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Author: Ahmed Ibrahim Saleem Al-Kalbani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
The development of safe implants is one of the key priorities of biomedical engineering. Healthcare professionals are trying to create new and sophisticated strategies to improve and support people with disabilities using implants. The research described in this thesis focuses on developing a power supply from a wireless source for implants that will also serve as a wireless data telemetry channel for communication purposes. The design analysis of inductive coupled biomedical implant is expanded. The proposed method of powering the implant is a Class-E amplifier. An analytic approach is given in relation to tuning the class-E amplifier to maximize power transfer. This thesis culminates in specific recommendations for system level design including coil design, miniaturisation, coupling distance, stability of power supplies, consistent energy transfer and the ensuing electromagnetic exposure.The telemetry system for data transfer between implants and outside world has been also studied. This bio-telemetry system setup should ensure an optimal data rate, proper energy levels, low error rates, and a reliable power source. The efficiency of the system is crucial for these implants, and the use of efficient and low power consumption amplifiers and modulation schemes has been discussed in detail. The advantages of Pulse Width Modulated - Amplitude Shift Keying (PWM-ASK for short) are presented in comparison to current modulation schemes used in nowadays implants. Beside inductive coupled implants, this thesis also introduces a study of designing a wireless powered biomedical implant using capacitive coupling. A comparison between inductive and capacitive coupling is presented, while considering biotelemetry and power efficiency. A capacitive coupled biomedical implant is demonstrated through mathematical terms and simulations.
Author: Ahmed Ibrahim Saleem Al-Kalbani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Get Book Here
Book Description
The development of safe implants is one of the key priorities of biomedical engineering. Healthcare professionals are trying to create new and sophisticated strategies to improve and support people with disabilities using implants. The research described in this thesis focuses on developing a power supply from a wireless source for implants that will also serve as a wireless data telemetry channel for communication purposes. The design analysis of inductive coupled biomedical implant is expanded. The proposed method of powering the implant is a Class-E amplifier. An analytic approach is given in relation to tuning the class-E amplifier to maximize power transfer. This thesis culminates in specific recommendations for system level design including coil design, miniaturisation, coupling distance, stability of power supplies, consistent energy transfer and the ensuing electromagnetic exposure.The telemetry system for data transfer between implants and outside world has been also studied. This bio-telemetry system setup should ensure an optimal data rate, proper energy levels, low error rates, and a reliable power source. The efficiency of the system is crucial for these implants, and the use of efficient and low power consumption amplifiers and modulation schemes has been discussed in detail. The advantages of Pulse Width Modulated - Amplitude Shift Keying (PWM-ASK for short) are presented in comparison to current modulation schemes used in nowadays implants. Beside inductive coupled implants, this thesis also introduces a study of designing a wireless powered biomedical implant using capacitive coupling. A comparison between inductive and capacitive coupling is presented, while considering biotelemetry and power efficiency. A capacitive coupled biomedical implant is demonstrated through mathematical terms and simulations.
Author: Gürkan Yilmaz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331949337X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
This book presents new circuits and systems for implantable biomedical applications targeting neural recording. The authors describe a system design adapted to conform to the requirements of an epilepsy monitoring system. Throughout the book, these requirements are reflected in terms of implant size, power consumption, and data rate. In addition to theoretical background which explains the relevant technical challenges, the authors provide practical, step-by-step solutions to these problems. Readers will gain understanding of the numerical values in such a system, enabling projections for feasibility of new projects.
Author: Kerim Türe
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030408264
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
This book describes new circuits and systems for implantable wireless neural monitoring systems and explains the design of a batteryless, remotely-powered implantable micro-system, designed for continuous neural monitoring. Following new trends in implantable biomedical applications, the authors demonstrate a system which is capable of efficient remote powering and reliable data communication. Novel architecture and design methodologies are used for low power and small area wireless communication link. Additionally, hermetically sealed packaging and in-vivo validation of the implantable device is presented.
Author: Shawon Senjuti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Wireless power transmission is a technique that converts energy from radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) waves into DC voltage, which has been used here for the purpose of providing a power supply to bio-implantable batteryless sensors. The main constraints of the design are to achieve the minimum power required by the application, by still keeping the implant size small enough for the living subject's body. Resonance-based inductive coupling is a method being actively researched for the use in this type of power transmission, which uses two pairs of inductor coils in the external and implant circuits. In this work, we have employed the resonance-based inductive coupling technique in order to develop a design and optimization procedure for the inductors. We have designed two systems with different configurations, and have achieved power transfer efficiencies of around 80% at a coil distance of 50mm for both systems. We have also optimized the power delivered to the load (implant) and developed a power harvesting unit. Misalignment issues due to the subject's movements have been modeled for calculating the worst-case alignment, and finite element modeling of the inductors has been performed.
