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Author: Michel Félétou
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Author: Michel Félétou
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Author: Protasio L. Da Luz
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128125519
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 760
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Book Description
Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases: Vascular Biology and Clinical Syndromes provides an in-depth examination of the role of endothelium and endothelial dysfunction in normal vascular function, and in a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes, from atherosclerosis, to cognitive disturbances and eclampsia. The endothelium is a major participant in the pathophysiology of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypertension, and these entities are responsible for the largest part of cardiovascular mortality and morbidly. Over the last decade major new discoveries and concepts involving the endothelium have come to light. This important reference collects this data in an easy to reference resource. Written by known experts, and covering all aspects of endothelial function in health and disease, this reference represents an assembly of recent knowledge that is essential to both basic investigators and clinicians. - Provides a complete overview of endothelial function in health and diseases, along with an assessment of new information - Includes coverage of groundbreaking areas, including the artificial LDL particle, the development of a new anti-erectile dysfunction agent, a vaccine for atherosclerosis, coronary calcification associated with red wine, and the interplay of endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress - Explores the genetic features of endothelium and the interaction between basic knowledge and clinical syndromes
Author: Sarah Y. Yuan
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615041214
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood–tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care.
Author: Patrick J Vallance
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203304950
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Endothelial dysfunction is now regarded as an early marker of vascular disease and therefore an important target for therapeutic intervention and discovery of novel treatments. Ideal for both basic and clinical scientists, whether in industry or academia, and physicians, Vascular Endothelium in Human Physiology and Pathophysiology provides an up-to-date review of the vascular functions of the endothelium and its role in key areas of cardiovascular disease. It focuses on evidence from studies in humans.
Author: Eric A. Jaffe
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146132825X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 471
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Book Description
The participation of endothelial cells in various physiologic and pathologic processes has been hypothesized since before the turn of the century. However, until recently, direct evidence for endothelial involvement in these processes has been extremely difficult to obtain due to the inability to study endothelial cell function in vitro. Though the possibility of using cultured endothelial cells to study endothelial cell function in vitro was recognized many years ago, the inability to culture unambiguously identifiable endothelial cells limited investigators in their studies of endothelial function. As a result, the field of endothelial cell biology lay relatively fallow for many years. The development in the early 1970's of routine and easily implemented methods for culturing human endothelial cells and the demonstration that cultured endothelial cells synthesized a physiologically relevant protein, Factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor, quickly changed this state of affairs. Over the following decade the scope of endothelial cell research rapidly widened, spreading in a number of directions. First, methods were developed to culture endothelial cells from a variety of species. Second, methods were developed to culture endothelial cells from different organs and types of blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) within a single species. Third, and most important, investigators began using cultured endothelial cells as tools to study the potential involvement of endothelial cells in a wide assortment of biologically interesting processes. The net result has been a tremendous increase in our understanding of endothelial cell function.
Author: Thomas F. Luscher
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000083314
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
First published in 1990: The Endothelium: Modulator of Cardiovascular Function takes a comprehensive look at the role of the endothelium in cardiovascular control in health and disease. Experts offer detailed reviews on specific topics that address these roles of the endothelium: diffusion barrier, blood-brain barrier, regulator of capillary permeability, metabolic function (uptake and enzymatic destruction), conversion of vasoactive products, production of prostanoids, production and release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, production of endothelium-derived contracting factors, production of coagulation factors, production of fibrinolytic factors, reticulo-endothelial function, role in atherosclerosis, and changes in function with aging and disease. This overview provides the reader with an update on the role of one of the most fascinating cells in cardiovascular biology. It focuses on the multiple functions of those cells and offers the first attempt to draw a parallel between these functions. Anyone studying the fields of physiology and pharmacology will benefit from this "must have" reference resource.
Author: Ayse Basak Engin
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466582804
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
The function and life span of endothelial cells have a large impact upon the quality and expectancy of an individual's life. During low perfusion, the adaptation of different cells to hypoxia precipitate the aggressive progression of diseases. Although the clinical studies have convincingly shown that endothelial dysfunction occurs whenever the bio
Author: Tzung K. Hsiai
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814280410
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
The book represents a paradigm shift from the traditional static model of investigation of oxidative biology to the dynamic model of vascular oxidative stress. The investigation of vascular biology and cardiovascular medicine is made possible by the use of tissue engineering, nanotechnology and stem cell research. This is the first textbook to target a wide readership from academia to industry and government agencies in the field of cardiovascular diseases.
Author: David Chambers
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108463991
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
Easily understood, up-to-date and clinically relevant, this book provides junior anaesthetists with an essential physiology resource.
Author: John D. Catravas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461537363
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
This monograph contains the proceedings from the Advanced Study Institute on "Vascular Endothelium: Physiological Basis of Clinical Problems" which took place in Corfu, Greece in June 1990. The meeting consisted of twenty-eight lectures, most of them adapted as full length papers in this volume, as well as numerous short oral and poster communications which are abstracted and also included in alphabetical order (pages 239-302). There were ninety-six participants from ten NATO and four other European countries. The meeting was the second in as many years dealing with a specific subject in Endothelial Cell biology. Following the 1988 discussion on "Receptors and Transduction Mechanisms", the present ASI recognized and tried to deal with the increasing overlap in interest between basic scientists studying endothelial cell functions and clinicians facing problems of known or suspected endothelial pathological involvement. As with any similar effort, we opted to be selective, rather than fail by trying to be inclusive, in the subjects covered. We chose to discuss diseases, such as atherosclerosis, sepsis, ARDS and stroke, based on their relevance to endothelial cell function and urgent need for new insights into their pathogenesis and treatment. Similarly, we examined endothelial cell functions by considering their relevance to disease and their potential for elucidating important pathologies. Obviously, some areas were covered superficially or not at all; this should not distract from their importance, but rather reflect on the constraints of time and -not at all negligibly -the bias of the organizing committee.
