Essays on the Competitive Dynamics of Innovation and Product Quality PDF Download
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Author: Michael Stefan Mills
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321021530
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Firms compete through means other than pricing and advertising. In particular, firms compete through manipulating the quality of their products. In the pharmaceutical industry, firms compete by innovating to create a better quality medicine. The first chapter examines pharmaceutical firms' strategic response to innovate. The comparison of words used in job advertisements to words used in the International Classification of Diseases are analyzed to measure the amount of innovative activity a firm conducts in a given disease category. From this novel dataset, the results indicate that a firm increases its innovative activity due to its competitors' increase in innovative action. The second chapter extends a model with vertically differentiated products to include a "brand" firm's incentive to market a medium quality product (pseudo-generic) to compete with their original high quality product and a competitor's low quality product. Under certain assumptions of consumer heterogeneity, an incumbent firm will market a pseudo-generic only when it can deter the entry of multiple competitors. The third chapter looks at quality competition in the airline industry by analyzing the changes in the total flight frequency for a city-pair due to the merger of two airlines. The results suggest that a merger can decrease flight frequency by as much as 97 flights per month on some routes. The decreases in flight frequency are almost entirely due to the merger removing a competitor (one of the merging partners) from the route. Consequently, the total change in frequency on most routes is less severe or insignificant all together.
Author: Michael Stefan Mills
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321021530
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Firms compete through means other than pricing and advertising. In particular, firms compete through manipulating the quality of their products. In the pharmaceutical industry, firms compete by innovating to create a better quality medicine. The first chapter examines pharmaceutical firms' strategic response to innovate. The comparison of words used in job advertisements to words used in the International Classification of Diseases are analyzed to measure the amount of innovative activity a firm conducts in a given disease category. From this novel dataset, the results indicate that a firm increases its innovative activity due to its competitors' increase in innovative action. The second chapter extends a model with vertically differentiated products to include a "brand" firm's incentive to market a medium quality product (pseudo-generic) to compete with their original high quality product and a competitor's low quality product. Under certain assumptions of consumer heterogeneity, an incumbent firm will market a pseudo-generic only when it can deter the entry of multiple competitors. The third chapter looks at quality competition in the airline industry by analyzing the changes in the total flight frequency for a city-pair due to the merger of two airlines. The results suggest that a merger can decrease flight frequency by as much as 97 flights per month on some routes. The decreases in flight frequency are almost entirely due to the merger removing a competitor (one of the merging partners) from the route. Consequently, the total change in frequency on most routes is less severe or insignificant all together.
Author: Minji Kang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
This collection of essays considers three cases where two firms innovate in an imperfectly competitive market. In the first chapter, I introduce a novel model that represents the vertically differentiated industry, wherein the leader and the follower innovate continuously. I uncover the determinants of the innovation of firms, focusing on the ratio between the quality levels of their products, a key factor in deciding to innovate. Firms innovate to receive more profits from higher quality. Moreover, they choose the effort of innovation to widen the distance between the quality of two products. Consequently, firms tend to keep the distance of the quality constant. The second chapter extends the model in the first chapter, adding radical improvement to the quality by innovation, leapfrogging. I show that two firms are likely to innovate actively with the possibility of leapfrogging. The momentum of leapfrogging is powerful when the quality of two firms is similar to each other and when the possible size of the jump from the innovation is larger. Finally, in the last chapter, I introduce the model with the dynamic innovation of firms, which produces complementary goods: the platform and the software. This model focuses on the software innovation induced by the innovation of the platform. I uncover the determinants of innovation for the platform firm and the software firm as well as the interdependence of the two firms' innovation choices.
Author: Albert N. Link
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387250220
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Edwin Mansfield was a research pioneer into the economics of R and D and technological change. As appreciation and remembrance for his scholarly contributions, eminent scholars have contributed original papers for this edited volume. The authors have followed the "Mansfieldian” approach of emphasizing economic insight and intuition over mathematical rigor and as a result are very accessable. Essays in Honor of Edwin Mansfield has the potential to serve as a reader in all advanced undergraduate and graduate classes/seminars in the economics of R and D and technological change. This edited volume will be the definitive work in the field.
Author: Wai-Nang Po
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competition
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Author: David J Teece
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814492213
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
This book examines the manner in which successful firms develop, transfer, protect, and capture value from technological innovation. In essence, it is about “knowledge management”, which lies at the foundation of firm level competitive advantage in today's global economy. The essays contain some of the fundamental contributions to the field of knowledge management by one of its best-known thinkers; they also constitute an immensely practical guide for those managers who wish to look below the surface of what is going on in Silicon Valley and elsewhere.
