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Author: Ekaterina Nagnibeda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642013902
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
In the present monograph, we develop the kinetic theory of transport phenomena and relaxation processes in the flows of reacting gas mixtures and discuss its applications to strongly non-equilibrium conditions. The main attention is focused on the influence of non-equilibrium kinetics on gas dynamics and transport properties. Closed systems of fluid dynamic equations are derived from the kinetic equations in different approaches. We consider the most accurate approach taking into account the state-to-state kinetics in a flow, as well as simplified multi-temperature and one-temperature models based on quasi-stationary distributions. Within these approaches, we propose the algorithms for the calculation of the transport coefficients and rate coefficients of chemical reactions and energy exchanges in non-equilibrium flows; the developed techniques are based on the fundamental kinetic theory principles. The theory is applied to the modeling of non-equilibrium flows behind strong shock waves, in the boundary layer, and in nozzles. The comparison of the results obtained within the frame of different approaches is presented, the advantages of the new state-to-state kinetic model are discussed, and the limits of validity for simplified models are established. The book can be interesting for scientists and graduate students working on physical gas dynamics, aerothermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, non-equilibrium physical-chemical kinetics, and kinetic theory of gases.
Author: Ekaterina Nagnibeda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642013902
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 255
Get Book Here
Book Description
In the present monograph, we develop the kinetic theory of transport phenomena and relaxation processes in the flows of reacting gas mixtures and discuss its applications to strongly non-equilibrium conditions. The main attention is focused on the influence of non-equilibrium kinetics on gas dynamics and transport properties. Closed systems of fluid dynamic equations are derived from the kinetic equations in different approaches. We consider the most accurate approach taking into account the state-to-state kinetics in a flow, as well as simplified multi-temperature and one-temperature models based on quasi-stationary distributions. Within these approaches, we propose the algorithms for the calculation of the transport coefficients and rate coefficients of chemical reactions and energy exchanges in non-equilibrium flows; the developed techniques are based on the fundamental kinetic theory principles. The theory is applied to the modeling of non-equilibrium flows behind strong shock waves, in the boundary layer, and in nozzles. The comparison of the results obtained within the frame of different approaches is presented, the advantages of the new state-to-state kinetic model are discussed, and the limits of validity for simplified models are established. The book can be interesting for scientists and graduate students working on physical gas dynamics, aerothermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, non-equilibrium physical-chemical kinetics, and kinetic theory of gases.
Author: Zakari Eckert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy transfer
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
The first part of the dissertation focuses on kinetic modeling of non-equilibrium reacting gas flows excited by nanosecond pulse discharges used for experimental studies of plasma assisted combustion kinetics. The present work provides detailed quantitative insight into kinetics of plasma assisted fuel oxidation processes, including generation of excited species by electron impact, dissociation of molecules during collisional quenching of excited species, formation of stable fuel oxidation products, and coupling between vibrational energy relaxation and chemical reaction kinetics in hydrogen-air, hydrogen-oxygen-argon, and hydrocarbon-oxygen-argon mixtures excited by nanosecond pulse discharges. The focus of the second half of the dissertation is on feasibility analysis of a new chemical carbon monoxide laser. Detailed insight is obtained into kinetics of state-specific vibrational energy transfer in non-equilibrium mixtures of CO, N2, and O2, vibrationally excited by an RF discharge and by a chemical reaction between atomic carbon vapor and molecular oxygen, to produce laser gain and laser action in a supersonic flow.
Author: Raymond Brun
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191567817
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
In high energy gas flows, at high velocities and high temperatures, physical and chemical processes such as molecular vibrational excitation, dissociation, ionisation or various reactions take place and deeply influence the structure of the flows. The characteristic times of these processes have the same order of magnitude as aerodynamic characteristic times, so that these reactive media are generally in thermodynamic and chemical non-equilibrium. This book presents a general introductory study of these media. In the first part their fundamental statistical aspects are described, starting from their discrete structure and taking into account the interactions between elementary particles: transport phenomena, relaxation and kinetics as well as their coupling are analysed and illustrated by many examples. The second part deals with the macroscopic re-entry bodies. Finally, the experimental aspects of these flows, their simulations in shock tubes and shock tunnels are described, as well as their application, particularly in the aerospatial domain. This book is intended for students that have acquired a basic knowledge in thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid mechanics. It will also be of interest to engineers in research and industry, in particular in the aerospace industry, and more generally to all researchers trying to simulate and calculate complex reactive flows.
Author: Ekaterina A. Nagnibeda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 252
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Book Description
Author: Ching Shen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540272305
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
Aerodynamics is a science engaged in the investigation of the motion of air and other gases and their interaction with bodies, and is one of the most important bases of the aeronautic and astronautic techniques. The continuous improvement of the configurations of the airplanes and the space vehicles aid the constant enhancement of their performances are closely related with the development of the aerodynamics. In the design of new flying vehicles the aerodynamics will play more and more important role. The undertakings of aeronautics and astronautics in our country have gained achievements of world interest, the aerodynamics community has made outstanding contributions for the development of these undertakings and the science of aerodynamics. To promote further the development of the aerodynamics, meet the challenge in the new century, summary the experience, cultivate the professional personnel and to serve better the cause of aeronautics and astronautics and the national economy, the present Series of Modern Aerodynamics is organized and published.