Author: Vaishnavi Nattar Ranganathan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
This work addresses challenges in power delivery, efficient computation and communication to power-constrained wearable and implantable devices. We are surrounded today by over 25 billion smart devices, and this number is constantly increasing. Owing to the shrinking CMOS technology, some of these devices are so small that they can even be worn on the human body or implanted inside it. The sheer number of devices and their drastic minia- turization and integration into the human body posit two major challenges. First, how do we communicate with these numerous small devices? Second, how do we deliver power to them? The wearable or implantable nature of these smart devices only exacerbates these challenges. Since these devices are designed to be worn or implanted, they must be small, comfortable and, most importantly, safe to use. They must be small so that they are dis- crete when worn or can be implanted easily. They must be comfortable so that people can use them for extended periods of time for physiological monitoring, without the devices in- terfering with their normal lifestyle. Finally, they must not cause discomfort by overheating and operate at low power consumption so that they are safe to use. Traditionally, cables were used to power or communicate. However, with the proliferation of smart devices, tethering to communicate with or to recharge them is no longer a practical solution. Bluetooth technology allows some degree of wireless communication with smart devices, but it is a power-hungry technology and thus unsuited for implanted devices. Hence there is a need for reliable communication of data at low power levels. Batteries are currently the most prevalent option for power delivery, but are a less-than-ideal solution. While progress in CMOS technology has reduced size and power consumption of smart devices, the batteries used to power them are still large. With higher energy requirements, larger these batteries become. Even when rechargeable, these batteries have a diminishing eciency over their lifetime of about two to three years. Hence, they are not the best option for powering these billions of devices, especially when they are implanted in the body and need surgery for replacement. One of the solutions to make these devices untethered and battery free is to use wireless power transfer and low-power wireless communication. However, these smart devices used in diverse application have vastly dierent power requirements and communication data rates. Hence, it becomes dicult to standardize ways to wirelessly power and communicate with them. The wireless solutions presented here are applied to two different applications, one wearable and the other implantable, demonstrating the ability to serve diverse requirements. The first application includes a wearable sensing platform that operates with ultra-low power consumption to perform analog sensing of physiological signals and use backscatter communication, which is an ultra-low power communication method, to transmit sensed data. The total power consumption for sensing and communicating data to an external base station is as low as 35 [micro]W to 160 [micro]W. This modular wireless platform is battery- free and can be made in the form of an adhesive bandaid that can sense physiological parameters like heart rate, breathing rate and sense sounds to monitor health conditions. Thus it enables simple, continuous and seamless monitoring of health parameters while a person goes about their everyday tasks. The second application is an implantable platform that can record neural signals from the brain and process them locally to identify events in the signals that can trigger neural stimulations. The requirements for this implantable device are far more complex than the simple wearable application. The implants operate with several 100 mW of power consumption and need several Mbps data rates to transmit the recorded and processed data out to the user. To address the high power and high data rate requirements, this work presents a novel dual-band approach that supports wireless power delivery at high frequency (HF) and backscatter communication at ultra-high frequency (UHF). At the smart implantable device, the dual-band wireless system harvests energy from HF wireless signals while simultaneously communicating data using UHF backscatter. To localize the implant and deliver power to it, a novel low-overhead echolocation method is presented in this work. This method uses reflected parameters on a phased array of wireless power transmitters to locate the wireless device and deliver focussed power to it. The implantable platform is intended for use in two different application domains. First, in neural engineering research where neural interface devices are used to understand, record and map the brain function and to leverage them and develop brain-controlled technology like prosthetic limbs. Second, for treatment and rehabilitation of people suffering from spinal cord injury and chronic neural disorders. An implantable brain-computer-spinal interface (BCSI) is presented in this work, that records neural signals and processes them locally to extract intent. The decoded action intention can be used to trigger stimulation in the spinal cord to reanimate the paralyzed limb and perform the action. In addition, this device is developed as a low-power FPGA-based platform so that it is reconfigurable to enable research in closed-loop algorithms to understand and treat several other neural disorders. We expect that such wireless biomedical sensing can provide a better understanding of physiological parameters and enable treatment for chronic disorders.
