Effect of the Isthmus of Panama on the Sensitivity of the Climate System to Variations in Earth's Orbital Parameters PDF Download
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Author: Andreas Klocker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Author: Andreas Klocker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Author: Henry L. Abbot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Canals
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Author: Henry L. Abbot
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780331756623
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Excerpt from Climatology of the Isthmus of Panama General considerations. - The geographical position of the Isthmus of Panama is about 9 north latitude. From this position it follows that the sun is in the zenith at noon twice a year; it is on the northern side between the 13th of April and the 29th of August. Its altitude above the north horizon on the day of the summer solstice is 75 41' and its altitude above the south horizon at the winter solstice is 57 It transmits to the surface of the earth the maximum possible amount of heat on April 13 and August 29. The amount of heat coming from the sun is in proportion to the sine of the angle made by the solar rays with the horizon; that is to say, to the numbers and at noon at the time of the maximum and at the two periods of summer and winter minima, respectively. This shows the very small differences in the quantity of heat received day by day dur ing the entire year. But the temperature of the air does not depend solely upon the quantity of heat coming from the sun, it is also necessary to consider the amount lost by radiation and the effects of many local conditions, and these may vary according to place and from one day to another. Among these conditions the motions of the atmosphere and the quantity of aqueous vapor are general and powerful factors. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Eustathios Chiotis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351260235
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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This book highlights climate as a complex physical, chemical, biological, and geological system, in perpetual change, under astronomical, predominantly, solar control. It has been shaped to some degree through the past glaciation cycles repeated in the last three million years. The Holocene, the current interglacial epoch which started ca. 11,700 years ago, marks the transition from the Stone Age to the unprecedented cultural evolution of our civilization. Significant climate changes have been recorded in natural archives during the Holocene, including the rapid waning of ice sheets, millennial shifting of the monsoonal fringe in the northern hemisphere, and abrupt centennial events. A typical case of severe environmental change is the greening of Sahara in the Early Holocene and the gradual desertification again since the fifth millennium before present. Climate Changes in the Holocene: Impact, Adaptation, and Resilience investigates the impact of natural climate changes on humans and civilization through case studies from various places, periods, and climates. Earth and human society are approached as a complex system, thereby emphasizing the necessity to improve adaptive capacity in view of the anthropogenic global warming and ecosystem degradation. Features: Written by distinguished experts, the book presents the fundamentals of the climate system, the unparalleled progress achieved in the last decade in the fields of intensified research for improved understanding of the carbon cycle, climate components, and their interaction. Presents the application of paleoclimatology and modeling in climate reconstruction. Examines the new era of satellite-based climate monitoring and the prospects of reduced carbon dioxide emissions.
Author: Henry L. Abbot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Chauncey D. Griswold
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Panama
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: Vivien Gornitz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402045514
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1062
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Book Description
One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.
Author: J. John Lowe
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317753712
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
This third edition of Reconstructing Quaternary Environments has been completely revised and updated to provide a new account of the history and scale of environmental changes during the Quaternary. The evidence is extremely diverse ranging from landforms and sediments to fossil assemblages and geochemical data, and includes new data from terrestrial, marine and ice-core records. Dating methods are described and evaluated, while the principles and practices of Quaternary stratigraphy are also discussed. The volume concludes with a new chapter which considers some of the key questions about the nature, causes and consequences of global climatic and environmental change over a range of temporal scales. This synthesis builds on the methods and approaches described earlier in the book to show how a number of exciting ideas that have emerged over the last two decades are providing new insights into the operation of the global earth-ocean-atmosphere system, and are now central to many areas of contemporary Quaternary research. This comprehensive and dynamic textbook is richly illustrated throughout with full-colour figures and photographs. The book will be of interest to undergraduates, postgraduates and professionals in Earth Science, Environmental Science, Physical Geography, Geology, Botany, Zoology, Ecology, Archaeology and Anthropology
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128130822
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 4318
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Book Description
The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches
Author: Chadwick Dearing Oliver
Publisher:
ISBN: 1107172934
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 547
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Book Description
An illustrated overview of the sustainability of natural resources and the social and environmental issues surrounding their distribution and demand.