Author: Daniil Andrienko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerospace engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
A multi-physical approach is developed for non-equilibrium high enthalpy flows to cover a wide range of interdisciplinary studies. Compressible Navier-Stokes equations are coupled with the chemical model and equation of energy conservation for internal degrees of freedom. The model is capable of accounting for the non-equilibrium dissociation and thermal radiation heat transfer in gas flows. The methodology covers a range of problems from the combustion in subsonic counter-flowing jets to the hypersonic re-entry flows. The present approach attempts to validate the finite rate chemistry mechanisms by modeling the diffusive non-premixed flame of hydrogen at a very low Mach number. The comparison with the artificial compressibility method provides some insights into the compressible Navier-Stokes equations when applied to the flow with nearly constant pressure. High Mach number flow is assessed by a TVD flux splitting scheme applied to model the re-entry of RAM-C II probe. The chemical composition of the air plasma is validated against available experimental and theoretical data. The uncertainty in electron concentration, measured by microwave reflectometers and a Langmuir probe, is examined in the light of chemical reactions, multi-temperature models, boundary conditions and a vibrational-dissociation coupling model. The heating rates are reported on a wide range of trajectory points. A novel approach is used to improve the accuracy of the radiation transfer model based on the ray tracing method by introducing Gauss-Lobatto quadrature and space partition algorithms to the nearest neighbor search. The accuracy of the method is analyzed for hypersonic flows and for laser-supported combustion waves. The approach revealed an increased efficiency of two orders of magnitude when solving the radiation transfer energy along the line of sight. Finally, the concept of the view factor is applied to assess the radiation transfer in high temperature absorbing gas flows. This concept was verified against the ray tracing method and demonstrated several important advantages. The semi-analytical solution for the radiation flux density in axisymmetric geometry is obtained in terms of elliptic integrals. The cost of the radiation transfer model based on the view factor approach in weakly absorbing media is comparable with the cost of the tangent slab approximation and achieves the asymptotic accuracy of the ray tracing method.
Author: Chris Shih
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 518
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Book Description
Author: Michael Bestehorn
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110794195
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Transport and diffusion processes are central in numerous scientific and technical applications. Prominent examples are the temperature distribution in continuous media, the flow of liquids or gases, the dynamics of reaction-diffusion systems, or the concentration distributions in mixtures. The theoretical and numerical description of these systems is based on partial differential equations. The theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics provides a frame to derive these equations from basic conservation laws and first principles. The first part of the textbook discusses the concept of equilibrium thermodynamics and its generalization to systems in local equilibrium. Thermodynamic fluxes are defined and caused by generalized forces. Finally, linear relations, the Onsager relations, between fluxes and forces allow for a closed description. In this way, conservation equations for mass (continuity), momentum (Euler or Navier-Stokes), and energy (temperature) are derived and solved analytically or numerically for several examples. The second part is based on the kinetic gas theory describing a classical many particle system. At the example of a perfect gas the conservation equations derived phenomenologically in the first part are thereby put on statistical grounds. The textbook addresses advanced Bachelor or Master students of physics, mechanical engineering and applied mathematics.
Author: Iain D. Boyd
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316871371
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
This current and comprehensive book provides an updated treatment of molecular gas dynamics topics for aerospace engineers, or anyone researching high-temperature gas flows for hypersonic vehicles and propulsion systems. It demonstrates how the areas of quantum mechanics, kinetic theory, and statistical mechanics can combine in order to facilitate the study of nonequilibrium processes of internal energy relaxation and chemistry. All of these theoretical ideas are used to explain the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, a numerical technique based on molecular simulation. Because this text provides comprehensive coverage of the physical models available for use in the DSMC method, in addition to the equations and algorithms required to implement the DSMC numerical method, readers will learn to solve nonequilibrium flow problems and perform computer simulations, and obtain a more complete understanding of various physical modeling options for DSMC than is available in other texts.
Author: M. Capitelli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400902670
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 798
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Book Description
Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows bridges the gap between the fluid dynamics and molecular physics communities, emphasizing the role played by elementary processes in hypersonic flows. In particular, the work is primarily dedicated to filling the gap between microscopic and macroscopic treatments of the source terms to be inserted in the fluid dynamics codes. The first part of the book describes the molecular dynamics of elementary processes both in the gas phase and in the interaction with surfaces by using quantum mechanical and phenomenological approaches. A second group of contributions describes thermodynamics and transport properties of air components, with special attention to the transport of internal energy. A series of papers is devoted to the experimental and theoretical study of the flow of partially ionized gases. Subsequent contributions treat modern computational techniques for 3-D hypersonic flow. Non-equilibrium vibrational kinetics are then described, together with the coupling of vibration-dissociation processes as they affect hypersonic flows. Special emphasis is given to the interfacing of non-equilibrium models with computational fluid dynamics methods. Finally, the last part of the book deals with the application of direct Monte Carlo methods in describing rarefied flows.
