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Author: Sunayana Mehra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bank mergers
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
Author: Sunayana Mehra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bank mergers
Languages : en
Pages : 294
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Qin Wei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
This dissertation includes three chapters which are three papers on banking mergers and acquisitions. Bank failure and bank takeover are major risks which cause a bank to cease to exist, and Chapter 1 focuses on analyzing the factors which indicate bank takeover target vs. bank failure. The target banks would be integrated into acquiring banks, and the performance of the acquiring banks may change post the takeovers. Therefore Chapter 2 focuses on the impact of bank acquisition on the acquiring bank in the U.S.. Chapter 3 focuses on the prediction field and compares two different methodologies (multinomial logistic regression and machine learning method of XGBoost) on the prediction of bank failure or takeover. Chapter 1, titled FACTORS THAT INDICATE BANK TAKEOVER TARGET VS. BANK FAILURE, analyzes the mergers and acquisitions data for the US banking industry from 2001 to late 2015, using both multinomial logistic method and competing risk proportional hazard method, to see how the financial ratios and bank specific features affect the risk of bank failure, bank takeover by a correlated bank under the same ultimate parent bank holding company, and bank takeover by an independent bank with a different ultimate parent bank holding company. This chapter also analyzes the characteristics of failed banks and the target banks in different stages in the financial economic cycle. The results show that the failed banks or the banks which were taken over by independent banks have lower capital ratio, higher real estate loan ratio and commercial and industrial loan ratio, higher non-performing loan ratio, lower after tax profit ratio, higher operating profit ratio, higher liquidity ratio, younger age and smaller asset growth ratio than the baseline banks which continue to operate as usual during the through the cycle period. One notable difference between these two risks is that failed banks tend to be of bigger size, while the acquired banks tend to be of smaller size. Banks which were taken over by correlated banks exhibit higher equity ratio, higher commercial and industrial loan ratio, lower after tax profit ratio, lower liquidity ratio, bigger size, smaller asset growth ratio and younger age compared to the baseline banks which continue to operate as usual during the through the cycle period. The results show the three risk events are subject to some extent of sensitivity to different stages in the financial economic cycle, with the risk of bank takeover by a correlated bank has most sensitivity. The results also show there is small sensitivity observed for the factors indicating the three risks to the methodology utilized. Chapter 2, titled IMPACT OF BANK ACQUISITION ON THE ACQUIRING BANK IN THE U.S., focuses on the merger and acquisition activities in the U.S. banking industry between 2003 and 2014 and analyzes the data to see the effects of the merger and acquisition on the acquiring banks' performance post the event. This chapter selects performance measures of financial ratios implied in CAMEL measure, uses both group time difference-in-difference method and quantile difference-in-difference method to see the impacts. The results show that not all the financial ratios have been significantly impacted by the merger and acquisition, and the impacts show some variations depending on which stages in an economic cycle the mergers and acquisitions are conducted in. Equity ratio, commercial and industrial loan ratio, delinquent assets ratio, non-performing assets ratio and return on equity ratio show significant impact from the mergers and acquisitions for all the three stages across the economic cycle. The results also show that there are variations of merger and acquisition effects on the performance measures depending on whether they are in high end or low end of their distributions. Chapter 3, titled PREDICTION OF U.S. BANK STATUS USING MACHINE LEARNING VS. MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION, compares multinomial logistic regression methodology with machine learning method of eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to see which methodology can give better prediction on two types of risk events faced by U.S. banks, namely bank failure and bank takeover, using the features consisting of financial ratios on the data from 2002 to 2014. This paper also compares the most important features in each methodology. Beyond that, this paper explores SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to interpret how bank features influence these two types of risk events from XGBoost method. The results show that XGBoost method gives better prediction accuracy if both developing the model and evaluating the performance on the whole length of US banking mergers and acquisitions data from 2002 to 2014, but the outperformance of XGBoost method is not obvious if developing the model in restricted in-sample data (from 2002 to 2010) and evaluating the performance using the out-of-sample data (from 2011 and 2014). Both two methodologies can give better prediction accuracy on the risk of bank failure than the risk of bank takeover. In addition, the most important features from XGBoost method and multinomial logistic regression method are highly aligned, with non-operating expense ratio, net after tax income ratio, equity ratio, non-performing asset ratio are the top important features. Finally, the SHAP analysis on XGBoost model shows that the features contribute to the targeted risks in a non-linear way.
Author: Ashford Maharaj
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1581122276
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
This study focused on factors that have positively influenced the model of economic success for commercial and thrift megabanks involved in merger and acquisition activities for the period 1990 - 1997, a period characterized by an unprecedented flurry of merger and acquisition activities among megabanks in the United States. This study identified and measured key independent variables for identifiable mergers and acquisitions among megabanks and tested the extent to which, such independent variables influenced abnormal returns for underlying equities traded in capital markets. This study also tested the hypothesis that megabanks are attracting significantly higher acquisition premiums than the relatively smaller banks. The data collected and the conclusions drawn were based on the logic of a hypothetico-deductive paradigm, which essentially utilized the techniques of the standard event study methodology, and included parameters of the conventional Capital Asset Pricing Model. This study was based on a scientifically determined sample of over 200 banks in the small bank category and between 68 and 86 banks grouped under the megabank category. The findings revealed that megebank acquirers realized negative abnormal returns and that megabank acquirees did not realize economic value significantly greater than acquirers for those banks that integrated on a merger-of-equals basis. The findings also showed that megabanks seemed more willing to pay higher premiums for the right to integrate with other megabanks vis-a-vis the right to integrate with small banks.
