Essays on Moral Hazard and Competition in Banking PDF Download
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Author: Laura Sabani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Laura Sabani
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Nobuhiko Hibara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Author: Juan Flores Zendejas
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000515028
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Moral Hazard is a core concept in economics. In a nutshell, moral hazard reflects the reduced incentive to protect against risk where an entity is (or believes it will be) protected from its consequences, whether through an insurance arrangement or an implicit or explicit guarantee system. It is fundamentally driven by information asymmetry, arises in all sectors of the economy, including banking, medical insurance, financial insurance, and governmental support, undermines the stability of our economic systems and has burdened taxpayers in all developed countries, resulting in significant costs to the community. Despite the seriousness and pervasiveness of moral hazard, policymakers and scholars have failed to address this issue. This book fills this gap. It covers 200 years of moral hazard: from its origins in the 19th century to the bailouts announced in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak. The book is divided into three parts. Part I deals with the ethics and other fundamental issues connected to moral hazard. Part II provides historical and empirical evidence on moral hazard in international finance. It examines in turn the role of the export credit industry, the international lender of last resort, and the IMF. Finally, Part III examines specific sectors such as automobile, banking, and the US industry at large. This is the first book to provide an interdisciplinary analysis of moral hazard and explain why addressing this issue has become crucial today. As such, it will attract interest from scholars across different fields, including economists, political scientists and lawyers.
Author: Gustavo Passarelli Giroud Joaquim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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This thesis estimates the eect of competition in the financial sector using both individual level data and economic theory, and explores the role of credit policy in mitigating potential adverse effects of imperfect competition. The first essay uses heterogeneous exposure to large bank mergers to estimate the eect of bank competition on both financial and real variables in local Brazilian markets. Using detailed administrative data on loans and firms, we employ a difference-in-differences empirical strategy to identify the causal eect of bank competition. Following M&A episodes, spreads increase and there is persistently less lending in exposed markets. We also find that bank competition reduces employment. We develop a tractable model of heterogeneous firms and concentration in the banking sector and show that the observed effects in the data and predicted by the model are consistent. Among other counterfactuals, we show that if the Brazilian lending spread were to fall to the world level, output would increase by approximately 5%. The second essay develops a contract-based model of industrial organization for markets characterized by information and other frictions (Moral Hazard, Limited Commitment, Adverse Selection etc.) and dierent market structures (Monopoly, Oligopoly, Competition), the latter driven by spatial costs, idiosyncratic preferences, and number of financial service providers. We derive a likelihood estimator for the structural parameters that determine contracting frictions and market structure and apply this to the Townsend Thai data on small and medium enterprises and bank locations. Our model of production is microfounded and thus can be used for a broad set counterfactuals. The third essay explores the role of credit policies to mitigate the effects of lack of competition in the financial sector. In many emerging markets, governments try to increase credit access and stimulate economic growth by imposing caps on lending rates. We analyze these policies by extending workhorse models with financial frictions to include a banking sector with market power. Caps are beneficial as they reduce credit costs but are also harmful as they crowd out risky borrowers which can access credit only at high interest rates, and thus have an ambiguous effect in current output and capital accumulation. We show that the optimal policy to maximize steady state welfare involves relatively high caps on a large share of bank loans. The optimal policy decreases output today, but increases capital accumulation through a lower cost of credit and thus output in the future. Thanks to tractable aggregation properties, the framework can be used to analyze a broad set of alternative credit policies.
Author: Ka Kei Chan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This thesis proposes theoretical models to study bank risk-taking and financial stability. Three issues are explored: (1) the moral-hazard incentive for securitisation, (2) the socially optimal banking structure for the economy, and (3) the relationship between bank competition and financial stability, based on bank funding structures and fire-sale risks. Chapter 2 proposes a model to study how bank securitisation affects the value of bank equity, and hence what leads a bank to securitise its assets. The proposed model shows that moral hazard (which is induced by the deposit insurance scheme), can be one essential motive for the securitisation of deposit-taking commercial banks. This chapter also discusses some factors that can restrain the moral-hazard and risk-taking behaviour in bank securitisation. Chapter 3 investigates the social value of different banking structures. The proposed model finds that total separation is not the optimal banking structure for an economy, because it forbids the liquidity transfer between subsidiary banks, which is socially valuable. The comparison between ring-fencing and universal banking is more complicated; Chapter 3 shows that whether ring-fencing or universal banking is the best banking structure for an economy depends on the returns to the different subsidiary banking sectors. Chapter 4 studies how asset fire-sales risks and bank funding structures can affect the relationship between bank competition and financial stability. The proposed model finds that the funding-structure risks of the banks can create an incentive for excess risk-taking in a multi-bank economy. Moreover, the model shows that the excessive risk taking increases with the number of banks in the economy. This result is similar in spirit to the Cournot equilibrium in standard microeconomic theory.
Author: Mr.Gianni De Nicolo
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451853815
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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This study reinvestigates the theoretical relationship between competition in banking and banks' exposure to risk of failure. There is a large existing literature that concludes that when banks are confronted with increased competition, they rationally choose more risky portfolios. We briefly review this literature and argue that it has had a significant influence on regulators and central bankers, causing them to take a less favorable view of competition and encouraging anti-competitive consolidation as a response to banking instability. We then show that existing theoretical analyses of this topic are fragile, since they do not detect two fundamental risk-incentive mechanisms that operate in exactly the opposite direction, causing banks to aquire more risk per portfolios as their markets become more concentrated. We argue that these mechanisms should be essential ingredients of models of bank competition.
Author: C.J.M Kool
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461312639
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Essays on Money, Banking and Regulation honors the interests and achievements of the Dutch economist Conrad Oort. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 - Fiscal and monetary policy - reviews a variety of topics ranging from the measurement of money to the control and management of government expenditures. Part 2 - International institutions and international economic policy - looks at the international dimension of monetary and fiscal policy, with extensive discussion of the International Monetary Fund and the European Monetary Union. Part 3 - The future of international banking and the financial sector in the Netherlands - is an insider's view of the strategic choices facing financial institutions in the near future. Finally, Part 4 - Taxation and reforms in the Dutch tax system - is closest to Oort's research and practice since he has become known as an architect of the 1990 Dutch tax reform; this part is dedicated in particular to the tax reforms suggested by Oort.
Author: Mr.Eduardo Levy Yeyati
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 145185238X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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The removal of government guarantees in borrowing countries does not eliminate the moral hazard problem posed by the existence of deposit guarantees in lender countries. The paper shows that, after restrictions on international capital flows are lifted, banks in low-risk developed countries benefit from lending funds captured in home markets at low deposit rates to high-risk/high-yield projects in emerging economies, even though these projects command lower expected returns. This, in turn, has a negative impact on bank profitability in the borrowing country, even when foreign funds are intermediated through domestic banks. The results are consistent with the surge in international bank lending flows that led to recent banking crises in Asia.
Author: David S. Bizer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Banks and banking
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: Paul Kent Chaney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cost accounting
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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