Effectiveness of Iron-based Fuel Additives on Diesel Soot Control PDF Download
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Author: H. William Zeller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: H. William Zeller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: H. William Zeller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Jack B. Howard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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A review of studies conducted in practical combustion systems such as oilfired domestic and utility boilers, gas turbines, and diesel engines has demonstrated that metallic fuel additives can be effective in reducing soot emissions. Manganese, iron, and barium are the metals most often reported to be highly effective, although problems with metal oxide deposits on combustor surfaces sometimes prohibit their use. Evaluation of laboratory burner flame experiments revealed three distinct mechanisms by which the various metallic additives function to remove soot. Several mathematical models of soot reduction through additive use are discussed. Iron additives and their combustion products are relatively non-toxic, whereas the popular manganese additives and their oxides are fairly hazardous. Generally, only water soluble barium compounds are toxic, and these typically constitute only 25 percent of the barium compounds in diesel engine exhaust. Additives are only recommended for short-term use, combustor design modifications being the economically preferred long-term solution. (Author).
Author: Caojian Du
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Author: H. William Zeller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Barium
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Author: Mark P. Musculus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Based on a phenomenological model of diesel combustion and pollutant-formation processes, a number of fuel additives that could potentially reduce in-cylinder soot formation by altering combustion chemistry have been identified. These fuel additives, or ''combustion modifiers'', included ethanol and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol dinitrate (a cetane improver), succinimide (a dispersant), as well as nitromethane and another nitro-compound mixture. To better understand the chemical and physical mechanisms by which these combustion modifiers may affect soot formation in diesel engines, in-cylinder soot and diffusion flame lift-off were measured, using an optically-accessible, heavy-duty, direct-injection diesel engine. A line-of-sight laser extinction diagnostic was employed to measure the relative soot concentration within the diesel jets (''jetsoot'') as well as the rates of deposition of soot on the piston bowl-rim (''wall-soot''). An OH chemiluminescence imaging technique was utilized to measure the lift-off lengths of the diesel diffusion flames so that fresh oxygen entrainment rates could be compared among the fuels. Measurements were obtained at two operating conditions, using blends of a base commercial diesel fuel with various combinations of the fuel additives. The ethanol additive, at 10% by mass, reduced jet-soot by up to 15%, and reduced wall-soot by 30-40%. The other fuel additives also affected in-cylinder soot, but unlike the ethanol blends, changes in in-cylinder soot could be attributed solely to differences in the ignition delay. No statistically-significant differences in the diesel flame lift-off lengths were observed among any of the fuel additive formulations at the operating conditions examined in this study. Accordingly, the observed differences in in-cylinder soot among the fuel formulations cannot be attributed to differences in fresh oxygen entrainment upstream of the soot-formation zones after ignition.
Author:
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Category : Mineral industries
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 868
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 720
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