Author: Seyed Abdollah Mirbozorgi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
In recent years, there has been major progress on implantable biomedical systems that support most of the functionalities of wireless implantable devices. Nevertheless, these devices remain mostly restricted to be commercialized, in part due to weakness of a straightforward design to support the required functionalities, limitation on miniaturization, and lack of a reliable low-power high data rate interface between implants and external devices. This research provides novel strategies on the design of implantable biomedical devices that addresses these limitations by presenting analysis and techniques for wireless power transfer and efficient data transfer. The first part of this research includes our proposed novel resonance-based multicoil inductive power link structure with uniform power distribution to wirelessly power up smart animal research systems and implanted medical devices with high power efficiency and free positioning capability. The proposed structure consists of a multicoil resonance inductive link, which primary resonator array is made of several identical resonators enclosed in a scalable array of overlapping square coils that are connected in parallel and arranged in power surface (2D) and power chamber (3D) configurations. The proposed chamber uses two arrays of primary resonators, facing each other, and connected in parallel to achieve uniform power distribution in 3D. Each surface includes 9 overlapped coils connected in parallel and implemented into two layers of FR4 printed circuit board. The chamber features a natural power localization mechanism, which simplifies its implementation and eases its operation by avoiding the need for active detection of the load location and power control mechanisms. A single power surface based on the proposed approach can provide a power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 69% and a power delivered to the load (PDL) of 120 mW, for a separation distance of 4 cm, whereas the complete chamber prototype provides a uniform PTE of 59% and a PDL of 100 mW in 3D, everywhere inside the chamber with a chamber size of 27×27×16 cm3. The second part of this research includes our proposed novel, fully-integrated, low-power fullduplex transceiver (FDT) to support bi-directional neural interfacing applications (stimulating and recording) with asymmetric data rates: higher rates are required for recording (uplink signals) than stimulation (downlink signals). The transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) share a single antenna to reduce implant size. The TX uses impulse radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB) based on an edge combining approach, and the RX uses a novel 2.4-GHz on-off keying (OOK) receiver. Proper isolation (> 20 dB) between the TX and RX path is implemented 1) by shaping the transmitted pulses to fall within the unregulated UWB spectrum (3.1-7 GHz), and 2) by space-efficient filtering (avoiding a circulator or diplexer) of the downlink OOK spectrum in the RX low-noise amplifier (LNA). The UWB 3.1-7 GHz transmitter using OOK and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulations at only 10.8 pJ/bit. The proposed FDT provides dual band 500 Mbps TX uplink data rate and 100 Mbps RX downlink data rate. It is fully integrated on standard TSMC 0.18 nm CMOS within a total size of 0.8 mm2. The total power consumption measured 10.4 mW (5 mW for RX and 5.4 mW for TX at the rate of 500 Mbps).
Author: Michael Mark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Over the last couple of years, Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI) based on microelectrode arrays have been shown to have the potential to substantially improve the quality of life for people suffering from debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injuries or limb loss. One of the most critical parts of a BMI system is the neural sensor. It is ideally implanted underneath the skull, reads out neural signals from the brain and transmits them wirelessly to a receiver outside the skull. The requirements on the electronics of such a sensor are extremely stringent, especially with respect to size and power consumption. Ideally, the overall size of the implanted sensor node is limited by the size of the sensor itself, rather than the electronics and the power source. This work investigates powering options for implants of sizes ranging from 10 mm by 10 mm down to 1 mm by 1 mm. Wireless power transfer is identified as the most promising option of doing so and is investigated in detail. It is shown, that for a given implant antenna size, an optimum combination of external antenna and frequency of operation exists that minimizes the overall link loss. In combination with limitations on the maximum transmit and received power due to health concerns, the maximum power available to mm-size implants as a function of size is derived. Two different AC-to-DC conversion circuit topologies, covering the expected input power and frequency range, are analyzed in detail and design guidelines for each are given. Finally, a 1 mm3 proof-of-concept implementation of a wirelessly powered neural transponder is presented. It was tested in air and in animal and provides enough extra DC power to power a neural sensor front-end while supporting a 2 Mbps radio link. The presented tag is the smallest wireless neural tag reported to date and prooves the feasibility of remotely powered mm-size wireless neural implants.
Author: Enzo Pasquale Scilingo
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038423866
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Wearable Electronics and Embedded Computing Systems for Biomedical Applications" that was published in Electronics
Author: Madhu Bhaskaran
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351831666
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
For decades, people have searched for ways to harvest energy from natural sources. Lately, a desire to address the issue of global warming and climate change has popularized solar or photovoltaic technology, while piezoelectric technology is being developed to power handheld devices without batteries, and thermoelectric technology is being explored to convert wasted heat, such as in automobile engine combustion, into electricity. Featuring contributions from international researchers in both academics and industry, Energy Harvesting with Functional Materials and Microsystems explains the growing field of energy harvesting from a materials and device perspective, with resulting technologies capable of enabling low-power implantable sensors or a large-scale electrical grid. In addition to the design, implementation, and components of energy-efficient electronics, the book covers current advances in energy-harvesting materials and technology, including: High-efficiency solar technologies with lower cost than existing silicon-based photovoltaics Novel piezoelectric technologies utilizing mechanical energy from vibrations and pressure The ability to harness thermal energy and temperature profiles with thermoelectric materials Whether you’re a practicing engineer, academician, graduate student, or entrepreneur looking to invest in energy-harvesting devices, this book is your complete guide to fundamental materials and applied microsystems for energy harvesting.
Author: Krzysztof Iniewski
Publisher: Artech House
ISBN: 1596933186
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
Supported with over 280 illustrations and over 160 equations, the book offers cutting-edge guidance on designing integrated circuits for wireless biosensing, body implants, biosensing interfaces, and molecular biology. You discover innovative design techniques and novel materials to help you achieve higher levels circuit and system performance.