Author: Sameer Kumar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387232737
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
The challenge of managing a business enterprise today is to ensure that it can remain efficient and competitive in a dynamic marketplace characterized by high competition, unstable demands, heterogeneous market segments, and short product life cycles. Increasing the pace of new product introduction enables dealing with shorter product lives. To sustain competitiveness, a firm has to be innovative as well as quick to respond to the changing customer needs in order to provide better and faster products to market than competitors. New product development (NPD) is considered as a process of learning. Successful NPD projects typically rely on knowledge and experience of multi-function teams. In addition to corporate strategy and organization learning, the external factors such as, market and competitive conditions also play a big role in driving business strategies. The results from the empirical research study reported shows that companies implementing innovation strategy are more competitive in the long run while those that follow customer-responsive strategy are more likely to have higher return on investment within a shorter time. In order to achieve both sustainable competencies and also meet customer needs in the changing market environment today, a company should adapt to the benefits of both strategies.
Author: Bahrum Lamehdasht
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1291879471
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
This book contains essays and revision notes for Microeconomics at the undergraduate level. This book includes the following topics: - Utility Curves; - Perfect Competition vs. Monopoly; - Oligopoly; - Collusion; - Monopolistic Competition; - Price Discrimination; - X-Efficiency; - Why do Firms Exist?; - Negative Externalities; - Positive Externalities; - Public Goods; - Adverse Selection; - General Equilibrium; - Efficiency Wages; - Minimum Wages and Unemployment; - Arrow-Pratt Risk-Aversion
Author: A. Coskun Samli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461408547
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
It is impossible to measure the full economic and psychological benefits of the sewing machine, the polio vaccine, or the Internet. What we know is that these products have changed our lives for the better, generating net benefits well beyond the metric of corporate profits. As forces such as financial market volatility and fragmented markets demonstrate the fragility of the global economy, the imperative to develop products and services that contribute to the well-being of the many—rather than the few—is more pronounced than ever. In this book, A. Coskun Samli explores this imperative of an “innovation culture” and how it can be encouraged at all levels, from the individual to the nation or region. He argues that without a global innovation culture, committed to generating socially valuable products, we are likely to face a deteriorating quality of life, as wealth is concentrated at the top. Integrating insights from management, economics, policy, and psychology, Samli demonstrates how creativity can be channeled into innovation and innovation can be channeled, in turn, toward economic development. He discusses how national policies can be oriented toward encouraging such socially beneficial innovations as sustainable energy, communication technology, and medical discoveries. The aim is to promote the development of products and services that improve quality of life and generate profits for those who invest in them. He argues that all innovations, whether radical or incremental, must demonstrate social value in order to be truly profitable.
Author: Giovanni Dosi
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781782541851
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 728
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Book Description
Conventional economic analysis of property rights in natural resources is too narrow and restrictive to allow for effective comparisons between alternative institutional structures. In this book, a conceptual framework is developed for the analysis of the
Author: Aamir Rafique Hashmi
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494394694
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
This dissertations consists of three chapters. In the first chapter I study the relationship between product market competition and innovation in the US manufacturing industries. The main finding is that there is a weak inverted-U relationship between competition and innovation. Another finding is that the innovative activity in neck-and-neck industries (industries in which the total factor productivity of an average firm is close to that of a leader) is no higher than the innovative activity in the industries in which the technology gap is higher. In the second chapter, I construct and estimate a dynamic model of the global automobile industry. I use the model to study the interaction between market structure and innovation in the industry. My findings are the following: (1) The effect of market structure on innovation in the global auto industry depends on the initial state of the industry. If the industry is not very concentrated, as it was in 1980, some consolidation may increase the innovative activity. However, if the industry is already concentrated, as in 2005, further consolidation may reduce the innovation incentives. (2) Mergers reduce the value of merging firms though they may increase the aggregate value of the industry. (3) Mergers between big firms eventually reduce consumers' utility. In the third chapter I ask how important the lack of human capital and the poor quality of institutions are as barriers to technology adoption. To answer this question I construct a variant of the neoclassical model. In the model the efficiency of investment in technology capital (which is the sum of intangible capital and a fraction of physical capital that embodies technology) varies directly with the level of human capital and the quality of institutions in the country. I study the implications of a calibrated version of the model for cross-country income differences. For reasonable parameter values, the model can explain a large proportion of the cross-country variation in income. The required TFP ratio between the rich and the poor countries to explain the observed income differences almost doubles if the human capital and institutional are assumed not to affect technology adoption.