Author: Yakov Amihud
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475727992
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
As the financial services industry becomes increasingly international, the more narrowly defined and historically protected national financial markets become less significant. Consequently, financial institutions must achieve a critical size in order to compete. Bank Mergers & Acquisitions analyses the major issues associated with the large wave of bank mergers and acquisitions in the 1990's. While the effects of these changes have been most pronounced in the commercial banking industry, they also have a profound impact on other financial institutions: insurance firms, investment banks, and institutional investors. Bank Mergers & Acquisitions is divided into three major sections: A general and theoretical background to the topic of bank mergers and acquisitions; the effect of bank mergers on efficiency and shareholders' wealth; and regulatory and legal issues associated with mergers of financial institutions. It brings together contributions from leading scholars and high-level practitioners in economics, finance and law.
Author: Gabriel A. Hawawini
Publisher: North Holland
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
Presented in this book is a comprehensive empirical analysis of mergers and acquisitions in the U.S. banking industry. The purpose of the study is to examine the merger phenomenon in the banking industry by answering the following questions: - What are the incentives for banks to merge? - Has the prohibition of interstate banking prevented banks from diversifying and has it increased the rate of bank failures by restricting (geographical) diversification opportunities? - Are bank mergers wealth-creating activities and how are the gains/losses from a merger distributed between the acquiring and acquired bank shareholders? - How can the changes in shareholder wealth resulting from bank mergers be explained and are there differences between interstate and intrastate mergers? - What are the implications of the study's findings for regulatory policy? Theory and practical implications are blended in this book which should appeal to both academics and practitioners in the field
Author: American Bar Association. Section of Antitrust Law
Publisher: American Bar Association
ISBN: 9781590317174
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
The Bank Merger and Acquisitions Handbook is a how-to manual for lawyers who must analyze a potential transaction or who are faced with an agency review of the competitive effects of a proposed transaction that would combine banking institutions. Its focus is practical; complementing the Antitrust Section's other publications on merger review including Mergers and Acquisitions, and the Premerger Notification Practice Manual. This book addresses those aspects of bank merger review that are unique to banking institutions - such as the statutory framework, banking agency review, and Justice Department standards - and draws on learning from recent transactions in which one or more of the reviewing agencies raised concerns. It should be helpful to both antitrust lawyers and banking lawyers faced with a bank merger and to banking lawyers faced with a transaction that presents substantive competition issues.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Antitrust law
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Author: Ashford Maharaj
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 0595356400
Category : Bank mergers
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
Megabank consolidations in the United States: The enigma continues, investigates merger of equals among megabanks as a business model and also postulates that higher premiums are paid for the right to integrate with the very large banks versus that paid for the right to integrate with relatively smaller banks. By introducing merger of equals and megabank premium comparatives, the author has filled a void left vacant by previous researchers investigating inorganic growth among banks in the U.S. banking industry. Decision makers, academicians, policy makers, and students of finance will once more be looking for "what is out there" in order to guide understandings and decisions re the integration aspects among financial intermediaries. The book sought to illuminate a clarity of understanding involving the analysis and interpretation of organic versus inorganic growth among megabanks in the United States. Despite the general destruction of shareholders incremental value brought about through inorganic growth, the enigma continues in that banks proceed to integrate at an accelerating pace over the past two decades, though there was a brief lull early in this new Millennium.
Author: Steven J. Pilloff
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437933637
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Book Description
During the 1980¿2003 period the number of banking org. in the U.S. decreased from 16,000 to 8,000, and mergers of healthy institutions were by far the most important cause of that consolidation. During that period, the share of industry assets held by the ten largest commercial banking org. rose from 22% to 46%, and the share of industry deposits held by the ten largest rose from 19% to 41%. The database employed in this study consists of the vast majority of mergers between separately owned banking org. This study covers every transaction in which the target institution or one of its banking subsid. was chartered in the U.S. and in which the acquirer and the target were, or owned, a commercial bank, savings bank, s&l assoc., or industrial bank.
Author: Stephen A. Rhoades
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437933653
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
After 1980, the U.S. banking industry experienced a sustained and unprecedented level of merger activity that has substantially affected banking structure. From 1980 through 1998, there were approx. 8,000 mergers, involving about $2.4 trillion in acquired assets. From 1990 to 1999 several mergers occurred that, at the time of occurrence, were the largest bank mergers in U.S. history. This report describes various facets of bank merger activity and some of the changes in U.S. banking structure that occurred from 1980 through 1998. A primary force underlying the sustained merger movement in banking since 1980 was the gradual removal of state and federal restrictions on geographic expansion in banking. Charts and tables.
