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Author: David Page
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267711571
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Flashback and lean blowout are operability issues that must be addressed for successful operation of stationary gas turbines. The present work focuses on flashback and lean blowout of premixed jet flames in a combustor from a commercially available gas turbine operating on synthesis gas of various compositions. The issues of flashback and lean blowout are exacerbated when operating on fuels with high hydrogen content due to the increased reactivity of hydrogen, thus increasing the propensity for flashback. Operating margins for mixtures of natural gas (NG) and carbon monoxide (CO) in hydrogen (H2) are reported. The results demonstrate less stability near lean blowout for mixtures of H2/NG than for H2/CO. Increasing H2 concentration extends the lean operating limit from [phi] = 0.63 to [phi] = 0.29 for H2/NG and [phi] = 0.42 to [phi] = 0.29 for H2/CO. Modeling of the experimental data using a perfectly stirred reactor indicates that the Damköhler number well characterizes the effects of the addition of H2 to NG on the lean blowout limits. In addition, key factors dominating flashback behavior are identified and included in a predictive methodology. A response surface, developed from a turbulent flame speed database, is used to create a flashback propensity index as a design tool for quantifying flashback based upon experimental data from the combustor. Furthermore, the Damköhler number is explored as an index for predicting flashback and was determined to be effective at capturing the effect of pressure, making it able to link data taken at atmospheric conditions to expected engine results.
Author: David Page
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267711571
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Flashback and lean blowout are operability issues that must be addressed for successful operation of stationary gas turbines. The present work focuses on flashback and lean blowout of premixed jet flames in a combustor from a commercially available gas turbine operating on synthesis gas of various compositions. The issues of flashback and lean blowout are exacerbated when operating on fuels with high hydrogen content due to the increased reactivity of hydrogen, thus increasing the propensity for flashback. Operating margins for mixtures of natural gas (NG) and carbon monoxide (CO) in hydrogen (H2) are reported. The results demonstrate less stability near lean blowout for mixtures of H2/NG than for H2/CO. Increasing H2 concentration extends the lean operating limit from [phi] = 0.63 to [phi] = 0.29 for H2/NG and [phi] = 0.42 to [phi] = 0.29 for H2/CO. Modeling of the experimental data using a perfectly stirred reactor indicates that the Damköhler number well characterizes the effects of the addition of H2 to NG on the lean blowout limits. In addition, key factors dominating flashback behavior are identified and included in a predictive methodology. A response surface, developed from a turbulent flame speed database, is used to create a flashback propensity index as a design tool for quantifying flashback based upon experimental data from the combustor. Furthermore, the Damköhler number is explored as an index for predicting flashback and was determined to be effective at capturing the effect of pressure, making it able to link data taken at atmospheric conditions to expected engine results.
Author: Andrés Colorado
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fuel switching
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Author: Zhixuan Duan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303612572
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
Hydrogen enriched fuel generated from a variety of resources such as coal and biomass gasification provides an extra option for lean premixed combustion systems. Flashback is the main operability issue associated with this application. In the present work, boundary layer flashback in a jet flame configuration is investigated. Previous research is extended to more practical conditions where turbulent flows with alternative fuels are prevalent. The importance of burner rim conditions, recently revealed, is investigated systematically in the current work. To fulfill the research goals, a jet burner with interchangeable configuration and materials was built. An inline heater provided preheated air up to 810 K. Systematic studies addressing the quantitative influence of various parameters such as fuel compositions, inlet temperature, burner tip temperature, burner material, enclosure size, and burner diameter on flashback propensity were conducted. A comprehensive overview of the flashback limits for all conditions tested in the current study as well as those published previously is presented. The collective results indicate that the burner materials, tip temperature and flame confinement play significant roles for flashback propensity. A statistics based model demonstrated that better correlations arise when the tip temperature is introduced as an input, whereas a physical model revealed that the critical velocity gradient when flashback occurs is proportional to the laminar flame speed computed based on the tip temperature. The addition of multiple parameters further refined the prediction of the flashback propensity. The present work used a heat transfer analysis to show that the upstream flame propagation during flashback is affected by the burner material. The material with lower thermal conductivity yields larger flashback propensity but slower flame regression inside the tube. These observations can be potentially exploited to minimize the negative impacts of flashback in practical applications. A heat transfer model, developed to estimate burner tip temperature, was successful in demonstrating the potential of advanced heat transfer modeling in predicting flashback propensity of alternative fuels with a given burner configuration.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781721607686
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
This report describes research on the development and demonstration of a controlled combustor operates with minimal NO, emissions, thus meeting one of NASA s UEET program goals. NO(x) emissions have been successfully minimized by operating a premixed, lean burning combustor (modeling a lean prevaporized, premixed LPP combustor) safely near its lean blowout (LBO) limit over a range of operating conditions. This was accomplished by integrating the combustor with an LBO precursor sensor and closed-loop, rule-based control system that allowed the combustor to operate far closer to the point of LBO than an uncontrolled combustor would be allowed to in a current engine. Since leaner operation generally leads to lower NO, emissions, engine NO, was reduced without loss of safety. Zinn, Ben Ames Research Center
Author: S. Can Gülen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108416659
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 735
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Book Description
Everything you wanted to know about industrial gas turbines for electric power generation in one source with hard-to-find, hands-on technical information.
