Enhanced Phytoremediation of Salt-impacted Soils Using Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (pgpr) PDF Download
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Author: Shan Shan Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
Soil salinity is a widespread problem that limits crop yield throughout the world. The accumulation of soluble salts in the soil can inhibit plant growth by increasing the osmotic potential of interstitial water, inducing ion toxicity and nutrient imbalances in plants. Over the last decade, considerable effort has been put into developing economical and effective methods to reclaim these damaged soils. Phytoremediation is a technique that uses plants to extract, contain, immobilize and degrade contaminants in soil. The most common process for salt bioremediation is phytoextraction which uses plants to accumulate salt in the shoots, which is then removed by harvesting the foliage. As developing significant plant biomass in saline soils is an issue, a group of free-living rhizobacteria, called plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), can be applied to plant seeds to aid plant growth by alleviating salt stress. The principle objective of this research was to test the efficacy of PGPR in improving the growth of plants on salt-impacted soils through greenhouse and field studies. In this research, previously isolated PGPR strains of Pseudomonas putida UW3, Pseudomonas putida UW4, and Pseudomonas corrugata CMH3 were applied to barley (Hordeum valgare C.V. AC ranger), oats (Avena sativa C.V. CDC baler), tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum), and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea C.V. Inferno). PGPR effects on plant growth, membrane stability, and photosynthetic activity under salt stress were examined.
Author: Shan Shan Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
Soil salinity is a widespread problem that limits crop yield throughout the world. The accumulation of soluble salts in the soil can inhibit plant growth by increasing the osmotic potential of interstitial water, inducing ion toxicity and nutrient imbalances in plants. Over the last decade, considerable effort has been put into developing economical and effective methods to reclaim these damaged soils. Phytoremediation is a technique that uses plants to extract, contain, immobilize and degrade contaminants in soil. The most common process for salt bioremediation is phytoextraction which uses plants to accumulate salt in the shoots, which is then removed by harvesting the foliage. As developing significant plant biomass in saline soils is an issue, a group of free-living rhizobacteria, called plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), can be applied to plant seeds to aid plant growth by alleviating salt stress. The principle objective of this research was to test the efficacy of PGPR in improving the growth of plants on salt-impacted soils through greenhouse and field studies. In this research, previously isolated PGPR strains of Pseudomonas putida UW3, Pseudomonas putida UW4, and Pseudomonas corrugata CMH3 were applied to barley (Hordeum valgare C.V. AC ranger), oats (Avena sativa C.V. CDC baler), tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum), and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea C.V. Inferno). PGPR effects on plant growth, membrane stability, and photosynthetic activity under salt stress were examined.
Author: Greg MacNeill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
Soil salinity affects an estimated one billion hectares worldwide. Excess salinity inhibits plant growth, limiting crop production. This is caused by osmotic stress in saline soil, nutrient imbalance and specific ion toxicity. There have been many methods of remediation investigated, including excavation, soil washing and phytoremediation. Phytoremediation involves the growth of plants on impacted soils to degrade or sequester contaminants. The remediation of salts relies on the uptake of ions into plant biomass where the salt is sequestered and the biomass can then be harvested. This method removes the salt from the site and leaves the top soil in place, which aids in revegetation after site remediation is completed. Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves plant growth by lowering the levels of stress ethylene within the plant, thereby increasing the biomass available to sequester ions. The objectives of this research were to investigate the efficiency of phytoremediation of salt impacted soils in field remediation sites.
Author: Pei-Chun Chang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494436097
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
Upstream oil and gas production has caused soil salinity problems across western Canada. In this work we investigated the use of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices to enhance the efficiency and feasibility of phytoremediation of saline soils. This work involved laboratory and field research for three sites in south east Saskatchewan, Canada.
