Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Neuromuscular Performance of Community Dwelling Older Adults PDF Download
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Author: Trentham Phillip Furness
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise for older people
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
"Whole body vibration (WBV) is a mode of exercise by which an individual stands on a vibration platform that may be oscillating and therefore creating vertical displacement which affects gravitational forces acting upon the whole body. Manipulations of platform amplitude or frequency can affect the rate of change of the WBV (i.e. acceleration) acting upon an individual. The specific influences of frequency or amplitude, however, are unknown. The aim of the study, therefore, was two fold; (1) to identify chronic WBV effects of neuromuscular performance within a community dwelling older adult sample, and; (2) to identify WBV methods that would elicit chronic neuromuscular performance changes within such a sample. The study incorporated a randomised controlled experimental design to examine the aim. Seventy-three community dwelling older adults freely consented to the requirements of the study (mean age = 72.0 years). Neuromuscular performance was quantified with the 5-Chair Stands test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Tinetti test. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) was qualified with the SF-36 Health Survey. A six week WBV intervention significantly changed the quantifiers of neuromuscular performance in a community dwelling older adult sample. The WBV intervention significantly reduced time taken to complete the 5-Chair Stands test (p
Author: Trentham Phillip Furness
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise for older people
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
"Whole body vibration (WBV) is a mode of exercise by which an individual stands on a vibration platform that may be oscillating and therefore creating vertical displacement which affects gravitational forces acting upon the whole body. Manipulations of platform amplitude or frequency can affect the rate of change of the WBV (i.e. acceleration) acting upon an individual. The specific influences of frequency or amplitude, however, are unknown. The aim of the study, therefore, was two fold; (1) to identify chronic WBV effects of neuromuscular performance within a community dwelling older adult sample, and; (2) to identify WBV methods that would elicit chronic neuromuscular performance changes within such a sample. The study incorporated a randomised controlled experimental design to examine the aim. Seventy-three community dwelling older adults freely consented to the requirements of the study (mean age = 72.0 years). Neuromuscular performance was quantified with the 5-Chair Stands test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Tinetti test. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) was qualified with the SF-36 Health Survey. A six week WBV intervention significantly changed the quantifiers of neuromuscular performance in a community dwelling older adult sample. The WBV intervention significantly reduced time taken to complete the 5-Chair Stands test (p
Author: Man Hin Lam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise for older people
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
Study 4 (Chapter 5): This was an experimental study aimed at examining the transmission power and purity of vertical (synchronous) whole-body vibrations upon its propagation in the human body among older adults. Methods and results: Forty older adults were tested (33 women; mean age: 60.3℗ł5.7 years). Four vibration frequencies (25, 30, 35, 40 Hz), two amplitudes (0.6 and 0.9 mm), and six different postures were tested (total 48 conditions). Skin-mounted triaxial accelerometers were placed at the medial malleolus, tibial tuberosity, greater trochanter, third lumbar vertebra, and forehead. The transmissibility of vibration was computed as the ratio of the root-mean-square-acceleration at different body sites to that of the platform. Signal purity was expressed by the percentage of total transmitted power within ℗ł1 Hz of the nominal frequency delivered by the platform. It was found that signal transmissibility was dependent upon the interaction between frequency and posture and, to a lesser extent, the interaction between amplitude and posture. Increasing frequency and amplitude was associated with lower transmissibility. Significant resonance was noted at the medial malleolus. Among different postures, tip-toeing led to the lowest transmissibility. Single-leg standing had the highest WBV transmission to the hip, while erect standing had a significantly higher transmissibility to the head than other postures. The purity of the vibration signal was well conserved as the vibrations were transmitted from the feet to the upper body. To conclude, WBV transmissibility is highly influenced by signal frequency, amplitude and posture. These parameters should be carefully considered when prescribing WBV to older adults. Study 5 (Chapter 6): This was a randomized controlled trial that aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on enhancing the outcomes of a comprehensive exercise training program to improve physical function among institutionalized older adults. Methods and results: Seventy-three institutionalized older adults were randomly allocated to one of three training groups: group 1, a comprehensive strength and balance training program combined with WBV; group 2, a comprehensive strength and balance training program without WBV; and group 3, social and recreational activities consisting of upper limb exercises only. All participants completed 3 training sessions per week for 8 weeks. Measured outcomes included assessment of mobility, balance, lower limb strength, walking endurance, and self-reported balance confidence. Outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention. Participants were also followed up for 1 year after the end of the training session to record the incidence of falls that required medical attention. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the post-intervention change of measured variables, from baseline, between-groups. The intent-to-treat analysis identified a significant time ©-- group interaction for lower limb strength, evaluated using the time to complete 5 repetitions of sit-to-stand (p=0.048). Post-hoc analysis identified the interaction effect to be contributed by the improvement in lower limb strength for the exercise group without WBV, compared to a decline in strength in the control group (p=0.030). No significant time ©-- group interaction was identified for other outcomes (p9́Æ0.065). To conclude, adding WBV did not enhance the effect of a comprehensive exercise program on the physical function of institutionalized older adults. Although our exercise program was effective in improving lower limb strength, there were no therapeutic effects on balance and mobility. A longer program duration and more challenging balance activities may be needed to improve balance and mobility in these individuals. Study 6 (Chapter 7): This was a randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness of WBV in improving lower limb strength, balance, and mobility among individuals with mild or moderate dementia. Methods and results: Fifty-four older adults (40 women; mean (SD) age: 79.8 (6.1) years) with mild or moderate dementia were recruited from two day-care centers. They were randomly allocated to either the WBV training group (intervention group) or usual care in the daycare center (control group). The intervention period lasted for nine weeks (18 sessions). All subjects were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and three months after the intervention ended. The primary outcome was functional mobility, measured using the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test. The following secondary outcomes were evaluated: balance, using the Berg Balance Scale; lower limb strength, using the time to complete 5 repetitions of sit-to-stand; quality of life, using the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's disease questionnaire; and balance confidence, using the Activities specific Balance Confidence scale. The feasibility and safety of the WBV intervention were evaluated in terms of attendance rate, the incidence of adverse events, and feedback provided by trainers. The attendance rate for the training was high (86.0%) with a very low incidence of adverse events: 2 of the 27 participants reported mild knee pain. WBV did not provide additional benefits compared to usual care for the primary outcome and for all secondary outcomes assessed. To conclude, WBV training is feasible and safe to use with people with mild or moderate dementia. However, nine weeks (18 sessions) of vertical WBV (30 Hz, 2 mm peak-to-peak amplitude) did not yield further improvement in physical function and quality of life than a usual activity program, provided at a daycare center, among community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Conclusion: The transmission of WBV through the human body is complex and will be highly influenced by the intensity of WBV and by exercise postures used for training. Although WBV does augment activation of lower limb muscles during exercise, our two randomized controlled trials did not provide evidence of the effectiveness of WBV in improving physical function among institutionalized older adults or among community-dwelling older adults with mild or moderate dementia.