Author: Ali Cemal Benim
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128008261
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
Blending fuels with hydrogen offers the potential to reduce NOx and CO2 emissions in gas turbines, but doing so introduces potential new problems such as flashback. Flashback can lead to thermal overload and destruction of hardware in the turbine engine, with potentially expensive consequences. The little research on flashback that is available is fragmented. Flashback Mechanisms in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustion by Ali Cemal Benim will address not only the overall issue of the flashback phenomenon, but also the issue of fragmented and incomplete research. Presents a coherent review of flame flashback (a classic problem in premixed combustion) and its connection with the growing trend of popularity of more-efficient hydrogen-blend fuels Begins with a brief review of industrial gas turbine combustion technology Covers current environmental and economic motivations for replacing natural gas with hydrogen-blend fuels
Author: Sara McAllister
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441979433
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Fundamentals of Combustion Processes is designed as a textbook for an upper-division undergraduate and graduate level combustion course in mechanical engineering. The authors focus on the fundamental theory of combustion and provide a simplified discussion of basic combustion parameters and processes such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, ignition, diffusion and pre-mixed flames. The text includes exploration of applications, example exercises, suggested homework problems and videos of laboratory demonstrations
Author: Arthur H. Lefebvre
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420086057
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
Reflecting the developments in gas turbine combustion technology that have occurred in the last decade, Gas Turbine Combustion: Alternative Fuels and Emissions, Third Edition provides an up-to-date design manual and research reference on the design, manufacture, and operation of gas turbine combustors in applications ranging from aeronautical to po
Author: Bernard Lewis
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483258394
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 754
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Book Description
Combustion, Flames, and Explosions of Gases, Second Edition focuses on the processes, methodologies, and reactions involved in combustion phenomena. The publication first offers information on theoretical foundations, reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen. Discussions focus on the fundamentals of reaction kinetics, elementary and complex reactions in gases, thermal reaction, and combined hydrogen-carbon monoxide-oxygen reaction. The text then elaborates on the reaction between hydrocarbons and oxygen and combustion waves in laminar flow. The manuscript tackles combustion waves in turbulent flow and air entrainment and burning of jets of fuel gases. Topics include effect of turbulence spectrum and turbulent wrinkling on combustion wave propagation; ignition of high-velocity streams by hot solid bodies; burners with primary air entrainment; and description of jet flames. The book then takes a look at detonation waves in gases; emission spectra, ionization, and electric-field effects in flames; and methods of flame photography and pressure recording. The publication is a valuable reference for readers interested in combustion phenomena.
Author: Timothy C. Lieuwen
Publisher: AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics)
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
This book offers gas turbine users and manufacturers a valuable resource to help them sort through issues associated with combustion instabilities. In the last ten years, substantial efforts have been made in the industrial, governmental, and academic communities to understand the unique issues associated with combustion instabilities in low-emission gas turbines. The objective of this book is to compile these results into a series of chapters that address the various facets of the problem. The Case Studies section speaks to specific manufacturer and user experiences with combustion instabilities in the development stage and in fielded turbine engines. The book then goes on to examine The Fundamental Mechanisms, The Combustor Modeling, and Control Approaches.
