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Author: David Izzat Suleiman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: David Izzat Suleiman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: John Lynch (Ph. D. in finance)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Banks and banking
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This dissertation contains three chapters on topics related to corporate finance and banking. The first two chapters explore how fiscal policy and bank branching deregulation can impact firms’ liquidity and credit constraints, while the third chapter looks at the relationships between executive status, compensation, masculinity, and language complexity. In the first chapter, I shed light on the complexity of liquidity injection programs by providing evidence on unintended consequences that arise when governments and central banks do not consider firm heterogeneity. Utilizing hand-collected, firm-level data from the Paycheck Protection Program, I show that government lending effectively reduced closures (the ultimate consequence of a liquidity shortfall), especially when received during the first two weeks of the program. However, I find that there was significant heterogeneity in the effectiveness of funds, resulting from the government’s broad-brush eligibility guidelines and differences in how firms process policy information. The implementation heavily relied on the banking system, which exacerbated the distributional effects by favoring firms with stronger customer capital. Overall, this chapter highlights the importance of the design of liquidity distribution to maximize its benefits. In the second chapter, I quantify the extent to which financial constraints limit the scope of activity of small firms, influence their labor decisions, and impact their ultimate survival. To study this, I first document how markets with bank branching deregulation experienced an increase in branches, driven by the entry of larger out-of-state banks with a decrease in existing branches. Consequently, small businesses were affected disproportionally. In the treated markets, the overall lending to small businesses declined by 5.4% and remained lower for several years. The decline in credit supply led to a decrease in the number of small businesses; however, many firms were able to stay open by decreasing their demand for labor. Specifically, I document decreases in employment, hours worked, and wages in treated markets. Overall, the results demonstrate the critical dependence of small businesses on relationship lending by local banks and show how temporary negative credit supply shocks can have persistent adverse effects on labor. In the third chapter, I use novel measures of CEO and CFO vocal masculinity and language complexity to gain insight into how these individual-level traits influence executive status and compensation both within and across genders. I find that vocal masculinity, within females, positively impacts their likelihood of becoming a CEO while the opposite is true for males. Furthermore, I find heterogeneity in these relationships depending on the gender composition of the board, the gender of the CFO, and the entrenchment level of a firm. When it comes to communication, CEOs speak with greater complexity than CFOs while both female CEOs and CFOs use more complex language and speak longer during earnings calls than their male counterparts. Finally, for both male and female CEOs, compensation is positively related to masculinity, while increased language complexity only matters for females. These results help provide insight into the determinants of CEO status and compensation and may help explain how boards view and reward perceived competency across genders.
Author: Zhonghua Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Author: Ling Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Corporate governance of financial and non-financial firms is critical in modern corporations with diffuse stock ownership, which deals with the agency conflicts between managers and shareholders. Corporate governance has a profound impact on various corporate policy, and firm value in the end. This study examines the importance of corporate governance and its influences on various corporate policy and firm value and risks for both financial and non-financial firms. Chapter 1 investigates the association between the firm's liquidity level and liquidity mix on the one hand and CEO entrenchment on the other. CEO entrenchment may distort the firms' liquidity policy because managers and shareholders may have conflicting preferences between cash and lines of credit. Using lines of credit data from 1996 to 2008, we find five main results. First, entrenched CEOs hold more liquidity as measured by the sum of cash and lines of credit. Second, entrenched managers have a preference for cash over lines of credit because while cash gives them flexibility, lines of credit are accompanied with bank restrictions and monitoring. Third, entrenched CEOs also use more lines of credit because of the extra liquidity it provides, despite the associated bank monitoring. Fourth, entrenched CEOs in smaller and opaque firms tend to hold more liquidity. Five, entrenched CEO's preference for cash versus lines of credit is stronger for large and transparent firms, compared to small and opaque firms. These findings imply that firms should better align the interests of the entrenched managers with those of the shareholders in order to limit the excessive liquidity holding of firms when CEOs are entrenched and to thereby increase firms' profitability. Chapter 2 examines the relationship between bank holding company (BHC) performance, risk and "busy" board of directors, an overlooked dimension of corporate governance in the banking literature. Busy directors are defined as directors with three or more directorships. The sample covers the 2001-2010 period. We employ a simultaneous equation framework and estimate the models employing the three stage least square (3SLS) technique in order to account for endogeneity. Several interesting results are obtained. First, BHC performance, as measured by return on assets (ROA), Tobin's Q and earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) over total assets is positively associated with busy directors. Second, BHC total risk (standard deviation of stock returns), market risk (market beta), idiosyncratic risk (standard errors of the CAPM model) credit risk (percentage of non-performing assets over total assets) and default risk (HigherZ-Score) are inversely related to it. Third, busy directors are not more likely to become problem directors, in the sense of failing the meeting-attendance-criterion (75% attendance). Fourth, the benefits of having busy directors in terms of performance improvement strengthened but the benefits of risk reduction declined during the recent financial crisis These findings partially alleviate concerns that when directors become too busy with multiple directorships, they shirk their responsibilities. Major implications for investors, regulators, and firm managers are drawn. Chapter 3 investigates the effect of CEO entrenchment on the loan syndication structure. Over the past decade, syndicated loans have played an increasingly important role in corporate financing. Unlike a traditional bank loan with only a single creditor, a syndicated loan involves a group of lenders: a lead arranger and a number of participant lenders. The syndication process, therefore, generates an additional dimension of agency problem between the lead arranger and the participant lenders, besides the traditional agency cost of debt between the borrowing firm and the lender (Diamond, 1984; Holmstrom and Tirole, 1997). Several results are obtained about syndicated loans made to firms with more entrenched CEOs. First, in these loans the number of participant lenders and their share in the loan are smaller; the lead arranger retains a larger loan share. Second, these loans are more closely held resulting in a higher Herfindahl index of loan concentration. Third, foreign lenders are less involved in these loans. Specifically, the number of foreign lenders and the percentage of loans held by foreign lenders are both smaller. Our findings shed light on the two types of agency problems associated with the syndicated loans, and have great implication for the firms' shareholders, creditors and regulators.
