Effects of Upper-body Plyometric Training on Physical Fitness in Healthy Youth and Young Adult Participants: a Systematic Review with Meta-analysis PDF Download
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Author: Exal Garcia-Carrillo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Abstract: Background Upper-body plyometric training (UBPT) is a commonly used training method, yet its effects on physical fitness are inconsistent and there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the topic. Objective To examine the effects of UBPT on physical fitness in healthy youth and young adult participants compared to active, specific-active, and passive controls. Methods This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and utilized the PICOS framework. PubMed, WOS, and SCOPUS were searched. Studies were assessed for eligibility using the PICOS framework. The effects of UBPT on upper-body physical fitness were assessed, including maximal strength, medicine ball throw performance, sport-specific throwing performance, and upper limb muscle volume. The risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Means and standard deviations were used to calculate effect sizes, and the I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using the extended Egger's test. Certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE scale. Additional analyses included sensitivity analyses and adverse effects. Results Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review and 30 studies in meta-analyses, involving 1412 male and female participants from various sport-fitness backgrounds. Training duration ranged from 4 to 16 weeks. Compared to controls, UBPT improved maximal strength (small ES = 0.39 95% CI = 0.15-0.63, p = 0.002, I2 = 29.7%), medicine ball throw performance (moderate ES = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43-0.85, p 0.001, I2 = 46.3%), sport-specific throwing performance (small ES = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.25-0.86, p 0.001, I2 = 36.8%), and upper limbs muscle volume (moderate ES = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.20-1.08, p = 0.005, I2 = 0.0%). The GRADE analyses provided low or very low certainty for the recommendation of UBPT for improving physical fitness in healthy participants. One study reported one participant with an injury due to UBPT. The other 34 included studies provided no report measure for adverse effects linked to UBPT.br
Author: Exal Garcia-Carrillo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Abstract: Background Upper-body plyometric training (UBPT) is a commonly used training method, yet its effects on physical fitness are inconsistent and there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the topic. Objective To examine the effects of UBPT on physical fitness in healthy youth and young adult participants compared to active, specific-active, and passive controls. Methods This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and utilized the PICOS framework. PubMed, WOS, and SCOPUS were searched. Studies were assessed for eligibility using the PICOS framework. The effects of UBPT on upper-body physical fitness were assessed, including maximal strength, medicine ball throw performance, sport-specific throwing performance, and upper limb muscle volume. The risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Means and standard deviations were used to calculate effect sizes, and the I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using the extended Egger's test. Certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE scale. Additional analyses included sensitivity analyses and adverse effects. Results Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review and 30 studies in meta-analyses, involving 1412 male and female participants from various sport-fitness backgrounds. Training duration ranged from 4 to 16 weeks. Compared to controls, UBPT improved maximal strength (small ES = 0.39 95% CI = 0.15-0.63, p = 0.002, I2 = 29.7%), medicine ball throw performance (moderate ES = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43-0.85, p 0.001, I2 = 46.3%), sport-specific throwing performance (small ES = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.25-0.86, p 0.001, I2 = 36.8%), and upper limbs muscle volume (moderate ES = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.20-1.08, p = 0.005, I2 = 0.0%). The GRADE analyses provided low or very low certainty for the recommendation of UBPT for improving physical fitness in healthy participants. One study reported one participant with an injury due to UBPT. The other 34 included studies provided no report measure for adverse effects linked to UBPT.br
Author: Urs Granacher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Abstract: Background Balance and resistance training applied as single-mode interventions have proven to enhance measures of balance and/or muscular fitness in youth and youth athletes. Less is known on the effectiveness of combined or sequenced balance and resistance training in youth and youth athletes. Objective The objective of this scoping review was to describe the effects of concurrently performed balance and resistance training (i.e., metastable resistance training) and different sequencing schemes of balance and resistance training on measures of balance and/or muscular fitness in healthy youth and youth athletes. We additionally aimed to identify knowledge gaps in the literature. Methods According to the principles of a scoping review, we followed a broad research question, identified gaps in the literature, and reported findings on the level of single studies but did not aggregate and meta-analyze outcomes across studies. For this purpose, systematic literature searches were conducted in the electronic databases PubMed (including MEDLINE), Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus from inception until August 2022. We included metastable resistance training and sequenced balance and resistance training studies in healthy youth and youth athletes aged 6-18 years that investigated the training-induced effects on measures of balance (e.g., stork balance test) and muscular fitness (e.g., countermovement jump test) in contrast to active/passive controls. