Effects of Overstory Paper Birch (Betula Papyrifera March) on Physiology, Growth, and Biomass Responses of Under-planted Conifer Seedlings PDF Download
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Author: Tracy Lynn Sherman
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Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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"This thesis tested whether two- and three-year old under-planted Abies /asiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco, and Picea glauca x P. engelmannii (Moench) Voss seedlings responded to changes in light quantity and spectral quality (measured by red to far-red ratios) under five densities of overstory paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) on a site in the interior cedar hemlock (ICHmk2) subzone, about 80 km east of Williams Lake, British Columbia. The five B. papyrifera densities were 0 (clearcut), 400, 800, 1200 stems ha-1 , and unthinned (> 10,000 stems ha-1 ). Generally, light quantity and red to far-red ratio increased three-fold in the clear-cut compared to the unthinned paper birch treatment. Conifer photosynthesis and percent foliar nitrogen was greater on the clear-cut compared to other paper birch densities. Total biomass was three-fold greater in the clear-cut grown seedlings of A. lasiocarpa, P. menziesii, and P. glauca x P. engelmannii, while for the most shade tolerant species, T plicata, the difference was two-fold. Similarly, relative growth rate increased for all species as birch density decreased. Results showed that A. lasiocarpa, P. menziesii, and P. glauca x P. engelmannii were more plastic in their photosynthetic and growth responses to increasing light compared to T plicata. Growth response to variation in light may be an important factor when deciding on appropriate densities of overstory paper birch for different under-planted conifer species."--Page iii.
Author: Tracy Lynn Sherman
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ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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"This thesis tested whether two- and three-year old under-planted Abies /asiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco, and Picea glauca x P. engelmannii (Moench) Voss seedlings responded to changes in light quantity and spectral quality (measured by red to far-red ratios) under five densities of overstory paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) on a site in the interior cedar hemlock (ICHmk2) subzone, about 80 km east of Williams Lake, British Columbia. The five B. papyrifera densities were 0 (clearcut), 400, 800, 1200 stems ha-1 , and unthinned (> 10,000 stems ha-1 ). Generally, light quantity and red to far-red ratio increased three-fold in the clear-cut compared to the unthinned paper birch treatment. Conifer photosynthesis and percent foliar nitrogen was greater on the clear-cut compared to other paper birch densities. Total biomass was three-fold greater in the clear-cut grown seedlings of A. lasiocarpa, P. menziesii, and P. glauca x P. engelmannii, while for the most shade tolerant species, T plicata, the difference was two-fold. Similarly, relative growth rate increased for all species as birch density decreased. Results showed that A. lasiocarpa, P. menziesii, and P. glauca x P. engelmannii were more plastic in their photosynthetic and growth responses to increasing light compared to T plicata. Growth response to variation in light may be an important factor when deciding on appropriate densities of overstory paper birch for different under-planted conifer species."--Page iii.
Author: Titus Fondo Ambebe
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ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Experiments conducted in Lakehead University greenhouse (Thunder Bay, Northwestern Ontario).
Author: Kirstin Anne Campbell
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Management of paper birch in mixedwood stands is a sustainable forest management practice. In addition to the ecological and economical benefits of mixedwoods, paper birch trees can maintain or enhance slope stability. This thesis attempted to quantify the contribution of birch root reinforcement in BC to slope shear resistance. The objectives of this thesis were to determine the: 1) genetic variation in paper birch root reinforcement, 2) environmental variation in root reinforcement between birch and pine, and 3) differences in root reinforcement between birch and pine. The first study compared the contribution of birch and pine roots (from different populations growing in three soil types) to soil shear resistance using two controlled environment shear tests (Sonotube and Polytube Experiments). The second study (Tree Uprooting Experiment) compared the vertical uprooting resistance of birch and pine growing in different soil types at three field study sites. The third study (Genecology Experiment) determined the variation of four birch populations growing at one location. Results from the tube experiments found that the roots of birch and pine trees contributed to a significant increase in shear strength, regardless of soil type. At a depth of 20-44 cm, paper birch increased shear strength by as much 88%, while pine increased strength by as much as 61%. There was little variation in root reinforcement among the six birch populations in the Sonotube Experiment, which suggested that these trees were from one generalist population rather than six specialist populations. Soil texture affected the root reinforcement of birch and pine in the Polytube Experiment~ both species had the highest root reinforcement in coarse textured sand and the least root reinforcement in medium textured silt. The limiting factor in root reinforcement, in this case, was attributed to a lack of water and nutrients in the silt soil. In the Tree Uprooting Experiment, birch trees had 50% greater resistance to uprooting than did pine trees. Small diameter birch and pine at Aleza Lake had greater uprooting resistance than birch and pine at other field sites. However, larger diameter trees at Gregg Creek and Red Rock had greater uprooting resistance than similar size trees at Aleza Lake. Soil strength and moisture content may have accounted for the uprooting resistance differences among diameter classes at Aleza Lake. Results from the Genecology Experiment showed that the Skeena population had the greatest uprooting resistance, and the greatest height, diameter, and root biomass compared to the other three populations. The results from companion trials, and from the uprooting tests suggested that Skeena trees represent a generalist population. In the same experiment, the nursery where the trees were grown impacted uprooting resistance, even after five years growing in the field. The results from this study reconfirmed the significant length of time nursery can affect field performance. Significant findings arising from this thesis were that: 1) birch saplings have greater root strength than pine across all soil types, 2) root system structure has an important role in root reinforcement between tree species, 3) root reinforcement is maximized by birch and pine when growing in freely drained, cohesionless sandy soil, and 4) further study of birch genecology is needed to identify generalist, high performing populations such as Skeena. Overall, managing for mixedwoods in BC has both ecological and economical benefits, including enhanced slope stability.
Author: Daniel Albert Herms
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ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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![Phenology, Growth and Physiological Responses to Photoperiod and Elevated [CO2] of Boreal White Birch (Betula Papyrifera Marsh) PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/BtLJzgEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Binyam Tedla
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Kevin D. Keane
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ISBN:
Category : Birch
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Author: A. E. Harvey
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Category : Conifers
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: John C. Bjorkbom
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Category : Germination
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Paper birch trees are generally considered prolific seeders that produce at least some seed every year and very large crops of seed periodically. Seed dispersal is widely assumed to begin in early fall and to continue through the winter months. Germinative capacity has been assumed to be fairly low.
Author: John C. Bjorkbom
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ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Author: John C. Bjorkbom
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ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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