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Author: Vrinda Kadiyali
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Researchers have recently developed models for determining which market conduct best describes observed data. We apply these techniques from the "new empirical industrial organization" literature to the competitive product line pricing decision, where a firm strategically prices its brands when determining the profit-maximizing conduct in the market. Demand, cost, and market structure are estimated endogenously. Empirical results from analyzing price competition in the laundry detergent market between Procter and Gamble selling Tide and EraPlus, and Lever Brothers offering Wisk and Surf, indicate that each firm positions its strong brand as a Stackelberg leader, with the rival's minor brand being the follower.
Author: Vrinda Kadiyali
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Researchers have recently developed models for determining which market conduct best describes observed data. We apply these techniques from the "new empirical industrial organization" literature to the competitive product line pricing decision, where a firm strategically prices its brands when determining the profit-maximizing conduct in the market. Demand, cost, and market structure are estimated endogenously. Empirical results from analyzing price competition in the laundry detergent market between Procter and Gamble selling Tide and EraPlus, and Lever Brothers offering Wisk and Surf, indicate that each firm positions its strong brand as a Stackelberg leader, with the rival's minor brand being the follower.
Author: Yu Ma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
We build an econometric model of a household's purchase incidence and brand choice decisions in complementary product categories to account for cross-category dependence in demand. Complementarity is modeled as the additional utility that a household derives from the joint consumption of brands in complementary categories. We estimate the proposed multi-category demand model using scanner panel data on cake mix and frosting categories. Using the estimated demand model as an input, we investigate whether the observed retail prices in the two categories are consistent with joint-category profit maximization behavior on the part of the retailer. We also investigate whether manufacturers' pricing behavior is consistent with maximizing the sum of profits from their brands (bearing the same umbrella name) in both complementary categories. Lastly, we investigate the nature of vertical channel interactions between the manufacturers and the retailer.We find that our proposed multi-category demand model fits households' purchasing outcomes better than traditional single-category demand models (which yield significantly under-stated within-category price elasticities). While each brand in one category is a complement for every brand in the other category, the cross-category complementarity and cross-category price elasticity are found to be strongest with respect to the umbrella brand name in the other category. We find that the data are consistent with joint-category profit maximization behavior by the retailer across the two categories, and with a Vertical Nash game between the retailer and the manufacturer. Finally, we find that the data are consistent with a Bertrand-Nash pricing game among manufacturers maximizing the sum of their brands' profits in the two categories. In fact, joint-category profit maximization is found to be a dominant strategy for each manufacturer.
Author: Vithala R. Rao
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1848447442
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 617
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Book Description
Pricing is an essential aspect of the marketing mix for brands and products. Further, pricing research in marketing is interdisciplinary, utilizing economic and psychological concepts with special emphasis on measurement and estimation. This unique Handbook provides current knowledge of pricing in a single, authoritative volume and brings together new cutting-edge research by established marketing scholars on a range of topics in the area. The environment in which pricing decisions and transactions are implemented has changed dramatically, mainly due to the advent of the Internet and the practices of advance selling and yield management. Over the years, marketing scholars have incorporated developments in game theory and microeconomics, behavioral decision theory, psychological and social dimensions and newer market mechanisms of auctions in their contributions to pricing research. These chapters, specifically written for this Handbook, cover these various developments and concepts as applied to tackling pricing problems. Academics and doctoral students in marketing and applied economics, as well as pricing-focused business practitioners and consultants, will appreciate the state-of-the-art research herein.
Author: Barry L. Bayus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Previous theoretical research has identified three primary effects of a product proliferation strategy: (1) a broad product line can increase overall demand, (2) a broad product line can affect supply by increasing costs, and (3) broad product lines can have strategic consequences (e.g., long product lines can deter entry, thereby allowing an incumbent firm to raise prices). In this paper we propose a three-equation simultaneous system that captures both the determinants and market outcomes of a firm's product line decisions. In particular, we specify market share, price and product line length equations, which are estimated by three stage least squares. Our empirical results for the personal computer industry over the period 1981-1992 demonstrate that product proliferation decisions have both demand (market share) and supply (price) implications. Our empirical results also suggest that the firm-level net market share impact of product proliferation in the personal computer industry is negative (i.e., the cost increases associated with a broader product line dominate any potential demand increases). As expected, we find that structural competitive factors play an important role in the determinants and market outcomes of a firm's product line decisions. However, we do not find evidence of firms using proliferation strategies to deter entry in this industry. Finally, we also demonstrate that some of the empirical conclusions from previous research are reversed once product line length is specified as endogenous in the share and price specifications.