Author: Ning Wei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Muscles
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Only MG group demonstrated significant increase in isometric knee extension (p=0.017) after 36 sessions of WBV training. Both LG and MG showed significant improvements in isokinetic knee extension at 180℗ʻ/s (LG: p=0.001; MG: p=0.006), isokinetic knee extension at 60℗ʻ/s (LG: p=0.041; MG: p=0.016), TUG (LG: p0.001; MG: p
Author: Wolfgang Kemmler
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889638375
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Author: Sven S. Rees
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Author: Lyndsay Foisey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Author: Junggi Hong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Vibration
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Recently, changes in human performance following whole-body vibration (WBV) training have been attributed to enhanced neuromuscular function. However, the exact neural and muscular mechanisms responsible for these changes remain less understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on the neural control of movement and muscle performance. Twenty male and female subjects with no history of leg injury were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. To assess the acute effects of WBV, data was collected from subjects immediately before and following an exposure to WBV (3 bouts of 2 minute with one minute rest between bouts). During the vibration exposure, subjects stood quietly on the platform with a slight amount of knee flexion. Subjects in the control group performed trials of quiet standing on the laboratory floor. Trial length, rest periods and body positions were identical for both groups. The variables used to evaluate the acute effects were electromechanical delay and rate of force development. To assess the chronic effects, the experimental group received WBV training in the laboratory over the course of 4 weeks. The training consisted of 3 sessions per week. During each session, the subjects performed 3 standing trials (2 minutes with one minute rest between bouts). The control group also reported to the laboratory for training consisting of trials of quiet standing. EMD and RFD were also used to assess chronic changes as well as two other measures on neural control, specifically presynaptic inhibition. The two measures of presynaptic inhibition were extrinsic presynaptic inhibition (EPI) and intrinsic presynaptic inhibition measured by paired reflex depression (PRD). The analysis for an acute effect consisted of a 2x2 (Group x Test) ANOVA for the dependent measures EMD and RFD. The experimental (WBV) group demonstrated a significant group x test interaction for the electromechanical delay (p=0.02) and rate of force development (p=0.03). The experimental group decreased EMD by 16% (from 23.42 ms to 19.3 ms) and increased RFD by 15.6% (from 274N/sec to 323 N/sec). The analysis for the chronic effect consisted of 2x3x2 (Group x Test x Time) repeated measure ANOVAs for the dependent measures (EMD, RFD, EPI, and PRD). After a 4 week of WBV training, the experimental (WBV) group demonstrated a significant decrease in electromechanical delay (EMD). The results also showed a significant group x test interaction for the rate of force development (RFD), and paired reflex depression (PRD) over the course of the study. There were no changes in extrinsic presynaptic inhibition noted in any of the comparisons. Through the use of these techniques and procedures, it is concluded that acute WBV has an effect on the EMD and RFD of the soleus muscle in young healthy subjects. Regarding chronic effects of WBV, our findings suggest that 4 weeks of WBV affects intrinsic presynaptic inhibition as measured by paired reflex depression as well as well as EMD and RFD.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321504316
Category : Kinesiology
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of whole body vibration on knee extensor muscle power, limits of stability, and sit-to-stand performance in community-dwelling elder individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to do body weight exercise with either an individualized vibration frequency and amplitude, a fixed vibration frequency and amplitude, or no vibration.
Author: Adolfo Bronstein
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199608997
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
Vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance rank amongst the most common presenting symptoms in neurology, ENT, geriatric medicine, and general practice. These symptoms can originate from many different organs and systems, such as the inner ear, general medical conditions, and neurological and psychological disorders. The Oxford Textbook of Vertigo and Imbalance covers the scientific basis, clinical diagnosis, and treatments for the disorders leading to dizziness and poor balance. Each chapter comprehensively covers the established knowledge of each disorder, as well as introducing the reader to the latest research aspects. Additionally, the specialist authors offer their own clinical opinions based on practice and experience. Didactic tables, figures, and diagrams are used throughout this volume to enhance understanding. The print edition is complemented by an online version, which allows access to the full content of the textbook, contains links from the references to primary research journal articles, allows full text searches, and provides access to figures and tables that can be downloaded to PowerPointRG.
Author: Helena Blumen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889636267
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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