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) was applied for the whole scoping review on levels A (high strength of recommendation) to C (low strength of recommendation) and for individual studies on levels 1 (high-quality evidence) to 3 (low-quality evidence). Results The strength of recommendation for the scoping review was level B based on inconsistent or limited-quality evidence. Eleven randomized controlled trials were eligible to be included in this scoping review and each study was rated as 'limited-quality evidence'. A median PEDro score of 6 was computed across the included studies. Four studies examined the effects of metastable resistance training (e.g., plyometric training on unstable surfaces) on measures of balance and/or muscle fitness in youth athletes. The remaining seven studies investigated the impact of sequenced balance and resistance training (e.g., blocked balance training followed by blocked resistance training) on measures of balance and/or muscle fitness in youth and youth athletes. The duration of the intervention programs ranged from 6 to 10 weeks with 2-weekly to 3-weekly exercise sessions. Participants' age range was 10-18 years (mean 15 years). Ten studies examined young male and female athletes from different sports (i.e., basketball, handball, soccer) and one study physical education students. Metastable resistance training compared with plyometric training performed on stable surfaces showed no extra effect on measures of balance and muscular fitness. Stable plyometric training appears to be even more effective to improve jump performance. Sequenced balance and resistance training in the form of a mesocycle of balance followed by plyometric training seems to be particularly effective to improve measures of balance and muscular fitness in young athletes. This scoping review identified knowledge gaps that may indicate future research avenues: (i) comparative studies should be designed to examine how sex, age, maturity status, and expertise level impact on the adaptive potential following metastable resistance training or sequenced balance and resistance training in youth and youth athletes, (ii) at least one established measure of balance and muscular fitness should always be included in study designs to allow future comparison between studies and to aggregate (meta-analyze) findings across studies and (iii) studies are needed that examine neuromuscular and tendomuscular adaptations following these exercise types as well as dosage effects. Conclusions According to the results of this scoping review, balance training should be an essential training component for youth that is incorporated with the resistance training exercises or introduced at least a month before resistance and plyometric training within a periodized training program. More research is needed to examine the moderating roles of age, maturity status, and sex
Author: Ian Jeffreys
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000343898
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
An effective strength and conditioning program is an essential component of the preparation of any athlete or sportsperson. Strength and Conditioning for Sports Performance is a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to the theory and practice of strength and conditioning, providing students, coaches and athletes with everything they need to design and implement effective training programs. Revised and updated for a second edition, the book continues to include clear and rigorous explanations of the core science underpinning strength and conditioning techniques and give detailed, step-by-step guides to all key training methodologies, including training for strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and plyometrics. The second edition expands on the opening coaching section as well as introducing an entirely new section on current training methods which includes examining skill acquisition and motor learning. Throughout the book the focus is on the coaching process, with every chapter highlighting the application of strength and conditioning techniques in everyday coaching situations. Strength and Conditioning for Sports Performance includes a unique and extensive section of sport-specific chapters, each of which examines in detail the application of strength and conditioning to a particular sport, from soccer and basketball to golf and track and field athletics. The second edition sees this section expanded to include other sports such as rugby union, rugby league and American football. The book includes contributions from world-leading strength and conditioning specialists, including coaches who have worked with Olympic gold medallists and international sports teams at the highest level. Strength and Conditioning for Sports Performance is an essential course text for any degree-level student with an interest in strength and conditioning, for all students looking to achieve professional accreditation, and an invaluable reference for all practising strength and conditioning coaches.
Author: Paavo Komi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405140593
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Book Description
The second edition of this broadly based book continues to examine and update the basic and applied aspects of strength and power in sport from the neurophysiology of the basic motor unit to training for specific activities. Authorship is, again, international and includes leading physiologists and clinicians.
