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Author: Celia Melguizo Cháfer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
This thesis analyses the impact of the recession on the regional labour markets in Spain by considering three different aspects: the regional unemployment sensitivity to economic variations, the minimum wage effect on youth employment rate and finally, the role of the labour market determinants on internal migration. Firstly, we explore the inverse relationship between unemployment and GDP for the Spanish provinces and the period ranging 1985-2013. After testing the time series properties of provincial GDP and unemployment, we specify static and dynamic versions of the Okun's law using VAR and PVAR techniques. Both static and dynamic analyses lead us to determine that provinces show large differences in their unemployment sensitivity to GDP shocks. In particular, provinces that show less diversified industries, a more developed services sector and higher rates of labour participation suffer from higher variations in unemployment rates. In the following analysis we evaluate the effect of minimum wages on regional employment rates, taking especially into consideration its influence on youth employment. The work contributes to the literature by focusing on the analysis of a recessionary period but also by considering spatial effects in order to capture the interactions between regional labour markets. The obtained results have shown a negative but quite small effect of the Kaitz index on the employment rate. The disaggregation of youth population into different age groups has allowed us to identify that the youth group most affected by minimum wages is the one between 20 and 24 years old, which is the most common age group of workers that face the school-to-work transition. Finally, we analyse the main determinants of migration between 45 Spanish Functional Urban Areas during the period of the recent economic downturn, in which factors traditionally related to internal migration such as real wages and employment have greatly declined. In order to perform the analysis, we have resorted to a gravity model for bilateral migration flows where several controls and different complex structures of fixed effects have been included in order to avoid potential endogeneity problems as a consequence of variables omission. Results show that real average wages are relevant migration determinants. They exert a strong influence, especially in foreigners and returned nationals and also, they behave as expected for the working age groups. However, the effect of employment rate on migration flows is less clear. The inconclusive results on the role of employment rate on migration are in line with results obtained in eighties and early nineties highly instability period, when migration phenomenon was labelled as "an enigma".
Author: Celia Melguizo Cháfer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
This thesis analyses the impact of the recession on the regional labour markets in Spain by considering three different aspects: the regional unemployment sensitivity to economic variations, the minimum wage effect on youth employment rate and finally, the role of the labour market determinants on internal migration. Firstly, we explore the inverse relationship between unemployment and GDP for the Spanish provinces and the period ranging 1985-2013. After testing the time series properties of provincial GDP and unemployment, we specify static and dynamic versions of the Okun's law using VAR and PVAR techniques. Both static and dynamic analyses lead us to determine that provinces show large differences in their unemployment sensitivity to GDP shocks. In particular, provinces that show less diversified industries, a more developed services sector and higher rates of labour participation suffer from higher variations in unemployment rates. In the following analysis we evaluate the effect of minimum wages on regional employment rates, taking especially into consideration its influence on youth employment. The work contributes to the literature by focusing on the analysis of a recessionary period but also by considering spatial effects in order to capture the interactions between regional labour markets. The obtained results have shown a negative but quite small effect of the Kaitz index on the employment rate. The disaggregation of youth population into different age groups has allowed us to identify that the youth group most affected by minimum wages is the one between 20 and 24 years old, which is the most common age group of workers that face the school-to-work transition. Finally, we analyse the main determinants of migration between 45 Spanish Functional Urban Areas during the period of the recent economic downturn, in which factors traditionally related to internal migration such as real wages and employment have greatly declined. In order to perform the analysis, we have resorted to a gravity model for bilateral migration flows where several controls and different complex structures of fixed effects have been included in order to avoid potential endogeneity problems as a consequence of variables omission. Results show that real average wages are relevant migration determinants. They exert a strong influence, especially in foreigners and returned nationals and also, they behave as expected for the working age groups. However, the effect of employment rate on migration flows is less clear. The inconclusive results on the role of employment rate on migration are in line with results obtained in eighties and early nineties highly instability period, when migration phenomenon was labelled as "an enigma".
Author: Lucy Qian Liu
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484387767
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
This paper studies the main factors that explain the low regional mobility in Spain, with a view to identifying policy options at the regional and central level to promote labor mobility. The empirical analysis finds that house prices, labor market conditions, and the pervasiveness of labor market duality at the regional level are the main determinants for Spain’s regional mobility, while labor market institutions and policies play an important role at the national level. Policies that facilitate wage setting flexibility and reduce labor market duality could help enhance the functioning of the labor market, thereby promoting labor mobility. There may be also room for policies to incentivize people to move and provide support through targeted active labor market policies.
Author: Juan Jimeno
Publisher: International Labour Organization
ISBN: 9789221087410
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Estudio donde se examinan las razones para la gran persistencia e incremento del desempleo en España a partir de los primeros años de la década de los setenta, centrándose particularmente en la flexibilidad como principal razón para la ineficacia del mercado laboral.
Author: Teresa Lawlor
Publisher: Addison Wesley Publishing Company
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
Provides an accessible single volume introduction to the political, economic and social developments in Spain since 1939. The text consists of essays in English and also a selection of texts in Spanish.
