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Author: Meredith A. Crowley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Author: Meredith A. Crowley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Author: Edwin A. Vermulst
Publisher: Cameron May
ISBN: 1905017006
Category : Customs administration
Languages : en
Pages : 995
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Articles written between 1985 and 2005 on three areas of international trade law: EC customs laws (including customs classification, rules of origin and the Generalized System of Preferences); EC trade laws (anti-dumping and countervailing duties, safeguards and trade barriers regulation); and WTO law (primarily focusing on the Anti-Dumping Agreement and matters arising from the WTO dispute settlement process).
Author: N. David Palmeter
Publisher: Cameron May
ISBN: 1874698341
Category : Commercial policy
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Author: R K Gupta
Publisher: SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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With the increased globalization of markets, lowering of customs tariffs, and removal of nontariff barriers, domestic industries need to protect themselves from dumped imports while exporters need to safeguard their interests against the unduly protective measures of importing countries. R. K. Gupta's comprehensive book, Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Measures, provides basic information concerning the legal provisions and the procedures for initiating or contesting investigations against dumping or subsidized imports. Of special note in the text are the author's discussion of the salient features of GATT, details of all anti-dumping cases investigated in India in recent times, and procedures followed by India's major trading partners, namely the United States and the European Community. Likely India's first complete reference on this subject, this valuable text will be of interest to exporters, importers, manufacturers, policy planners, lawyers and government officials dealing with anti-dumping cases, and all those involved in international trade and international business law.
Author: Mian Muhammad Farrukh Raza
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Leaders around the world have introduced various trade policies including subsidies, tariffs, anti-dumping duties or price undertakings throughout the trade history. These trade policies have benefitted states in different ways. For example, some countries achieved economic development by supporting their firms through various subsidies and helping them to enhance their product qualities and become competitive in the international market. Whereas, in other cases leaders engage in imposing tariffs - a policy helps leaders to protect their producers and generate revenue. Such trade policies are not only limited to the benefits; however, they may incur costs too. As such, the imposition of trade policies affects the social welfare of all parties engaged in trade. Recently, we have seen that US-China engaged in a trade war where the United States has imposed tariff duties against China, and China responded with its tariffs on US products. This trade war has affected the social welfare one way or another. Such trade practices in the past have led scholars to address questions related to trade policies. Despite the work on trade policies, there is still a wide variety of questions yet to be answered regarding trade policies. This dissertation address three important questions related to international trade policies and their impact on social welfare. The first chapter is motivated by the observation of the quality difference between imported and local products in Pakistan. This chapter addresses the question of whether import-competing markets where foreign products are of high quality, are domestic firms doomed to produce low-quality products? What are policy options available to an importing country government that has the multiple objectives of maximizing consumer surplus, domestic profit and welfare, besides generating product quality reversal? Using a duopoly framework of vertical product differentiation, we analyze and compare three policy options: an import tariff, free trade, and a quality-upgrading R&D subsidy. We identify the conditions under which the quality-based R&D subsidy policy is a win-win-win strategy in that consumer surplus, domestic profit, and social welfare are all at their maximum levels, in addition to product quality reversal. The second chapter is motivated by the contemporary US-China trade war and its welfare implications. This paper analyzes differences in welfare implications between import tariffs and antidumping (AD) duties within a unified model of trade in quality-differentiated products under international duopoly. Specifically, the model allows for product quality choices by two competing firms located separately in a developed country (DC) and a less-developed country (LDC), where there is a different degree of international market competition. We show that dumping arises as an LDC firm sells a low-quality product that is "dumped" into the DC market. Compared to import tariffs, imposing AD duties (based on the dumping margin) by the DC government makes its firm better off. Whether DC consumers are better off and whether there is welfare improvement for DC are shown to depend on the degree of market competition. We further identify conditions under which a tariff policy is preferred over an AD policy (or the other way around) from the world perspective of welfare. The third paper investigates which types of firms (DC or LDC) tend to practice dumping, using a two-market equilibrium model of trade in "like" products with quality differentiation. Specifically, within the framework of duopolistic competition between a DC firm and an LDC firm, we show that the DC firm sells a high-quality product without practicing dumping. In contrast, the LDC firm sells a low-quality product that is dumped into the DC market at a price less than the price of the product in its LDC market. The imposition of antidumping duties by the DC government increases domestic welfare. It is welfare increasing to LDC when its exporting firm accepts a price-undertaking, rather than practicing dumping. From the perspective of world welfare, defined by aggregating the welfare of DC and LDC as trading partners, the trade damage measure of an antidumping policy is Pareto superior to free trade (under which dumping takes place) and price-undertakings.
Author: K. D. Raju
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041127801
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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The WTO Secretariat reports that during the period from 1995 to June 30, 2007 WTO members initiated 3097 anti-dumping investigations. Of these, 474 were put forward by India, which made it the largest user of this measure among WTO Members. The traditional argument of developing countries was that loopholes or absence of clear definitions in the anti-dumping rules have increased the possibility of abuses and discretionary practices against them. Now, many developing countries like India have become frequent users of this measure. For a better understanding of the various provisions of the WTO's Anti-dumping Agreement (ADA) a critical investigation of the resulting jurisprudence is a necessity. To that end, this timely work has a fivefold aim: and• To explore the jurisprudence that has emerged around the anti-dumping regime and how it affected developing countries; and• To assess how effectively and to what extent the WTO's Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) is able to analyze the violations of ADA provisions; and• To examine domestic compliance with DSB decisions; and• To study the Indian cases which come before the nation's Customs, Excise andamp; Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal, various High Courts and the Supreme Court of India; and and• To offer recommendations for the improvement of the anti-dumping regime from a developing country perspective.
Author: Douglas A. Irwin
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022639901X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 873
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A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs
Author: Graeme Baber
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 144386093X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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This book contains ten writings on different aspects of international law, each of them cross-referenced, in instances in which information in one is relevant to points made in another. The first essay considers the character of the subject, and its relation to other entities of relevance to it, such as its compatibility with national law and its relation to maritime law. The second one considers different types of legal instruments in settings of international law, and explains how to read a multilateral convention, using the Convention for the International Sale of Goods as an example. The third part discusses the characteristics of a state and the concept of recognition, the fourth reviews the various roles that institutions take in international law, concentrating in particular on major regional organisations, and the fifth explores the extent to which the World Trade Organisation and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade provide for developing countries. Essay Six summarises the framework for international labour law and investigates its contents and workings, then the seventh considers which countries predominate in the running of international institutions. The eighth paper explores how regional entities might co-operate with international institutions in the harmonisation of the law, and the ninth one investigates the place of negotiation as a method of international dispute resolution. Finally, the tenth essay considers the past, present and future of international law, and reviews especially the role of language.
Author: Richard E. Baldwin
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781907142239
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
The global financial crisis of 2008/9 is the Great Depression of the 21st century. For many though, the similarities stop at the Wall Street Crash as the current generation of policymakers have acted quickly to avoid the mistakes of the past. Yet the global crisis has made room for mistakes all of its own. While governments have apparently kept to their word on refraining from protectionist measures in the style of 1930s tariffs, there has been a disturbing rise in "murky protectionism." Seemingly benign, these crisis-linked policies are twisted to favour domestic firms, workers and investors. This book, first published as an eBook on VoxEU.org in March 2009, brings together leading trade policy practitioners and experts - including Australian Trade Minister Simon Crean and former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo. Initially its aim was to advise policymakers heading in to the G20 meeting in London, but since the threat of murky protectionism persists, so too do their warnings.
Author: Pradeep S. Mehta
Publisher: Cameron May
ISBN: 1874698694
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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