Evaluating the Effects of Pre- and Post-AI Nutrition on Embryo Quality and Reproductive Efficiency of Beef Cattle PDF Download
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Author: Ricardo P. Arias
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355855951
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
The effects of nutrition during late gestation and after insemination, as well as the effects of energy reserves on reproductive function of the beef female and subsequent growth and reproductive function of their offspring were investigated. The aims of this research were: 1) to evaluate how a change in nutritional intake immediately after insemination would affect pregnancy success and concentrations of hormonal mediators, IGF-I and progesterone, 2) to determine the influence that postpartum energy reserves have on embryo viability, early embryonic development, and embryo quality, and 3) to evaluate the impact that maternal protein supplementation of irrigated meadow grass hay during the last trimester of gestation has on cow BW and BCS, calf birth and weaning BW, conception rates of heifer offspring, and feedlot performance of steer offspring. Findings from Chapter III show that suppression in nutritional plane of heifers during the 21-d following AI has a negative impact on heifer performance, circulating concentrations of IGF-I, and AI pregnancy rates. Thus, it is biologically beneficial to ensure that heifers maintain their pre-breeding plane of nutrition during the 21-d following AI. Chapter IV presents evidence that cows with BCS 5.4 tend to produce more total embryos after a superovulation program compared to cows BCS 4.3. Additionally, peripheral concentrations of IGF-I were greatest in cows with a BCS 5.4, which may be an indicator of a more suitable environment in the uterus for further development of an embryo. In Chapter V, cows supplemented with protein during the last trimester of gestation had a greater BW gain and BCS change by calving time. Weaning BW of calves born to protein supplemented dams was greater when compared to calves from non-supplemented cows. There was a trend for pregnancy rates of heifers born supplemented dams to be 16 percentage points greater (95% vs. 79%). And although dam supplementation did not seem to affect intakes, gains, feed efficiency or carcass characteristics on the male progeny in this study, advantages have been observed other peer-reviewed research studies that support the concept that late gestation supplementation can have an impact subsequent progeny.
Author: Ricardo P. Arias
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355855951
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
The effects of nutrition during late gestation and after insemination, as well as the effects of energy reserves on reproductive function of the beef female and subsequent growth and reproductive function of their offspring were investigated. The aims of this research were: 1) to evaluate how a change in nutritional intake immediately after insemination would affect pregnancy success and concentrations of hormonal mediators, IGF-I and progesterone, 2) to determine the influence that postpartum energy reserves have on embryo viability, early embryonic development, and embryo quality, and 3) to evaluate the impact that maternal protein supplementation of irrigated meadow grass hay during the last trimester of gestation has on cow BW and BCS, calf birth and weaning BW, conception rates of heifer offspring, and feedlot performance of steer offspring. Findings from Chapter III show that suppression in nutritional plane of heifers during the 21-d following AI has a negative impact on heifer performance, circulating concentrations of IGF-I, and AI pregnancy rates. Thus, it is biologically beneficial to ensure that heifers maintain their pre-breeding plane of nutrition during the 21-d following AI. Chapter IV presents evidence that cows with BCS 5.4 tend to produce more total embryos after a superovulation program compared to cows BCS 4.3. Additionally, peripheral concentrations of IGF-I were greatest in cows with a BCS 5.4, which may be an indicator of a more suitable environment in the uterus for further development of an embryo. In Chapter V, cows supplemented with protein during the last trimester of gestation had a greater BW gain and BCS change by calving time. Weaning BW of calves born to protein supplemented dams was greater when compared to calves from non-supplemented cows. There was a trend for pregnancy rates of heifers born supplemented dams to be 16 percentage points greater (95% vs. 79%). And although dam supplementation did not seem to affect intakes, gains, feed efficiency or carcass characteristics on the male progeny in this study, advantages have been observed other peer-reviewed research studies that support the concept that late gestation supplementation can have an impact subsequent progeny.
