Epidemiology and Public Health Significance of Bovine Tuberculosis PDF Download
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Author: Fanta Desissa Gutema
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659623325
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Bovine tuberculosis is zoonotic, chronic infectious disease of cattle caused by intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium bovis characterized by progressive granulomatous lesions or tubercle in the lung tissues, lymph nodes and other organs. The disease has both economic and public healthy importance. The book contains introduction, literature review and case study. The introduction describes cause, source of infection, prevalence, public health importance and economic impact of Bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia. The literature review intended to provide an in depth information on the etiology, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, potential risk factors, geographical distribution, diagnostic modalities, prevention and control measures of Bovine tuberculosis both in animals and humans separately. Case study on assessment of the epidemiology and public health importance of Bovine Tuberculosis using comparative intradermal tuberculin test, post-mortem examinations, bacteriological analysis, molecular typing and questionnaire survey was included. The authors hoped the book would provide information on the epidemiology and public health significance of bovine tuberculosis to all stakeholders.
Author: Fanta Desissa Gutema
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659623325
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Bovine tuberculosis is zoonotic, chronic infectious disease of cattle caused by intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium bovis characterized by progressive granulomatous lesions or tubercle in the lung tissues, lymph nodes and other organs. The disease has both economic and public healthy importance. The book contains introduction, literature review and case study. The introduction describes cause, source of infection, prevalence, public health importance and economic impact of Bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia. The literature review intended to provide an in depth information on the etiology, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, potential risk factors, geographical distribution, diagnostic modalities, prevention and control measures of Bovine tuberculosis both in animals and humans separately. Case study on assessment of the epidemiology and public health importance of Bovine Tuberculosis using comparative intradermal tuberculin test, post-mortem examinations, bacteriological analysis, molecular typing and questionnaire survey was included. The authors hoped the book would provide information on the epidemiology and public health significance of bovine tuberculosis to all stakeholders.
Author: Julius Awah Ndukum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious neglected zoonosis of cattle that is prevalent but under-investigated in Cameroon, hence this study was designed to assess the epidemiology of bovine TB in cattle, risks for M. bovis infection in cattle and humans; and public health implications of zoonotic bovine TB in the highlands of Cameroon. A retrospective study of meat inspection records (1994 - 2010) was done to estimate the prevalence of TB lesions in slaughtered cattle in the North West region. The prevalence of bovine TB and anti-bovine TB antibodies in live cattle based on tuberculin skin tests (2 surveys) and immune-chromatographic assays respectively were carried out in the Western and Adamawa highlands of Cameroon. The performance of the tuberculin tests for bovine TB diagnosis in cattle using various tuberculin skin test cut-off points against the detection of anti- bovine TB antibodies (hypothesised risks of exposure) was compared. Suspected TB lesions from slaughtered cattle and infected human sputa were cultured on Lowentein - Jesen and Middlebrook 7H9 media to isolate mycobacteria agents for molecular genotyping using genomic deletion analysis and spoligotyping. Risk factors for exposure and transmission of zoonotic bovine TB infection of cattle and cattle professionals, and its public health significance were determined using structured questionnaires. Seventeen years of meat inspection record revealed that suspect TB lesions were identified in 599 of 129,165 slaughtered cattle at the Bamenda abattoir. The lungs and associated lymph nodes (over 60%) were the most affected tissues. Other results showed that the prevalence of anti-bovine TB antibodies in cattle in the study regions was 37.17%. Chi square statistics revealed that irrespective of the tuberculin test cut-off value (P48), strong associations existed between the detection of anti-bovine TB antibodies and disease status. A 95% confidence interval analysis of the comparative cervical tuberculin tests revealed that the prevalence rates were 4.67% - 7.15%,12.02% -15.67% and 20.56% - 24.98% at the ~ 4mm, ~ 3mm and ~ 2mm cut-off points, respectively. Overall, the best test performance was realised at ~ 3-mm, though the ~ 2-mm cut-off point predicted more positive reactors. Age, sex, breed and husbandry practices served as significant (P
Author: Andrew W. Byrne
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630528
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a significant zoonotic pathogen with a global distribution, and a considerable economic impact. It has a notoriously complex epidemiology, varying by affected region and often involving multiple-host species. Here we present an international collection of papers that address both national and international factors impacting on the control of bovine tuberculosis. We hope this Research Topic will provide a forum which may generate a greater understanding of the disease in a wider context, and inform future eradication efforts through the design of more effective interventions.