Author: Carolin Ioramashvili
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Alejandro García-Cintado
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319036866
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
This work investigates the time series properties of the unemployment rate of the Spanish regions over the period 1976-2011. For that purpose, the authors employ the PANIC procedures of Bai and Ng (2004), which allows to decompose the observed unemployment rate series into common factor and idiosyncratic components. This enables the authors to identify the exact source behind the hysteretic behaviour found in Spanish regional unemployment. Overall, the analysis with three different proxies for the excess of labour supply renders strong support for the hysteresis hypothesis, which appears to be caused by a common stochastic trend driving all the regional unemployment series. In the second part of the analysis the authors try to determine the macroeconomic and institutional factors that are able to explain the time series evolution of the common factor, and in turn help us shed light on the ultimate sources of hysteresis. The reader shall see how the variables that the empirical analysis emphasises as relevant closely fit into the main causes of the Spanish unemployment behaviour. Finally, some policy considerations drawn from the results are presented.
Author: Ewald Nowotny
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1849802270
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
This selection of essays widens the scope for discussion on the design of national labour market and migration policies in the enlarged European Union. They provide some new evidence on recent development on labour market outcomes, and thus, contribute to the ongoing political debate on the economic effects of the enlargement of the European Union. . . it was definitely a gain to spend time in reading this volume. Mathias Czaika, Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik Combining both academic and practitioner perspectives, this book provides authoritative insights into the integration of European labour markets against the background of increasing international labour mobility. A wide range of contributions explore, in particular, the effects that labour mobility has had on the earnings and employment situation of individual households, on the effective supply of labour, and on the availability of skills in migrants home and host countries as well as on the size of income support through migrants remittances. Global and European trends and patterns are discussed along with related policy challenges all with a special focus on European migration after EU enlargement and the nexus between labour markets and trade integration. This book will be an invaluable source of information for economists and other economic policy and European integration experts from central, commercial and investment banks, governments, international organizations, universities and research institutes alike.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
This thesis examines the impact of parental job loss and parental job insecurity on several academic outcomes of their offspring. Recent evidence has shown that parental job loss negatively influences the school performance of their offspring. Chapter 2 uses an original dataset I collected myself (described in Chapter 1) to study the effect of parental job loss on children's school performance during the Great Recession in Spain. Conditioning on student fixed effects and observed covariates, the Great Recession generates variation in job loss that could be considered analogous to that provided by randomisation. The results show that after father's job loss, students experience a negative and significant decrease on average grades of about 13 to 19% of a standard deviation. This effect remains unaltered once the impact of mother's job loss on grades is accounted for. Interestingly, maternal job loss has no significant effect on the school performance of her offspring. Moreover, school performance prior to father's job loss is not affected by future job losses, reinforcing the causal interpretation of the link between father's job loss and children's educational outcomes. Finally, the impact of paternal job loss is not homogeneous across students, but it is rather largely concentrated among children whose fathers suffer long unemployment spells after job loss and those students in already disadvantaged families in terms of the level of education of the father. Therefore, these results are pointing out a mechanism (paternal job loss) through which further inequalities might develop during and after a deep economic crisis. Chapter 3 uses exogenous variation in regional labour market policies in Spain to identify the impact of paternal job insecurity on the students' probability of graduating from compulsory education on time. Using data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey, average marginal effects and local average treatment effects (LATE) are estimated. Results indicate that students whose fathers hold a permanent contract (as opposed to a temporary, fixed-term contract) the year they should graduate from compulsory education are, on average, 7 percentage points more likely to graduate on time. LATE estimates are considerably higher, suggesting that those students whose fathers obtained a permanent contract as a result of the availability of regional subsidies reaped bigger benefits from paternal job stability. These results hold when maternal job insecurity is also accounted for, and they are concentrated on male students. Importantly, these findings seem to indicate that the pervasive effects of temporary contracts found elsewhere in the literature go beyond the employees and affect negatively their children's educational outcomes.
Author: Ms.Florence Jaumotte
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1455211893
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
The Spanish labor market is not working: the unemployment rate is structurally very high; wages are not very responsive to labor market conditions, causing a high cyclicality of unemployment; and the labor market is highly dual. Compared with the EU15, Spanish labor market institutions and policies stand out by the structure of its collective bargaining, which occurs mostly at an intermediate level, and by very high severance payments for permanent workers. Based on a quantitative analysis, the paper shows that moving away from the intermediate level of bargaining would go a long way toward bringing the unemployment rate closer to the EU15 average. The key reform needed to reduce the share of temporary workers is reducing employment protection of permanent workers. Substantially reforming the collective bargaining system and reducing the protection of permanent workers are likely to be highly complementary to secure a substantial reduction in the unemployment rate. The recent 2010 labor market reform attempts to address these issues, although its effects are still to materialize.
Author: Hector Sala
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
The Spanish labour market disproportionately booms in expansions and bursts in recessions; meanwhile, its regions' relative position persists: those with the highest unemployment rates in 1996 were also in the worse position in 2012. To examine this twofold feature, we apply Blanchard and Katz's (1992) methodology and evaluate how the Spanish labour market reacts to regional employment shocks in a variety of cases. Shock responses are channelled via changes in unemployment, labour market participation, and spatial mobility.Our results provide evidence of asymmetric responses across business cycle phases (1996-2007 and 2008-2012). While changes in participation rates are the main adjustment mechanism in expansion, unemployment and spatial mobility become the central ones in recession. We also provide evidence of real wage rigidities in both periods, but strong asymmetries in house prices, which are sticky in recession but notably reactive in expansion. We conclude with a cluster analysis showing that high and low unemployment regions have similar responses in the short-run while, in the long-run, the former are more reactive in terms of spatial mobility. Overall, we provide evidence that people are more willing to migrate when a regional shock occurs in relatively worse economic contexts.