Author: Jolanta Gurska
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally conscious technology that utilizes plants to remediate a variety of contaminants from the soil. Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC), as a result of their widespread use are a common environmental problem in soils, and one where phytoremediation would be well suited as a solution. Phytoremediation of PHC proceeds mainly through microbial degradation in plant root zone (rhizosphere) and plant degradation of PHC. The high concentrations of PHC at many sites are an impediment to phytoremediation. The toxicity of PHC hinders plant growth and prohibits remediation. One way to overcome this decrease in plant growth is by employing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR are naturally present soil bacteria that influence plant growth through direct and indirect methods, and can ultimately act to reduce plant stress. If PHC toxicity could be overcome with the use of PGPR, phytoremediation may become a viable option for remediation of PHC contaminated sites. This study was divided into a field component and a laboratory component, both of which focused on different aspects of phytoremediation of PHC enhanced with PGPR. Previous studies have shown that PGPR-enhanced phytoremediation was successful in the greenhouse. As a result of this, long-term field studies of this system were initiated. Effectiveness was evaluated by assessing plant performance and remediation of PHC in the field. The long-term impact of PGPR on the resident microbial community was evaluated, to ensure there was no detriment to microbial diversity. Following success in the field, lab studies were performed to evaluate the effect of PGPR and PHC by examining both physiological and molecular changes in plants exposed to PHC where PGPR effects were demonstrated. When PGPR were used in field experiments to facilitate phytoremediation, PHC toxicity was alleviated, and this was evident through improved germination, increased plant growth, and improved photosynthetic performance of selected grass plant species. These findings were corroborated at two field sites, one with high and one with low levels of weathered PHC. Addition of PGPR consistently improved remediation at each site. When remediation of PHC was followed over a period of three years, it was found that despite increased plant growth and increased remediation with addition of PGPR, remediation slowed in the second and third year of growth; this was particularly evident at the site with low levels of PHC.
Author: Sanjay Arora
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319482572
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
This edited volume focuses on the characterization, reclamation, bioremediation, and phytoremediation of salt affected soils and waterlogged sodic soils. Innovative technologies in managing marginal salt affected lands merit immediate attention in the light of climate change and its impact on crop productivity and environment. The decision-making process related to reclamation and management of vast areas of salt affected soils encompasses consideration of economic viability, environmental sustainability, and social acceptability of different approaches. The chapters in this book highlight the significant environmental and social impacts of different ameliorative techniques used to manage salt affected soils. Readers will discover new knowledge on the distribution, reactions, changes in bio-chemical properties and microbial ecology of salt affected soils through case studies exploring Indian soils. The contributions presented by experts shed new light on techniques such as the restoration of degraded lands by growing halophyte plant species, diversification of crops and introduction of microbes for remediation of salt infested soils, and the use of fluorescent pseudomonads for enhancing crop yields.
Author: Haitang Jay Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: H. Zhong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 125
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Book Description
Salinity is one of the most severe environmental factors that limits global crop yield. Enhanced phytoremediation using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has proven to be an effective and environmentally responsible approach to remove salt from the surface soil and reclaim salt-impacted soil for crop production. PGPR enhanced phytoremediation systems (PEPS) were applied to two research sites, Cannington Manor North (CMN) and Cannington Manor South (CMS) in southern Saskatchewan. The sites were impacted by brine leakage during upstream oil and gas production. A salt mass balance study was performed based on data collected from these two sites. Both sites were planted in June. Soil samples were taken in June 2009 (beginning of the season), August (midseason) and October (end of the season). Soil salinity changes throughout the season were monitored by measuring soil electrical conductivity (EC). The average surface soil ECe decreased from 3.7 dS/m to 3.1 dS/m at CMN, and from 10.2 dS/m to 9.2 dS/m at CMS in 2009 season. Plant samples that were collected in August and October were analyzed for sodium and chloride concentrations. These values were then converted into predicted ECe changes for the soil to compare with the actual changes in soil ECe. Plant uptake of NaCl was calculated to account for 25.2% and 28.1% of the decrease in surface soil ECe at CMN and CMS, respectively. However, plant samples were washed prior to salt content analysis. A considerable amount of salt could have been lost during the washing process. Several plant samples from other salt-impacted sites in Saskatchewan and Alberta were selected to examine salt loss due to tissue washing. The salt ions lost by washing were determined to be 44.4% for Na+ and 63.8% for Cl-. After the adjustment of plant NaCl uptake data by the loss due to washing, plant accumulation of NaCl accounted for 59.9% of the decrease in surface soil ECe at CMN and 56.1% at CMS. When plant uptake of K+ and Ca2+ were also taken into consideration by a simulation study, the decrease in surface soil ECe that was caused by plant uptake of salt ions accounted for 107.5% at CMN and 117.5% at CMS. This indicated that plants can have a significant role in the remediation of salt-impacted soil. The effects of PGPR (Pseudomonas spp. UW4 and Pseudomonas corrugata CMH3) treatment on selected physiological indicators, such as proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), membrane leakage and photosynthesis, were examined on annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Plants were grown under three saline conditions: non-saline topsoil, non-saline topsoil spiked with NaCl to 10 dS/m, and high saline soil collected from a salt-impacted site diluted with non-saline topsoil to reach 10 dS/m.
