistry. Leading researchers from industry, academy, government and private research institutions across the globe contribute to this book. Academics, researchers, scientists, engineers and students in research and development will benefit from an application-oriented book that helps them to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems.
