Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789294984500
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In response to the emerging problems with Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infections (CDIs), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), published background information about the changing epidemiology of CDIs, agreed on CDI case-definitions and issued recommendations for the surveillance of CDIs. An ECDC-funded survey performed in 2008 revealed a mean incidence of 4.1 per 10 000 patient-days per hospital (range: 0.0-36.3), almost 70% higher than that reported in a previous European surveillance study performed in 2005 (2.45 per 10 000 patient-days per hospital, range: 0.13-7.1), although each survey had a different design. Standardised periodic or continuous surveillance of the incidence of CDI is more likely to facilitate the identification of epidemiological changes and is an essential tool for CDI prevention and control. Microbiological data supplements surveillance data, allowing further insights into epidemiological changes. Facing the lack of standardised surveillance of CDI in EU/EEA countries, ECDC launched a call for tender to support capacity building for surveillance of CDIs at the European level in 2010. The contract was awarded to a consortium that carried out the European Clostridium difficile Surveillance Network (ECDIS-Net) project from 20 December 2010 to 30 November 2014. The ECDIS-Net project developed a protocol for the surveillance of CDI, which was pilot tested in 37 hospitals in 14 countries in 2013. This protocol (version 2.4) incorporates feedback from countries and hospitals that participated in the pilot survey, feedback from the final meeting of the ECDIS-Net project, as well as discussion with the ESCMID Study Group for C. difficile (ESCGD) to obtain information about its draft and final versions of the ESCMID guidelines 'Update of the diagnostic guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection' and 'Guidance document for prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in acute healthcare settings'. On 1 January 2016, ECDC started the coordination of surveillance of CDI in acute care hospitals in EU/EEA countries, with data reported to ECDC annually. During a 'start-up wave', EU/EEA countries were encouraged to recruit at least one hospital to participate for at least one month between January and March 2016. At least 20 countries participated in this first phase, with the majority continuing data collection throughout 2016. The CDI surveillance data for 2016 are reported in the ECDC Annual Epidemiological Report, available on the ECDC website, including its webpage dedicated to ECDC CDI activities. ECDC will coordinate another wave of participation in October-December 2020. In this second phase, countries that do not participate in European CDI surveillance are encouraged to recruit at least one hospital for at least one month; and countries that do participate are encouraged to recruit additional hospitals for at least one month (recommended three months). ECDC is also working with countries with national CDI surveillance that are compatible with this protocol to convert their national dataset into a compatible format for joint analyses. Those seeking further information about options to participate should contact their National Focal Point for Healthcare- Associated Infections in their country.
Author: Paola Mastrantonio
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031421086
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
This fully updated second edition outlines the currently available clinical, epidemiological and experimental data on Clostridioides difficile infections(CDI) with special emphasis on studies and results achieved in Europe. The incidence and severity of CDI has increased significantly over the last decade, and the book explains why C. difficile, recently reclassified as Clostridioides difficile, remains a significant challenge, also from economic perspective, to health care systems all over the world. The different reservoirs of this ubiquitous microorganism are reviewed as well as the different factors contributing to its virulence, such as toxins and biofilm formation. The rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance is clearly a concern and in a specific way can influence the CDI epidemiology. Additionally, new emerging strains and comparative genomics studies are taken into consideration for their relevance from epidemiological and evolutionary point of view. The book also gives an overview on diagnostics, therapy and surveillance, all of which are still challenging. Therefore, a closer look is taken on the effect of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics, for prevention and treatment of CDI. Fecal transplantation from healthy donors, passive immunotherapies and vaccines for patients with recurrences are also discussed in dedicated chapters. New topics included sporulation and membrane vesicles in C. difficile. The book closes with a summary of the history and the achievements of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Clostridium difficile (ESGCD) written by the current and past presidents of the Society. It is the aim of this book to raise awareness on CDI and to disseminate updated information on its prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Author: Paola Mastrantonio
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319727990
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
