Empirical Approaches to the Problem, of Aggregation Over Individuals (Classic Reprint) PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Empirical Approaches to the Problem, of Aggregation Over Individuals (Classic Reprint) PDF full book. Access full book title Empirical Approaches to the Problem, of Aggregation Over Individuals (Classic Reprint) by Thomas M. Stoker. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Thomas M. Stoker
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780364825167
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Get Book Here
Book Description
Excerpt from Empirical Approaches to the Problem, of Aggregation Over Individuals The presence of these kinds of differences have one strong implication for aggregate economic activity. Namely, it matters how many households are large or small, how many are elderly and young, and how many companies are capital-intensive or labor-intensive. Such heterogeneity of concerns and reactions are an essential feature of the overall welfare impacts of changes in food prices, the overall impacts of interest rates on savings, or the impact of an investment tax credit. It is difficult to conceive of an important question of economic policy that does not have a distributional component, or a differential impact on economic players. It is likewise hard to envision how the impacts of relative price changes or of real income growth could be adequately summarized over time without some attention to the composition of the economy. Concerns over the issues raised by compositional heterogeneity of data on groups, such as data on economy-wide aggregates over time, are summarized under the heading of the problem of aggregation over individuals. Over the past decade, various approaches have been developed to account for compositional heterogeneity in empirical modeling of aggregate data, and the purpose of this survey is to discuss this work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Thomas M. Stoker
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780364825167
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Get Book Here
Book Description
Excerpt from Empirical Approaches to the Problem, of Aggregation Over Individuals The presence of these kinds of differences have one strong implication for aggregate economic activity. Namely, it matters how many households are large or small, how many are elderly and young, and how many companies are capital-intensive or labor-intensive. Such heterogeneity of concerns and reactions are an essential feature of the overall welfare impacts of changes in food prices, the overall impacts of interest rates on savings, or the impact of an investment tax credit. It is difficult to conceive of an important question of economic policy that does not have a distributional component, or a differential impact on economic players. It is likewise hard to envision how the impacts of relative price changes or of real income growth could be adequately summarized over time without some attention to the composition of the economy. Concerns over the issues raised by compositional heterogeneity of data on groups, such as data on economy-wide aggregates over time, are summarized under the heading of the problem of aggregation over individuals. Over the past decade, various approaches have been developed to account for compositional heterogeneity in empirical modeling of aggregate data, and the purpose of this survey is to discuss this work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Thomas M Stoker
Publisher: Palala Press
ISBN: 9781341604935
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Get Book Here
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: THOMAS M. STOKER
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781033616079
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: John Heaton
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780666260086
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 80
Get Book Here
Book Description
Excerpt from The Interaction Between Time-Nonseparable Preferences and Time Aggregation There has been an extensive amount of work examining whether or not aggregate consumption. Expenditures are consistent 'with. The restrictions implied. By the permanent income hypothesis and consumption-based asset-pricing models. Often these studies find that the theory does not fit the datal. Because of these poor empirical results, many other studies relax some of the auxiliary assumptions made in previous studies. A closer examination of the assumption that the decision interval of economic agents matches the interval of data collection caused some authors to replace it with the assumption that the interval between data observations is larger than the actual decision interval. The result is a temporal aggregation problem that can often. Be allowed for in estimation and inference. For example. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Arnold Zellner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: James H. Hines Jr.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781332252572
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Get Book Here
Book Description
Excerpt from A Behavioral Theory of Interest Rate Formation This paper developes and marshals empirical support for a theory of the nominal, short-term, risk-free interest rate. Unlike most approaches to the problem, the formulation presented here does not assume equality of supply and demand for securities. Rather, the formulation is a mechanism which would help to bring supply and demand into balance in a larger macroeconomic model. Empirical support is offered at two levels of aggregation: Empirical studies of individual human decision making are used to suggest an appropriate structure; the structure is then estimated using macro-economic data. In the proposed formulation the risk free interest rate moves in response to liquidity pressures experienced principally by intermediaries. Liquidity pressures cause movements in the interest rate relative to the "underlying interest rate," a construct which represents the interest rate environment to which people have become accustomed. The formulation has grown from work on the M. I. T. System Dynamics National Model (for a description of the modeling project see Forrester 1984 and 1979). The National Model is a simulation model of an industrial economy. It possesses two production sectors, a household sector, a financial sector, and a government sector. The Model is intended to aid in understanding the major behavior modes of industrialized economies including the business cycle, the Kuznets cycle, the economic long wave, inflation and deflation, and economic growth. (For discussion of the several major economic behavior modes see Schumpeter 1944; Volker 1978; and Forrester 1976, 1982). In some respects the National Model represents a departure from prior economic modeling. The nature of this departure gives rise to the need for a new interest rate formulation. Three characteristics are particularly important in this regard. First, the National Model does not permit exogenous time-dependent inputs; consequently, exogenous interest rates could not be used as explanatory variables in the interest rate formulation. Using exogneous interest rates begs the question of how interest rates are formed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Michael T. Hannan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mathematical sociology
Languages : en
Pages : 40
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Ekkehart Schlicht
Publisher: Ekkehart Schlicht
ISBN: 0387152547
Category : Macroeconomics
Languages : en
Pages : 128
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: H. Theil
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 527
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Gary King
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400849209
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book provides a solution to the ecological inference problem, which has plagued users of statistical methods for over seventy-five years: How can researchers reliably infer individual-level behavior from aggregate (ecological) data? In political science, this question arises when individual-level surveys are unavailable (for instance, local or comparative electoral politics), unreliable (racial politics), insufficient (political geography), or infeasible (political history). This ecological inference problem also confronts researchers in numerous areas of major significance in public policy, and other academic disciplines, ranging from epidemiology and marketing to sociology and quantitative history. Although many have attempted to make such cross-level inferences, scholars agree that all existing methods yield very inaccurate conclusions about the world. In this volume, Gary King lays out a unique--and reliable--solution to this venerable problem. King begins with a qualitative overview, readable even by those without a statistical background. He then unifies the apparently diverse findings in the methodological literature, so that only one aggregation problem remains to be solved. He then presents his solution, as well as empirical evaluations of the solution that include over 16,000 comparisons of his estimates from real aggregate data to the known individual-level answer. The method works in practice. King's solution to the ecological inference problem will enable empirical researchers to investigate substantive questions that have heretofore proved unanswerable, and move forward fields of inquiry in which progress has been stifled by this problem.