Author: Asseged B. Dibaba
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030186903
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
This book recounts the biology of M. bovis, followed by the status of bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) in African countries, primarily based on zoonotic and epidemiological field reports. Since the accumulation of data is valueless unless it led to practicable control measures, emphasis is put on locally adapted protocols for future control of the disease. In order to systematically evaluate the knowledge base of bTB, Epidemiologic Problem Oriented Approach (EPOA) methodology was used. The methodology is composed of two triads: i) the problem identification/characterization triad, which is mainly descriptive in nature, and ii) the problem management/solution/mitigation triad, which is mainly geared toward problem management/solution (see figure). The first triad comprises three pillars: i) agent ii) host, and iii) environment and the second one: i) therapeutics/treatment, ii) prevention/control, and iii) health maintenance/promotion. The two triads are linked together by the diagnostic procedure linkage. The systematic and detailed studies of the ‘Host-Agent-Environment’ interactions are the building blocks to the understanding of agent transmission pathways and disease spread. These may include data about the disease status of the country, the nature of the disease agent and its hosts, the modes of transmission, the wildlife reservoirs in nature, persistence of infection, and agent survival in animal products and the environment. The problem identification and characterization triad identifies these interactions. Once a problem has been identified and well understood, the next step is to minimize the risk of transmission and spread of a disease. This area, referred to as problem solution/management triad, consists of problem management alternatives that rely upon prevention/control, and health maintenance/promotion of the disease in livestock, wildlife, and humans with the emphasis on resource-poor, developing countries in Africa.
Author: Charles O. Thoen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118474287
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
Zoonotic Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bovis and Other Pathogenic Mycobacteria, Third Edition is a comprehensive review of the state of the art in the control and elimination of infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in animals and humans. This update to the most complete and current reference available on Mycobacterium bovis includes new coverage of the latest molecular techniques; more information on human infection and One Health; updates to the information on the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD), the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Tuberculosis Eradication Program; and coverage of additional African countries. The Third Edition upholds the book’s reputation as a truly global resource on M. bovis. Written by an international list of tuberculosis experts, chapters cover the status of tuberculosis in many regions throughout the world and deal with issues related to the detection, spread, and control of Mycobacterium bovis, as well as the economic impact of outbreaks. Zoonotic Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bovis and Other Pathogenic Mycobacteria offers valuable information for public health officials, medical doctors, state and federal regulatory veterinarians, veterinary practitioners, and animal caretakers.
Author: Fikre Zeru
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659772047
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
In today's human health records, Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most infectious zoonotic diseases. It is widely distributed, and remained as a notable drive for the death of millions of people throughout the world than any other bacterial disease ever today. Bovine Tuberculosis (BTB), caused by Mycobacterium Bovis, is a well-known zoonotic and economically important disease which represents a serious health threat for livestock, wildlife and humans. BTB aggravates the 'triple trouble' of HIV/AIDS and TB infection and malnutrition. More specifically, in Ethiopia, even if the extent of its transmission to human beings has been given less attention and not yet been well researched, this scientific work has plausibly found out that the significant arise in the incidence of extra-pulmonary TB, the high prevalence of TB in cattle, isolation of M. tuberculosis complex from animal tissue and milk, the lower awareness of cattle owners about the disease, close contact of cattle and human, the prevailing habit of consumption of raw milk and meat of the community, and increasing HIV epidemics suggests that the impact of M. bovis on human TB could be significant.
Author: Charles O. Thoen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470344156
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Written by tuberculosis specialists from around the world, Mycobacterium Bovis Infection in Animals and Humans, Second Edition remains the most comprehensive collection of timely information regarding Mycobacterium bovis in any single source. The chapters are organized for quick access to well-indexed topics, and extensive reference lists are included to aid infectious disease specialists, regulatory officials, diagnosticians, researchers or public health workers interested in M bovis. This international reference includes the most current information on mechanisms of virulence of tubercle bacilli and immunologic and biochemical responses of the host involved in resistance. The book includes information on the diagnosis and application of the latest molecular techniques in epidemiologic investigations. Included are chapters on the economic impact of outbreaks of M. bovis in alternate species on control programs in domestic animals. There are also contributions by representatives of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, PAHO of the World Health Organization, The Centers for Disease Control, and The University of Texas Health Center. This excellent reference is an invaluable aid to clinicians dealing directly with tuberculosis, as well as to government regulatory personnel, professional and graduate students, and instructors in basic and allied health sciences
Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1027
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Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author: M. J. Nicholson
Publisher: ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD)
ISBN: 9789290530688
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: Freddy Proano-Perez
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659384486
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
In Ecuador, as in other Latin American countries, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a major concern in the dairy cattle industry, with economic and public health importance. The increase of peri-urban dairy production associated with the absence of BTB control program in Ecuador are major risk factors in the context of tuberculosis. Furthermore, official data related to the disease are scarce and there is no national veterinary reference laboratory for mycobacteria in Ecuador. The present work was undertaken in this context. The main objectives were to provide data on the epidemiologic situation of BTB among dairy cattle in northern Ecuador, and to compare the performances of the standard diagnostic tools used to identify M. bovis. The data presented confirm the importance of BTB in dairy cattle in northern Ecuador and highlight the need for a national BTB control program. Ideally, this program should include (1) a reference laboratory for BTB and the training of qualified veterinarians; (2) mandatory skin testing and culling of reactors; (3) detailed post-mortem inspection with laboratory-based diagnosis with a trace-back system and (4) information campaigns in rural areas.