This book outlines the currently available clinical, epidemiological and experimental data on Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with special emphasis on studies and results achieved in Europe. The incidence and severity of CDI has increased significantly over the last decade, and the book explains why C. difficile, recently reclassified as Clostridioides difficile, remains a significant challenge, also from economic perspective, to health care systems all over the world. The different reservoirs of this ubiquitous microorganism are reviewed as well as the different factors contributing to its virulence, such as toxins and biofilm formation. The rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance is clearly a concern and in a specific way can influence the CDI epidemiology. Additionally, new emerging strains and comparative genomics studies are discussed for their relevance from epidemiological and evolutionary point of view. The book also gives an overview on diagnostics, therapy and surveillance, all of which are still challenging. Therefore, a closer look is taken on the effect of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics, for prevention and treatment of CDI. Fecal transplantation from healthy donors, passive immunotherapies and vaccines for patients with recurrences are also discussed in dedicated chapters. The book closes with a summary of the history and the achievements of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Study Group for Clostridium difficile (ESGCD) written by the current and past presidents of the Society. It is the aim of this book to raise awareness on CDI and to disseminate updated information on its prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789291936359
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
The objectives for the surveillance of CDIs are: - to estimate the incidence of CDIs in European acute care hospitals - to assess the burden of CDIs (including recurrent CDI cases) in European acute care hospitals - to provide participating hospitals with a standardised tool to measure and compare their own incidence rates with those observed in other participating hospitals - to assess adverse outcomes of CDIs including death - to describe the epidemiology of C. difficile at the local, national and European level, in terms of factors such as antibiotic susceptibility, PCR ribotype, presence of Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA), Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) and binary toxin, morbidity and mortality of infection, and the detection of new/emerging types.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789291937301
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
The objectives for the surveillance of CDIs are: - to estimate the incidence of CDIs in European acute care hospitals - to assess the burden of CDIs (including recurrent CDI cases) in European acute care hospitals - to provide participating hospitals with a standardised tool to measure and compare their own incidence rates with those observed in other participating hospitals - to assess adverse outcomes of CDIs including death- to describe the epidemiology of C. difficile at the local, national and European level, in terms of factors such as antibiotic susceptibility, PCR ribotype, presence of Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA), Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) and binary toxin, morbidity and mortality of infection, and the detection of new/emerging types.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789493014565
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Author: Julia S. Garner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cross infection
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Author: Teena Chopra
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030297721
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
This book aims to fill knowledge gap among healthcare workers about Clostridium difficile (also known as C.difficile and CDI) among aging patients, especially those in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Written by experts in infectious diseases and geriatric medicine, this book provides comprehensive information on all aspects of CDI pertaining to LTCF settings, including epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, management and the unique challenges faced by LTCFs with regards to the CDI problem. The book begins by introducing the topic as it relates to aging patients before delving into the various aspects of CDI management. Topics include infection control and prevention, treatment of CDI, and the establishment of antibiotic stewardship programs to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use and reduce CDI rates. The book also features a chapter on probiotics for the prevention of CDI and new strategies to monitor environmental cleaning practices of CDI patient rooms that do not appear in any other resource. Clostridium Difficile Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities is an excellent resource for geriatricians, infectious diseases specialists, long-term care administrators, nurses, pharmacists, researchers, and all clinicians working with infections in long-term care settings.
Author: Henning Sommermeyer
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303081100X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
The book provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about Clostridioides (C.) difficile (formerly known as Clostridium difficile) and Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI). The diseases caused by C. difficile range from mild diarrhea to fulminant and in some cases fatal colitis. Historically, CDI was considered mainly as a hospital-acquired problem. Today, a significant portion of CDI is community acquired. Triggered by the introduction of new antibiotics, hypervirulent and multi-drug resistant strains of C. difficile (e.g., C. difficile ribotype R027) have emerged and spread across the globe. The volume covers the microbiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors for CDI, diagnosis, clinical pictures, treatment and prophylaxis. It includes an extensive reference list that allows an easy navigation through the original research publications. Clostridioides difficile helps the reader gain a better understanding of C. difficile, the challenges that may arise and the available treatment options. Given its broad coverage and features, it will appeal to a wide readership, from gastroenterologists through general physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers, to students.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Featuring survey of diagnostic and typing capacity for Clostridium difficile infection in Europe, 2011 and 2014; standardised surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection in European acute care hospitals: a pilot study, 2013; enhanced surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection occuring outside hospital, England, 2011 to 2013.