Author: Malavika Suresh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Human vertical posture is an unstable system, requiring numerous mechanisms to maintain postural control. The ability to maintain upright stance without any assistance is a fundamental skill to be independently mobile. Plyometric exercises (such as jumping and hopping) are used by individuals involved in dynamic sports (athletes) to either enhance athletic performance or in rehabilitation of injured athletes to help them return to their sport as safe and as fast as possible. Short-term plyometric training has been shown to positively impact postural control and muscle power in athletes. There have been no studies which investigated this training in non-athletic individuals or considered postural stability changes as a result of this training. Positive changes in lower limb muscle power and therefore postural control, can be immensely beneficial to individuals recovering from injuries or individuals with impaired standing balance due to neurological disorders. This study investigated a short-term (10 week), high intensity, bi-lateral plyometric training regime on young adults to observe, analyze and characterize their motor control and postural stability. This study involved ten healthy participants, who underwent the training three times a week, for ten weeks. Measurements were taken twice per session: (i) pre-exercise and (ii) post-exercise. Their center of pressure (CoP) recordings were carried out using a force plate, and their muscle activity was recorded using six electromyography (EMG) sensors placed on the right and left muscle bellies of the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF) and lateral gastrocnemius (GL). Participants were instructed to stand on the force plate for 90s, eyes open, shoulder width apart and hands by their sides. The exercise itself consisted of four sets of 30s maximal effort, bi-lateral jumps, with 60s rest in between. It was hypothesized that over time, there would be a reduction in the overall center of pressure (CoP) velocity, postural sway and 95% ellipse area. Our second aim was to determine the effect of this training on muscle activity in the lower limbs by evaluating vertical jump performance, EMG-EMG coherence of synergistic muscles, and gross innervation input of a select muscle for the task. The results of this study indicate that plyometric training consisting of high impact bi-lateral exercises induced major improvements in lower extremity power and postural stability. There were significant changes in most CoP measures and EMG-EMG coherence. Therefore, we can conclude that short-term, high intensity plyometric training should be applied to impaired standing balance, and possibly included in rehabilitation programs to improve their mobility and quality of life.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309104025
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Is there a sufficient evidence base for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to develop a comprehensive set of physical activity guidelines for Americans? To address this question, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop titled "Adequacy of Evidence for Physical Activity Guidelines Development" in Washington, DC on October 23-24, 2006, sponsored by HHS. The workshop summary includes the presentations and discussions of more than 30 experts who were asked to consider the available evidence related to physical activity and the general population, as well as special population subgroups including children and adolescents, pregnant and postpartum women, older adults, and persons with disabilities. The summary provides an overview of the specific issues of relevance in assessing the quality and breadth of the available evidence.
Author: Salvi Shah
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659176074
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Success in many sports heavily depends on explosive arm/leg strength and power. Upper body strength and power is valuable for athletes who participate in swimming, climbing, golf, tennis, volley ball, javelin throw, discus throw, shot put, base ball and variety of sports. Power is the most desired physical quality for a number of sports because it entails both strength (force) and speed (velocity).In order to assist the athlete in training for power event, concept of plyometrics was introduced in Russia in 1969. Strength and endurance in muscles of upper body, specifically the chest, shoulder triceps and core is a good indication of overall fitness. Pushups are one of the best exercise for developing strength and power for upper body. Till now numerous research studies have documented the effectiveness of plyometric training on lower extremities. Very few researchers have attempted to document the effectiveness of plyometric training on upper extremities. So purpose of writing this book is to explore this particular area.
Author: Dr. Dhama Prakash Jyoti
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 138763397X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
A balanced physical education program provides each student with an opportunity to develop into a physically-educated person; one who learns skills necessary to perform a variety of physical activities, is physically fit, participates regularly in physical activity, and knows the benefits from involvement in physical activity and its contributions to a healthy lifestyle. For all students to become physically educated, instruction is designed for all students with special consideration for students who need help the most, less skilled students and students with disabilities.
Author: Landon Paul Jackson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body composition
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Plyometrics has shown significant improvements for explosive power, strength, and body composition. Purpose. The purpose of this research study was to examine the effects on power in a land plyometric exercise program. It is important to note the issues for different effects on power when performing plyometrics in a periodized program in comparison to not participating in one. Methods. The study had 13 participants (10 males: 23.44.01 years, 3 females: 21.332.52 years), which were randomly selected to land plyometric training (LPT; n=6; 5 males, 1 female) or a CG (n=7; 5 males, 2 females). The study consisted of a pre-test, 8-week intervention, and a post-test the 10th week. Participant's vertical jump height (VJH), hang time, body composition, and physical activity enjoyment scores were recorded. A repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to determine between and within groups differences and Cohen's d was used to calculate effect sizes. The current study researched quantitative data to find statistical evidence for VJH. This study outperformed previous research in VJH with similar age groups, while younger participants in previous research outperformed the LPT group. Results. A significant effect over time was found for all groups in VJH (p= .045). LPT increased their VJH by a mean of 1.2 in (7.06%) and CG by 0.4 in (1.88%). Hang time also increased significantly over time among both groups (p= .032). LPT slightly decreased body fat percentage with a small negative d = .04, but this data was not significant (p= .080). Conclusion. The current study provides significant evidence for LPT being an effective method for increasing VJH over time but found no significance for time and group interactions. It should be noted the researcher could not control exercise participation outside of the research study, which could have confounded results. The fitness levels and age can also have an impact on increasing VJH. Future research should seek different training environments, increased sample size, and length of study.
Author: Donald A. Chu
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 9780880118460
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Detailing plyometric exercises for a variety of sports, this guide explains how plyometrics work and how to incorporate plyometrics into a comprehensive strength and power training program. Illustrations.