Author: Felipe Guirado Dantas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
Reproductive efficiency is the major component for an economically efficient cow/calf operation and can be influenced by a number of factors such as breed, age, health and nutrition. Among the components of the diet, trace minerals are hypothesized to have a major impact reproductive efficiency in beef cattle. In order to test this specific hypothesis, a study directly evaluating the success of reproductive performance in cows fed complexed trace minerals versus inorganic trace mineral was designed. In this study, 68 cows where equally divided into treatment (cows fed with complexed trace minerals) and control (cows fed with inorganic trace minerals) groups. The cows started being fed 30 days prior to AI (d -30). Twenty-eight days after AI (d 28), all cows where diagnosed for pregnancy and non-pregnant cows where removed from the experiment. Twenty-four days after pregnancy diagnosis (d 52), pregnant cows where submitted to ovum pick-up (OPU) and a second OPU was performed on d 67. Although pregnancy rates did not differ (P = 0.33) between treatment and control, cows fed with complexed trace minerals had increased oocyte recovery (P = 0.03), in vitro embryo production (P = 0.06) and more efficient in vitro embryo production (P = 0.06). In summary, the results from this experiment demonstrated that supplementation of beef cows with a complexed source of trace minerals improves reproductive efficiency when compared to cows fed inorganic source of trace minerals.
Author: Katylyn Jo Richardson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
A series of studies were completed to determine if reproductive efficiency and offspring performance could be improved through the implementation of a novel method of embryonic selection and the proliferation of a desirable genotype in cattle. The first study evaluated the effectiveness of an Embryo Chamber to distinguish between viable and nonviable bovine embryos based on specific gravity of the embryo. In this study, 19 in vitro produced (IVP) and 15 in vivo derived (IVD) Grade 1 embryos were individually placed into a 0.5 mL semen straw of media and allowed to descend through the Embryo Chamber. Descent time through a vertical, one-centimeter timing region was recorded, and embryos were removed from the chamber and either transferred into recipient females or cryopreserved and transferred at a later date. In order to determine if Embryo Chamber evaluation had an effect on pregnancy status, 27 IVP and 12 IVD, Grade 1 embryos that were not evaluated with the Embryo Chamber were also transferred into recipient females at the time of project embryo transfer. Pregnancy was later determined via rectal ultrasound and recorded. There was no significant difference in conception rates between embryos evaluated with the Embryo Chamber and those not evaluated with the Embryo Chamber, indicating that chamber analysis had no negative impact on viability of both IVP (P = 0.54) and IVD (P = 0.93) embryos. Of the 34 total embryos evaluated with the Embryo Chamber, 22 resulted in successful implantation and pregnancy, with 13 pregnancies (68.4%) by IVP embryos and 9 (60%) by IVD. There was no difference in average descent time of pregnant and non-pregnant embryos for IVP (P = 0.54) or IVD embryos (P = 0.24). When divided into groups according to descent time, 32% of all observations for IVP embryos occurred between 30 to 50 s with a 66.7% conception rate, and 42% occurred between 70 to 90 s with a 75% conception rate (P = 0.85). For IVD, 60% of all observations occurred between 90 to 110 s, with a conception rate of 66.7% (P = 0.35). Analysis of the correlation between descent group and pregnancy outcome or descent time and pregnancy outcome showed no strong correlation for either production method. Though not significant, the trends highlighted in this data lend support to previous research with variations of the Specific Gravity Device. Further research is needed to thoroughly evaluate the potential of this technology as a method of noninvasive assessment of embryo quality. The second study evaluated the merit of an F1 USDA Prime, Yield Grade 1 carcass clone sire as a terminal sire in the beef x dairy production system. In this study, the clone sire, AxG1, and a purebred Angus reference sire, Foundation, were bred to dairy cows (n = 1,430) at a commercial Jersey dairy in the Texas Panhandle. Performance data from resulting offspring of these matings was collected and analyzed to assess differences in performance between the two sires. Post-partum dam data was also collected to determine if there were any negative impacts of sire on the subsequent reproductive performance of the dams. Conception rates were 39% for AxG1 and 30% for Foundation (P
Author: Christopher J. Roeder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Author: B. G. Lowman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780902164239
Category : Cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 31
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Book Description