Author: Abid A. Ansari
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319523813
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 511
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Book Description
This text details the plant-assisted remediation method, “phytoremediation”, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Many chapters highlight and compare the efficiency and economic advantages of phytoremediation to currently practiced soil and water treatment practices. Volume 5 of Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants provides the capstone of the series. Taken together, the five volumes provide a broad–based global synopsis of the current applications of phytoremediation using plants and the microbial communities associated with their roots to decontaminate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Author: Nicole Knezevich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
There are over 30,000 contaminated brownfield sites in Canada, many of which are located in desirable urban areas; and therefore have a high value for potential redevelopment. The remediation of urban brownfield sites presents a challenge as they frequently contain very complex mixtures of contaminants. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective technology that uses plants to remediate a range of contaminants from the soil. However, the capabilities of currently used phytoremediation systems are often limited due to poor bioavailability of the contaminants, growth inhibition caused by poor soil quality, and the presence of contaminant mixtures. One way to enhance phytoremediation systems is the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), naturally present soil bacteria that are able to directly and indirectly influence plant growth and reduce the production of stress ethylene in plants. PGPR enhanced phytoremediation systems (PEPS) have been successfully used to remediate rural sites; however, they have not yet been applied to urban brownfields. In this study a two year field trial was conducted on an urban brownfield site in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to evaluate the ability of PEPS to enhance plant growth and remediate petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) on a mixed contaminant site. The effectiveness of PEPS was evaluated through plant biomass production and PHC remediation. Based on germination rates and biomass production in the field, sunflowers (Helianthus annuus var Mammoth Russian) were recommended for PEPS on urban brownfields. PGPR did not have a consistent effect on plant biomass production during the field trials. The impact of PGPR on the native microbial community was evaluated to ensure there were no adverse effects. Bacterial numbers in the rhizosphere of all planted treatments increased throughout the second field season. The plant species utilized, rather than the PGPR treatment, had the largest impact on the microbial community. A significant decrease in the PHC concentrations was observed during the second field season in planted plots treated with PGPR, with an average percent remediation of 25 percent (%). Therefore, based on the results of the two year field trial, PEPS shows promise as an effective remediation technique for urban brownfield remediation. Concerns were raised that the developed fine- and coarse-grained Ecological Tier 1 Canada-wide standards (CWS) for PHC fraction 3 (F3) based on freshly spiked soils are overly conservative and may result in unnecessary and costly remediation. Although the PHC CWS were revised using more recent toxicological data from field studies, the applicability of the current guidelines to sites with historical PHC contamination warrants further investigation as studies with a limited number of PHC concentrations and a ranked response approach were relied upon to derive the current PHC CWS for F3. In this study, plant toxicity tests were conducted to examine the toxicity of weathered PHC (mostly F3) in a coarse-grained soil to derive direct soil contact values for ecological receptors. Coarse grained field and reference soils were obtained from a landfarm site where PHC sludge had been spread for approximately 35 years. Toxicity tests using plants were conducted following standardized test protocols developed by Environment Canada. Endpoint effective concentrations (EC)/and inhibitory concentrations (IC) 25% were calculated to derive soil standards for F3 in coarse-grained soil protective of plants exposed through direct contact with soil. The proposed guideline values derived for the weathered F3 of 659 and 1,961 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), respectively, for agricultural/residential and industrial land use are higher than the current ecological Tier 1 CWS for F3 in coarse-grained soil (300 mg/kg for agricultural/residential land use and 1,700 mg/kg for commercial/industrial land use) and support the derivation of remediation targets higher than the current guideline. Additional studies with a more sensitive test species (i.e., earthworms) and a wider range of PHC concentrations are recommended to confirm this conclusion.
Author: Manoj Kumar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811383359
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 253
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Book Description
This book discusses the role of salt in current agricultural approaches, including the low salt tolerance of agricultural crops and trees, impact of saline soils, and salt-resistant plants. Halophytes are extremely salt tolerant plants, which are able to grow and survive under salt at concentrations as high as 5 g/l by maintaining negative water potential. The salt-tolerant microbes inhabiting the rhizospheres of halophytes may contribute to their salt tolerance, and the rhizospheres of halophytic plants provide an ideal opportunity for isolating various groups of salt-tolerant microbes that could enhance the growth of different crops under salinity stress. The book offers an overview of salt-tolerant microbes' ability to increase plant tolerance to salt to facilitate plant growth, the potential of the halophytes’ rhizospheres as a reservoir of beneficial salt-tolerant microbes, their future application as bio-inoculants in agriculture and a valuable resource for an alternative way of improving crop tolerance to salinity and promoting saline soil-based agriculture. This special collection of reviews highlights some of the recent advances in applied aspects of plant (halophytes)-microbe interactions and their contribution towards eco-friendly approaches saline soil-based agriculture.
