Empirical Approaches to the Problem, of Aggregation Over Individuals (Classic Reprint) PDF Download
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Author: Thomas M. Stoker
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780364825167
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Excerpt from Empirical Approaches to the Problem, of Aggregation Over Individuals The presence of these kinds of differences have one strong implication for aggregate economic activity. Namely, it matters how many households are large or small, how many are elderly and young, and how many companies are capital-intensive or labor-intensive. Such heterogeneity of concerns and reactions are an essential feature of the overall welfare impacts of changes in food prices, the overall impacts of interest rates on savings, or the impact of an investment tax credit. It is difficult to conceive of an important question of economic policy that does not have a distributional component, or a differential impact on economic players. It is likewise hard to envision how the impacts of relative price changes or of real income growth could be adequately summarized over time without some attention to the composition of the economy. Concerns over the issues raised by compositional heterogeneity of data on groups, such as data on economy-wide aggregates over time, are summarized under the heading of the problem of aggregation over individuals. Over the past decade, various approaches have been developed to account for compositional heterogeneity in empirical modeling of aggregate data, and the purpose of this survey is to discuss this work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Thomas M. Stoker
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780364825167
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Get Book Here
Book Description
Excerpt from Empirical Approaches to the Problem, of Aggregation Over Individuals The presence of these kinds of differences have one strong implication for aggregate economic activity. Namely, it matters how many households are large or small, how many are elderly and young, and how many companies are capital-intensive or labor-intensive. Such heterogeneity of concerns and reactions are an essential feature of the overall welfare impacts of changes in food prices, the overall impacts of interest rates on savings, or the impact of an investment tax credit. It is difficult to conceive of an important question of economic policy that does not have a distributional component, or a differential impact on economic players. It is likewise hard to envision how the impacts of relative price changes or of real income growth could be adequately summarized over time without some attention to the composition of the economy. Concerns over the issues raised by compositional heterogeneity of data on groups, such as data on economy-wide aggregates over time, are summarized under the heading of the problem of aggregation over individuals. Over the past decade, various approaches have been developed to account for compositional heterogeneity in empirical modeling of aggregate data, and the purpose of this survey is to discuss this work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: THOMAS M. STOKER
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781033616079
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Thomas M Stoker
Publisher: Palala Press
ISBN: 9781341604935
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Federico Perali
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475737297
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
The motive force of human activity that propels the stream of progress is here caught at its source, in its most modest, material expressions. The mechanism of the passions acting as determinant in these low spheres is less complex and can therefore be observed with greater precision. All one need do is leave the picture its clear, calm colors and its simple design. Gradually, as that search for material well-being by which man is tormented grows and expand, it also tends to rise and pursue an ascendant course thorough the social classes. In 'I Malavoglia' it is still only the struggle for material needs. Once these needs are satisfied, the search turns into greed for riches and will be embedded in a bourgeois type . . . Giovanni Verga, from the Introduction to The House by the Medlar Tree (I Malavoglia) Motivation In the past decade, many less developed countries have undertaken structural adjustment programs with the hope of breaking the vicious circle of the depression that enveloped them during the 1980s and of loosening the suffocating grip of the debt crisis. Nearly always, macroeconomic stabilization implies a reduction of public spending and, consequently, a reduction of subsidies on wage goods and food production. Other macro policies, such as tariff elimination and exchange rates alignment, alter relative prices and may have significant effects on the level and distribution of income. Today, poverty and inequality are perceived as economic threats as a result of globalization and unbalanced market expansion.
Author: Steven Durlauf
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230280838
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
Specially selected from The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 2nd edition, each article within this compendium covers the fundamental themes within the discipline and is written by a leading practitioner in the field. A handy reference tool.
Author: Per-Olov Johansson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521478786
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
A major problem in health economics is how to give a value to changes in health. This is the first book to examine all the money measures that are used in such evaluations. Changes in health might be caused by medical treatments, by public safety programmes and by anti-pollution programmes, and the cost-benefit analysis of such programmes involves the use of money measures. The author defines the properties of these money measures, examining them in both a certain and a risky world. He evaluates available empirical approaches for the assessment of the value of health changes, and considers measures such as quality-adjusted life years (qalys) and healthy-years equivalents (hyes). This book raises the important question of whether we are willing to pay the costs for our health care system. It will be of interest to advanced students of health economics and related disciplines, and will also be useful for professionals working on projects that affect human health.
Author: Masanao Aoki
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521637695
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
This book provides a method for modeling large collections of heterogeneous agents subject to non-pairwise externality called field effects.
Author: David L. Edgerton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792341062
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
This book contains some of the results from the research project "Demand for Food in the Nordic Countries", which was initiated in 1988 by Professor Olof Bolin of the Agricultural University in Ultuna, Sweden and by Professor Karl Iohan Weckman, of the University of Helsinki, Finland. A pilot study was carried out by Bengt Assarsson, which in 1989 led to a successful application for a research grant from the NKJ (The Nordic Contact Body for Agricultural Research) through the national research councils for agricultural research in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. We are very grateful to Olof Bolin and Karl Iohan Weckman, without whom this project would not have come about, and to the national research councils in the Nordic countries for the generous financial support we have received for this project. We have received comments and suggestions from many colleagues, and this has improved our work substantially. At the start of the project a reference group was formed, consisting of Professor Olof Bolin, Professor Anders Klevmarken, Agr. lie. Gert Aage Nielsen, Professor Karl Iohan Weckman and Cando oecon. Per Halvor Vale. Gert Aage Nielsen left the group early in the project for a position in Landbanken, and was replaced by Professor Lars Otto, while Per Halvor Vale soon joined the research staff. The reference group has given us useful suggestions and encouraged us in our work. Weare very grateful to them.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264181202
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
This study assesses economic developments and policies during the inaugural year of Europe's single currency regime. It analyses the economic performance and prospects of the euro area as a whole, and highlights to what extent aggregate trends are shaped by convergence or divergence.
Author: Erik Biørn
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198753446
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
Panel data is a data type increasingly used in research in economics, social sciences, and medicine. Its primary characteristic is that the data variation goes jointly over space (across individuals, firms, countries, etc.) and time (over years, months, etc.). Panel data allow examination of problems that cannot be handled by cross-section data or time-series data. Panel data analysis is a core field in modern econometrics and multivariate statistics, and studies based on such data occupy a growing part of the field in many other disciplines. The book is intended as a text for master and advanced undergraduate courses. It may also be useful for PhD-students writing theses in empirical and applied economics and readers conducting empirical work on their own. The book attempts to take the reader gradually from simple models and methods in scalar (simple vector) notation to more complex models in matrix notation. A distinctive feature is that more attention is given to unbalanced panel data, the measurement error problem, random coefficient approaches, the interface between panel data and aggregation, and the interface between unbalanced panels and truncated and censored data sets. The 12 chapters are intended to be largely self-contained, although there is also natural progression. Most of the chapters contain commented examples based on genuine data, mainly taken from panel data applications to economics. Although the book, inter alia, through its use of examples, is aimed primarily at students of economics and econometrics, it may also be useful for readers in social sciences, psychology, and medicine, provided they have a sufficient background in statistics, notably basic regression analysis and elementary linear algebra.