Author: Jonathan F. Bader
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Previous work from our laboratory suggests that prepartum supplementation with whole soybeans (WSB) improves first service conception rate without affecting body condition score or estrous cyclicity status prior to initiation of estrus synchronization protocols in postpartum beef cows. The objective of the first experiment was to examine the effects of prepartum lipid supplementation to superstimulated multiparous suckled beef cows and subsequent results on embryo quantity and quality. There was no difference between treatments in quantity or quality of embryos recovered. These findings suggest that prepartum supplementation of WSB to superstimulated multiparous suckled beef cows does not affect the quantity and quality of embryos recovered. Our research has also focused on estrus synchronization and facilitating the use of fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) in beef cows. The second experiment was designed to compare pregnancy rates of postpartum beef cows resulting from fixed-time AI and after synchronization of estrus with either the 7-11 Synch or MGA ® Select protocols. The results from this experiment indicate that estrus synchronization with 7-11 Synch or MGA ® followed by fixed-timed AI (GnRH at AI) result in comparable pregnancy rates in postpartum beef cows. Both protocols may be effectively utilized by producers for fixed-time AI.
Author: Jere R. Mitchell
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
Material is organized into 5 parts for easy and ready use, broadening the usefulness of the book, making it the most comprehensive, hands-on AI manual available. This manual prepares users for the "real world" by exposing them to the latest technology and techniques used in the reproduction and the practice of artificial insemination (AI) in livestock. Part One provides information on the advantages and considerations of artificial insemination, basic livestock genetics, the anatomy and reproductive processes of the cow and bull, and semen collection methods. It relates statistics on AI usage and general information about NAAB and CSS. Part Two deals with semen characteristics, including evaluation, processing, and extension; freezing and cryogenic storage; and care of the refrigerator unit. The various tests for semen quality are discussed in detail as is custom selection of semen. Part Three explains insemination techniques for dairy and beef cattle, inseminator training, pregnancy determination in cattle, conception rates, and breeding problems. The exercise on "Embryo Transfer and Related Practices" explains the advances and techniques involved in the field. Part Four includes an overview of sire selection, sire health, sire management, AI organization, and career opportunities. Part Five explains the use and techniques for artificial insemination in dairy goats and other farm animals. For herd operators and persons involved in genetic development—of particular use to people interested in livestock improvement. For those who are anticipating careers in some phase of the AI industry.
Author: Clifford Glenn Dorn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Author: Scientific Committee
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9086869378
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 760
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Book Description
This Book of Abstracts is the main publication of the 73rd Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). It contains abstracts of the invited papers and contributed presentations of the sessions of EAAP's eleven Commissions: Animal Genetics, Animal Nutrition, Animal Management and Health, Animal Physiology, Cattle Production, Sheep and Goat Production, Pig Production, Horse Production and Livestock Farming Systems, Insects and Precision Livestock Farming.
Author: Peter J. H. Ball
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405148012
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Cattle play a fundamental role in animal agriculture throughout the world. They not only provide us with a vital food source, but they also provide us with fertilizer and fuel. Keeping reproduction levels at an optimum level is therefore essential, but this is often a complicated process, especially with modern, high yielding cows. Written in a practical and user-friendly style, this book aims to help the reader understand cattle reproduction by explaining the underlying physiology of the reproductive process and the role and importance of pharmacology and technology, and showing how management techniques can improve reproductive efficiency. This edition includes: Recent research findings on the physiology of the oestrous cycle and its control; New techniques for monitoring and manipulating reproduction, including pregnancy diagnosis and embryo transfer; Advice on identifying common infertility problems and how to prevent and treat them. Reproduction Cattle 3e is essential reading for veterinary and agricultural students, as well as veterinarians and farmers involved in cattle reproduction.