Author: William Patrick Putsis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competition
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Author: William P. Putsis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In this paper, we empirically estimate a descriptive model of firm product line decisions in the personal computer industry over the period 1981-1992. Our analysis incorporates the firm's initial choice of the direction of a product line change (i.e., the product line can be expanded, contracted, or maintained) and the conditional choice related to the magnitude of any product line change (i.e., how many products to introduce or withdraw). For this industry, we find that firms expand their product lines when industry barriers are low or market opportunities are perceived to exist. We also find that high market share firms aggressively expand their product lines, as do firms with relatively high prices or short product lines. In general, our results highlight the various internal and external factors that influence firms in managing their product lines.
Author: Magdy G. Abdel-Kader
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230353274
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
A comprehensive review of contemporary research in management accounting. Provides a thorough critical analysis of recent issues published in the management accounting literature and identifies gaps for future research in each issue reviewed.
Author: Peter S.H. Leeflang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146154050X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
This book is about marketing models and the process of model building. Our primary focus is on models that can be used by managers to support marketing decisions. It has long been known that simple models usually outperform judgments in predicting outcomes in a wide variety of contexts. For example, models of judgments tend to provide better forecasts of the outcomes than the judgments themselves (because the model eliminates the noise in judgments). And since judgments never fully reflect the complexities of the many forces that influence outcomes, it is easy to see why models of actual outcomes should be very attractive to (marketing) decision makers. Thus, appropriately constructed models can provide insights about structural relations between marketing variables. Since models explicate the relations, both the process of model building and the model that ultimately results can improve the quality of marketing decisions. Managers often use rules of thumb for decisions. For example, a brand manager will have defined a specific set of alternative brands as the competitive set within a product category. Usually this set is based on perceived similarities in brand characteristics, advertising messages, etc. If a new marketing initiative occurs for one of the other brands, the brand manager will have a strong inclination to react. The reaction is partly based on the manager's desire to maintain some competitive parity in the mar keting variables.
Author: Timothy Michael Devinney
Publisher: Free Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
Author: Vijay Mahajan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792377511
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Product sales, especially for new products, are influenced by many factors. These factors are both internal and external to the selling organization, and are both controllable and uncontrollable. Due to the enormous complexity of such factors, it is not surprising that product failure rates are relatively high. Indeed, new product failure rates have variously been reported as between 40 and 90 percent. Despite this multitude of factors, marketing researchers have not been deterred from developing and designing techniques to predict or explain the levels of new product sales over time. The proliferation of the internet, the necessity or developing a road map to plan the launch and exit times of various generations of a product, and the shortening of product life cycles are challenging firms to investigate market penetration, or innovation diffusion, models. These models not only provide information on new product sales over time but also provide insight on the speed with which a new product is being accepted by various buying groups, such as those identified as innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. New Product Diffusion Models aims to distill, synthesize, and integrate the best thinking that is currently available on the theory and practice of new product diffusion models. This state-of-the-art assessment includes contributions by individuals who have been at the forefront of developing and applying these models in industry. The book's twelve chapters are written by a combined total of thirty-two experts who together represent twenty-five different universities and other organizations in Australia, Europe, Hong Kong, Israel, and the United States. The book will be useful for researchers and students in marketing and technological forecasting, as well as those in other allied disciplines who study relevant aspects of innovation diffusion. Practitioners in high-tech and consumer durable industries should also gain new insights from New Product Diffusion Models. The book is divided into five parts: I. Overview; II. Strategic, Global, and Digital Environments for Diffusion Analysis; III. Diffusion Models; IV. Estimation and V. Applications and Software. The final section includes a PC-based software program developed by Gary L. Lilien and Arvind Rangaswamy (1998) to implement the Bass diffusion model. A case on high-definition television is included to illustrate the various features of the software. A free, 15-day trial access period for the updated software can be downloaded from http://www.mktgeng.com/diffusionbook. Among the book's many highlights are chapters addressing the implications posed by the internet, globalization, and production policies upon diffusion of new products and technologies in the population.
