Effects of Fertilization on Growth and Foliar Nutrients of Red Alder Seedlings PDF Download
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Author: M. A. Radwan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author: M. A. Radwan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author: M. A. Radwan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: M. A. Radwan
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781390404807
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Excerpt from Effects of Fertilization on Growth and Foliar Nutrients of Red Alder Seedlings This study was designed to assess effects of various fertilizers applied, singly and in combination, to red alder seedlings grown in different soils. The study consisted of two separate experiments, with seedlings from the same seed source used in both experiments. Experiment 1 (1981-82) compared untreated controls and five different fertilizers applied singly at two different rates each. In experiment 2 (1982 comparisons were made between controls, a single fertilizer, and six differ ent fertilizer mixtures. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Cynthia C. Lipp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plants
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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The effect of solution nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations on biomass production and N2 fixation of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings grown in perlite-filled pots in a climate controlled growth room were studied. Nodulated seedlings were subjected to 12 different nutrient solution combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus and one sodium control treatment. Carbohydrate allocation, nitrogen fixation (using acetylene reduction (AR) methods) and leaf N and P concentrations were measured to determine the relative importance of external nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on plant growth and nutrient status, nodule production, and nitrogen fixation activity. Nodule biomass per plant declined with increasing solution N concentrations (1, 10, 100, 1000 mg N/l). Nodule AR rates remained relatively stable over most of the treatments. This study, however provides some evidence that nodule and plant AR rates can be enhanced at treatment combinations of 100 mg N/l and 100 mg N/l over all other treatment combinations of N and P used in this study. Leaf P concentrations increased with increasing solution P concentrations (10, 100, 1000 mg P/l). Nodule biomass per plant, nitrogenase activity (measured as nodule AR rates) and plant AR rate were greatest at 100 mg P/l. Plant biomass production was greatest at solution concentrations of 100 mg N/l combined with 10 or 100 mg P/l. All measured variables were depressed at high solution concentrations of nitrogen (1000 mg N/l) and phosphorus (1000 mg P/l) probably due to the adverse effects of high leaf nutrient concentrations. Plant nitrogen fixation declined with increasing solution N concentration. The nitrogen content of leaves per plant, however, was greater at 100 mg N/l than when N was present at 1 and 10 mg N/l in solution. This suggests that there was a shift in the relative contribution from fixed N as a major contributor to the plant nitrogen pool at solution N concentrations of 1 and 10 mg N/l, to mineral N at solution concentrations of 100 mg N/l and 1000 mg N/l. Increased demand for carbohydrate by nitrogen fixation at low external N concentrations (1 and 10 mg N/l) was associated with reduced plant growth. First, leaf nitrogen concentrations appeared to be optimum for plant growth in all treatments, thus the reduction in plant growth at 1 and 10 mg N/l was not due to a nitrogen deficiency. Second, the decline in nitrogen fixation with increasing solution N concentrations would result in a reduced demand for plant carbohydrates by the nodules. At 100 mg N/l carbohydrate was directed away from the nodules to other plant parts resulting in an increase in growth. Finally, it was concluded that the effect of solution N concentrations on alder nitrogen fixation and growth appeared to be through a shift in the allocation of carbohydrate to nodules and other plant parts. The effect of solution P concentrations on alder nitrogen fixation appeared to be through a stimulation of nodule biomass up to solution P concentrations of 100 mg P/l. Leaf P concentrations ranged from optimum to potentially toxic for plant growth. Biomass production was highest when solution P concentrations were at 10 lug P/l and leaf P concentrations were between 0.2% and 0.4%. An interaction between N and P indicates that each may modify the effect the other has on plant growth and nitrogen fixation. Leaf nutrient concentrations, nodule biomass, and nodule AR rates were influenced by an interaction between N and P. An increase in treatment P concentrations to 100 mg P/l modified the negative effect of solution nitrogen on nodule biomass so that the rate of decline of nodule biomass was reduced compared to 10 mg P/l solution treatments. Plant AR activity increased significantly, when treated with a combination of 100 mg N/l and 100 mg P/l in solution, as compared to all other treatments. This increase was a combined result of P enhancement of nodule biomass and a stimulation of nodule AR activity by N and P as plant growth increased and more carbohydrate was produced. It appears that nitrogen fixation may be enhanced when low amounts of external nitrogen are present and P availability is not limited. The negative effect nitrogen concentrations on red alder nitrogen fixation have been reported in other studies. However, the importance of phosphorus to nitrogen fixation has only recently been brought under investigation. This study indicates that high P availability can modify the negative effect of external nitrogen concentrations on nitrogen fixation and increase the potential contribution of nitrogen to the system by the nitrogen fixing plant.
Author:
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Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 690
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Category : Douglas fir
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Five randomly assigned treatments were used to quantify effects of adding varying numbers of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) or nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth of a 10-year-old conifer plantation at a medium quality site in the western Washington Cascade Range. Zero, 20, 40, and 80 alder trees per acre were retained along with about 300 conifers per acre. Nearly all conifers were coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). A fifth treatment substituted N fertilizer for N-fixing alder. Changes in average tree height, and in numbers of trees, basal area, and volume per acre between plantation ages of 10 and 27 are compared. In pure conifer plots, gross volume growth averaged 26 percent greater on fertilized than nonfertilized plots, indicating measurable benefits of additional N. On both fertilized and nonfertilized plots, an average of 13 percent of the original conifers died. Retaining 20, 40, or 80 alder per acre (7, 13, and 27 percent of the associated conifer trees per acre, respectively) was associated with reduced numbers of Douglas-fir by about 19, 5, and 17 percent, respectively, in the next 17 years. Mortality and growth of Douglas-fir were not related to alder density, but losses of Douglas-fir were especially large on plots where relatively large red alder (20 per acre) were retained. Neither total stand nor conifer yields were changed by retaining alder. Additional comparisons are needed at other locations, especially those with known N deficiency.
Author: Robert Leslie Deal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Red alder
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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In March 23-25, 2005, an international symposium on red alder was held at the University of Washington Center for Urban Horticulture in Seattle, WA. The symposium was entitled S2Red alder: A State of KnowledgeS3 and brought together regional experts to critically examine the economic, ecological and social values of red alder. The primary goal of the symposium was to discuss new advances in the understanding of red alder biology and silviculture, changing market and nonmarket values, and the current regulatory climate for management of alder. This proceedings includes 14 papers based on oral presentations given at the symposium. These papers highlight some of the key findings from the history, ecology, biology, silviculture and economics sessions presented at the red alder symposium.
Author: Richard E. Miller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Douglas fir
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Forest products industry
Languages : en
Pages : 690
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