Author: Gerald A. Epstein
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1783472642
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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The many forces that led to the economic crisis of 2008 were in fact identified, analyzed and warned against for many years before the crisis by economist Jane D�Arista, among others. Now, writing in the tradition of D�Arista's extensive work, the
Author: Xinye Zhang Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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This dissertation consists of three papers in corporate finance. Chapter 1 studies how mergers affect client relationship, using evidence from the investment banking industry. Our finding suggests that issuers, especially small ones, choose relationship underwriters to capitalize on relationship-specific assets and reduce the degree of underpricing. Bank mergers result in loss of relationship-specific capital, making the post-merger banks less attractive to the pre-merger banks relationship clients. The loss of relationship capital following bank mergers also results in more underpricing, especially for small issuers. Chapter 2 examine an important factor underlying the cross-sectional variation in CEO Pay-Performance Sensitivity(PPS): investor-manager disagreement. I characterize the optimal PPS when investors and managers have heterogeneous priors, and those priors affect project investment decisions, even under symmetric information. With a large sample, I find strong empirical evidence that CEO pay-performance sensitivity is decreasing with perceived investor-manager disagreement, and the magnitude of the association is economically important. Chapter 3 investigates the causal effects of involuntary delisting from a stock exchange on stock liquidity and long-term firm value. Focusing on firms in violation of NASDAQ continued listing rules between 2000 and 2009, I compare firms eventually delisted and moved trading of its stocks to Over-The-Counter (OTC) markets and those regained compliance and remained on NASDAQ. Market volatility during the delisting grace period is used as an instrumental variable (IV) for delisting outcome. My findings suggest large and negative delisting effect on trading volumes and the firms future access to public equity market; However, once selection is addressed, delisted stocks are no longer associated with higher transaction costs, lower analyst coverage or institutional ownership. My findings also suggest large cross-sectional difference based on a stocks pre-event trading volume: leaving NASDAQ for the OTC markets appear to be costly for previously actively-traded stocks but not the thinly-traded ones.
Author: Peter Nolan
Publisher: Anthem Press
ISBN: 1783081627
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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‘Re-balancing China’ addresses three key sets of issues in China’s political economy. Part One provides an analysis of the profound effect of the global financial crisis upon China’s economy, as well as the positive impact of the massive rescue package that was implemented in response to the crisis. Part Two focuses on the challenge of globalization for China’s industrial policy. After more than two decades of industrial policy, China still has a negligible number of large firms that are competitive in global markets. China’s experience presents a fundamental challenge to traditional concepts of industrial policy and development. Part Three examines China’s international relations – in particular, its relationship with the US and the interactions between the two countries in the East and South China Seas.
Author: Andrew Godley
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9780714642666
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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This volume of essays begins from the observation that small firms often experience considerable difficulty in raising funds for expansion or investment. There may be a number of explanations for this, including the time and costs incurred by financial intermediaries in appraising applications for credit. These costs partly arise from the inability of market institutions to price effectively non-quantifiable components of a loan contract. The essays collected here explore a variety of alternatives in which networks have substituted for market transactions. They focus on the role of trust engendered by historical, cultural and geographical proximity, explore the possible conflicts of interest arising from business and social relationships and discuss the ways in which informal information can reduce the costs involved in sorting, screening and monitoring borrowers. The role of government in framing policies designed to aid small companies is also examined. The essays cover a wide range of material and marshall an impressive array of evidence on the role of information, trust and long-term relationships in easing the operation of credit markets. Applied to situations as diverse as the Swedish printing machinery industry in the twentieth century, contemporary Italian local banking, nineteenth-century bank lending in England and the Australasian pastoral industries before World War Two, a convincing case is made for looking beyond formal market relationships in attempting to understand the financing of small business.
Author: Gerald Leahy
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 9781855733268
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Leahy looks at the principles governing the relationships between businesses and their bankers, and at the services banks provide to their corporate clients, examining the establishment, maintenance, review and termination of such relationships
Author: Geoffrey Wood
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136835318
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Forrest Capie is an eminent economic historian who has published extensively on a wide range of topics, with an emphasis on banking and monetary history, particularly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but also in other areas such as tariffs and the interwar economy. He is a former editor of the Economic History Review, one of the leading academic journals in this discipline. Under the steely editorship of Geoffrey Wood, this book brings together a stellar line of of contributors - including Charles Goodhart, Harold James, Michael Bordo, Barry Eichengreen, Charles Calomiris, and Anna Schwartz. The book analyzes many of the mainstream themes in economic and financial history - monetary policy, international financial regulation, economic performance, exchange rate systems, international trade, banking and financial markets - where historical perspectives are considered important. The current wave of globalisation has stimulated interest in many of these areas as ‘lessons of history’ are sought. These themes also reflect the breadth of Capie’s work in terms of time periods and topics.
