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Author: Carlo Zanella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Carlo Zanella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Omer Faruk Koru
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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In the first chapter, I provide a theory that links automation to the top income inequality. I construct a model in which managing labor is harder than managing capital. Hence, an improvement in automation enables entrepreneurs to scale up their production. This leads highly productive entrepreneurs to capture a larger fraction of the market and hence this increases top income inequality. I show that the shape parameter of the Pareto distribution that characterizes the right tail of income distribution is inversely related to the automation parameter. Using cross-industry and cross-country data, I provide empirical support for the model's prediction.In the second chapter, I quantitatively analyze the impact of improvements in automation technology on top wealth shares. I incorporate the production function that I consider in the first chapter into an Aiyagari model with entrepreneurs and a financial friction. An improvement in automation technology impacts wealth concentration through two channels: first, it increases the return to entrepreneurial skill; second, it increases dispersion to return to capital. I calibrate the model to the 1968 US economy and increased the automation parameter to the 2016 value. Comparing the two steady-states, the model generates one-fourth of the observed increase in wealth share of the top 1% and explains 10% of the observed increase in the top 0.1%. In consumption equivalence terms, workers' welfare increases by 5%, and entrepreneurs' welfare increases by 8%. The third chapter examines the strong positive correlation between job-to-job transition rates and nominal wage growth in the U.S. First, using time series regressions, structural monetary policy shocks, and survey data on search effort we provide evidence that inflationary shocks cause higher job-to-job transitions in the subsequent years. Second, we build a model with aggregate shocks and competitive on-the-job search in which wages react sluggishly to inflation. Third, we calibrate the model to the U.S. economy and find that the output response to inflation shock is non-monotonic. The monetary authority can stimulate productivity with an inflationary shock through job-to-job transitions.
Author: Lukas Schlogl
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030301311
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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This open access book examines the future of inequality, work and wages in the age of automation with a focus on developing countries. The authors argue that the rise of a global ‘robot reserve army’ has profound effects on labor markets and economic development, but, rather than causing mass unemployment, new technologies are more likely to lead to stagnant wages and premature deindustrialization. The book illuminates the debate on the impact of automation upon economic development, in particular issues of poverty, inequality and work. It highlights public policy responses and strategies–ranging from containment to coping mechanisms—to confront the effects of automation.
Author: Fredrik Heyman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This paper examines whether recent advancements in automation and robotics have affected intergenerational income mobility. Using detailed data on all individuals and firms registered in Sweden, we study whether parental exposure to robots at the occupational level and heterogeneous adoption of robots across industries and regions influence children's outcomes in adulthood. We find that occupational exposure to robots is associated with lower income mobility for children. Based on a shift-share IV approach, we show that the lower intergenerational income mobility originates from industry-regions with a relatively large increase in robot adoption. In addition, we show that these children are worse off on a number of labor market and family-related outcomes. Our results point to a new channel through which technological changes affect intergenerational mobility and indicate that automation and exposure to new technologies can have long-lasting effects.
Author: Joshua Krook
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781974513505
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Robots, artificial intelligence and automation are going to fundamentally change the way we work, play and live in the 21st Century.Or will they?In this provocative new book, Krook questions the dominant ideology that automation and A.I. will make our lives easier and give us more freedom than ever before. Instead, he argues the opposite is the case, and that this new technology is set to make our lives much worse.In a series of essays, Krook discusses the automation of job applications, the robot revolution, the nature of free will, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, the 9-5 work day, modern consumerism and the new project-based economy.In each essay, he identifies various challenges facing the modern worker, pressed to adapt and rapidly learn new skills in the face of rapid technological change.
Author: Andy Sumner
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781013272097
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
This open access book examines the future of inequality, work and wages in the age of automation with a focus on developing countries. The authors argue that the rise of a global 'robot reserve army' has profound effects on labor markets and economic development, but, rather than causing mass unemployment, new technologies are more likely to lead to stagnant wages and premature deindustrialization. The book illuminates the debate on the impact of automation upon economic development, in particular issues of poverty, inequality and work. It highlights public policy responses and strategies-ranging from containment to coping mechanisms-to confront the effects of automation. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Author: Riccardo Campa
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788894830248
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Author: Masahiro Yoshida (Economist)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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The aging economies facing secular labor shortage are bound to respond by admitting foreign labor or by adopting labor-saving technology. This paper proposes that inflows of regional foreign labor guides the penetration of automation. I develop a dynamic spatial framework, in which tasks are optimally allocated across robots, and domestic or foreign labor. Then, I semi-parametrically recover cross-factor substitution schedules from a series of commuting zone-level elasticities of economic outcomes with respect to immigration, which are estimated using a 1940 ethnic settlement pattern. The model predicts that immigration's impact on wages during 1980-2015 could be reversed by including effects from immigration-induced adjustments of automation. I find that low-skilled immigration alone reduces routine occupation native wages, but raises the wages in the long run by retarding the adoption of automation, resulting in enhanced domestic welfare. Finally, I find that a universal basic income policy targeted to U. S. citizens will boost dependence on automation and foreign labor by upshifting routine occupation native wages.
Author: Virginia Eubanks
Publisher: Picador
ISBN: 9781250215789
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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The New York Times Book Review: "Riveting." Naomi Klein: "This book is downright scary." Ethan Zuckerman, MIT: "Should be required reading." Dorothy Roberts, author of Killing the Black Body: "A must-read." Astra Taylor, author of The People's Platform: "The single most important book about technology you will read this year." Cory Doctorow: "Indispensable." A powerful investigative look at data-based discrimination—and how technology affects civil and human rights and economic equity The State of Indiana denies one million applications for healthcare, foodstamps and cash benefits in three years—because a new computer system interprets any mistake as “failure to cooperate.” In Los Angeles, an algorithm calculates the comparative vulnerability of tens of thousands of homeless people in order to prioritize them for an inadequate pool of housing resources. In Pittsburgh, a child welfare agency uses a statistical model to try to predict which children might be future victims of abuse or neglect. Since the dawn of the digital age, decision-making in finance, employment, politics, health and human services has undergone revolutionary change. Today, automated systems—rather than humans—control which neighborhoods get policed, which families attain needed resources, and who is investigated for fraud. While we all live under this new regime of data, the most invasive and punitive systems are aimed at the poor. In Automating Inequality, Virginia Eubanks systematically investigates the impacts of data mining, policy algorithms, and predictive risk models on poor and working-class people in America. The book is full of heart-wrenching and eye-opening stories, from a woman in Indiana whose benefits are literally cut off as she lays dying to a family in Pennsylvania in daily fear of losing their daughter because they fit a certain statistical profile. The U.S. has always used its most cutting-edge science and technology to contain, investigate, discipline and punish the destitute. Like the county poorhouse and scientific charity before them, digital tracking and automated decision-making hide poverty from the middle-class public and give the nation the ethical distance it needs to make inhumane choices: which families get food and which starve, who has housing and who remains homeless, and which families are broken up by the state. In the process, they weaken democracy and betray our most cherished national values. This deeply researched and passionate book could not be more timely.
Author: Zeng Jinli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Equality
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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